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Program Package “Operation Planning of Energy Systems” (day, week) - menue driven problem data input - matrix generator (MIP model) - accelerated standard optimization program (MPSX/370 with MIP/370) - colour graphic output of schedules.

A method for stereotactic radiosurgery planning by information extraction from CT-images is presented. Information extracted from the CT-images is used to calculate the stereotactic approach and the three dimensional dose distribution for a brain tumour, which is to be treated by interstitial radiosurgery. Computer programs have been deve1oped which a11ow a fast interactive treatment planning and the visualisation of the information which is necessary for surgery and radiation dosimetry. The described procedure is a combination of different image processing, reconstructing and display techniques with the aim of precise stereometrical information extraction.INTRODUCTIONDuring the past decade interest in radiosurgical treatment of deeply localized intracranial tumours has progressively increased due to the savety and benignity of the method. Besides the radosurgical treatment using external bear.is, stereotactical implantations of radioisotopes such as Ir-192, Au-198 and J-125 into the tumour are performed(2,3,4). Three prerequisites are essential for achieving good therapeutic results:1.T he exact determi n a t ion of tumo ur ou 111n e s and transfer to the stereotactic coordinate system. 2.Selective necrotizing irradiation of the whole tumour volume. 3.Sparing the brain structures surrounding the

This paper presents the methodology and models developed to solve the operations scheduling problem for the Brazilian system. A chain of four individual programs ranging from hourly transmission-constrained dispatch to multi-year reservoir optimization has been used. The output of the programs at higher levels impose targets or constraints on the lower level programs. In addition, feedback links from lower level to higher level programs help ensure a global optimization of the scheduling process. The techniques employed to solve the scheduling problems at each level include stochastic dynamic programming, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, network flows and multistage stochastic Benders decomposition.

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show substantial improvement of image quality and acquisition speed. The acquisition of volume and/or multiecho data, flow measurements,and greater sensitivity offer new possibilities for diagnosis, therapy and operation planning.

The paper presents a model for long-term operation planning of hydro-thermal systems which can cope with energy constraints of hydro as well as of thermal units. The stochastic nature of forced outages and load forecast errors is included by a stochastic simulation procedure, the stochastic nature of water availability by chance-constrained programming. No aggregation of constrained units becomes necessary due to linearizing the cost function for each constrained unit individually. The optimization algorithm used is sucessive LP. Test results obtained by the described model are displayed.

The Operation Planning System MICROBUS is designed as a desktop implementation for use in the operational planning departments of transport companies. It consists of the system modules microfahrplan (transport and vehicle scheduling) and microdienstplan (crew scheduling) [4].

A Mixed-Integer-Programming-Model is presented within this paper for long-term expansion and operation planning of combined electric power and heat systems. The mathematical formulation of the monetary objective and the power and heat demand restraints is explained at first. The restraints for the long-term operation of a typical extraction-condensing power plant are shown afterwards. The application of the planning-model to a practical power and heat system is illustrated by some diagrams.

Discussion of the experience gained in experiment operation planning during the Skylab mission. The Skylab flight planning activity allowed the experimenters to interact with the system and provided the flexibility to respond to contingencies both major and minor. Both these aspects contributed to make efficient use of crew time thus helping to increase the science return from the mission. Examples of the need for real time scheduling response and of the tradeoffs considered between conflicting experiment requirements are presented. General management principles derived from this experience are developed. The Skylab mission experiences, together with previous Apollo mission experiences, are shown to provide a good background for Shuttle flight planning.

This paper describes an analytical tool for distribution system cost reduction via network reconfiguration. The developed methodology and software contain three main steps: real-time load estimation, effective determination of minimum power loss configuration and cost/benefit evaluation. Such a developed tool permits its flexible use in distribution system reconfiguration studies. The proposed tool's capabilities are presented by using an example of its application in the optimal operation planning of Skopje's (Yugoslavia) distribution network.

The role of imaging in the treatment of brain tumours viewed from the neurosurgeons perspective is described. The importance of evaluating various aspects of intracranial tumours for the prognosis, selection of treatment and execution of the operation is reviewed. The impact of imaging on operation planning, intraoperative use of neuronavigation, MRI CT and USG on the outcome of treatment is presented. Close cooperation between neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon guarantees better outcomes for the patients and further improvements in brain tumour treatment.

This paper presents an application of ant colony optimisation and genetic algorithm to rescue operation planning. It considers the task as the multiple travelling salesmen problem and proposes suitable heuristics in order to improve the performance of the selected techniques. Then it applies the implemented solutions to a real data. The paper concludes with comparison of the implementations and discussion on the aspects of the utilisation of the proposed heuristics.

The paper addresses key aspects of our experience with evolutionary computation techniques as applied to dealing with the problems of operation planning and expansion planning. Distribution planning-which includes operation planning and expansion planning-can be made optimal by evolutionary computation. The interchange path algorithm plays a major role in the process. The benefits of optimal planning in increasing capacity, improving efficiency and reliability, and in selecting investments are reported.

Optical disaggregation can provide the intermediate models required by In-Operation planning to compute feasible configulations in IP/Optical networks. We demonstrate disaggregation on a real SDN-orchestrated testbed, and quantify its benefits and costs.

The paper addresses the optimal distribution planning and its importance in three different contexts of distribution utilities practice: expansion planning, operation planning and emergency planning. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem and the algorithms and software requirements are addressed. For each practice context, the paper reports the benefits of optimal planning in increasing capacity, improving efficiency and reliability, and selecting investments.