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A larval population of the white-fringed beetle, Graphognathus peregrinus (Buchanan), in a Louisiana grassland field was reduced 38% by Neoaplectana dutkyi Jackson ('DD-136' nematode) applied at 430,000 nematodes per m(2). In Mississippi an artificial population was reduced 50% by the nematode applied at 538,000 per m(2).

In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion.