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Dongpo Yangshengji is compositions on health preservation in SU Dongpo's works. The health preserving philosophy centered on 'an' (peaceful mind) and 'he' (harmony) is embodied in the book. It can be certain that the book was compiled by WANG Ruxi in the 8th year of the Ming Emperor Chongzhen. There are 3 editions and 2 series existing. One is the Ming edition series represented by the Chongzhen edition, and the other is the Qing edition series which is represented by the CHEN Daosheng edition. The notes in the Chongzhen edition were made by WANG Ruxi, and QIU Xiangsheng revised the comments then formed the Qing edition. The preface of Kangxi could be the key point to differentiate between the two editions.

In order to learn the phosphorus (P) species distribution in sediments of Lake Nansihu, 0-25 cm sediments from Weishanhu district in Lake Nansihu were analyzed with a sequential extraction method. The results show that: the average values of Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Oc-P, Ca-P, De-P, Org-P in Weishanhu district sediments are 5.62 mg/kg, 4.08 mg/kg, 12.25 mg/kg, 13.34 mg/kg, 116.67 mg/kg, 232.36 mg/kg and 396.79 mg/kg respectively, and the rank order of P-fractionation for Lake Nansihu is Al-P < Ex-P < Fe-P < Oc-P < Ca-P < De-P < Org-P. The vertical phosphorous species distribution exhibits the obvious rule that exchangeable P (Ex-P), Fe-bound P (Fe-P), occluded P (Oc-P), organic P (Org-P) value decrease with depth, while the values of Al-bound P (Al-P), authigenic calcium bound P (A Ca-P), detrital apatite P (De-P) increase. The Sum1 content (the sum of Ex-P, Al-P and Fe-P) in surficial sediments is remarkably positively correlated with the PO4(3-) concentration of overlaying water, to which Fe-P content contributes the most with the correlation index 0.72. In spatial phosphorous species distribution, the discrepancy of potential active species(Ex-P, Al-P and Fe-P) is greater than those inert ones (Oc-P, Ca-P and De-P), and Org-P is only second to those potential active species.

The chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process was used to treat municipal wastewater in Shanghai, and the effect of its return sludge on pollutant removal was studied through stopping chemical addition, simulating different return sludge ratio, and analyzing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The results show that the return sludge in CBF exhibits strong pollutant removal capability, and chemical in its return sludge can further TP removal and enhance CBF's adaptability to the influent TP impulse. After stopping PAFC (Al2 O3 : 10.8%, Fe2 O3: 1.8%) addition, COD removal efficiency is achieved at about 50%, and removal rates of PO4(3-) and TP gradually decline. It is also found that chemical addition plays an important role in promote sludge sedimentation in CBF. EPS extracted from CBF is 145.89 mg/g, while EPS from CEPT is only 17.24 mg/g, which indicates that there is strong biological flocculation behavior in CBF. With the increase of return sludge ratio, TP and COD removal efficiencies decrease in CEPT, which reveals that chemical in waste sludge has poor flocculation capability, while CBF return sludge exhibits good flocculation behavior due to its biological flocculation. Chemical flocculation and biological flocculation work collaboratively in CBF process.

Some doctors of the Ming dynasty raised subversive doubts against the traditional viewpoints of "exogenous cold disease is warm-heat" before the emergence of Wen yi lun (On Pestilence), holding that warm-heat disease "is contracted in different seasons instead of being transformed from cold to warm and/or heat". The conception of the separation of warm-heat disease and exogenous cold disease had changed from obscure to clear. As the idea became clear, the recognition on the new affection of warm, heat, summer-heat, pestilent pathogen was formed, and the idea that the pathogens of summer-heat and warm entered the human body through the mouth and nostrils was put forward. The six-channel syndrome differentiation of warm disease and the five sweat-resolving methods in pestilence raised by the doctors of this period are the aspects of the differential diagnosis of syndrome and treatment in warm diseases, and deserve to be paid attention to.

The Wen re lun (On Epidemic Warm Diseases), written by Ye Tian-shi, a famous physician of epidemic warm diseases in the Qing dynasty, was originally a teaching record between the tutors and disciples. The book was originally anonymous, and there were two different circulated versions compiled by two different scholars. The Wen zheng lun zhi (Treatment of Warm Syndromes) was arranged by Tang Da-lie, and its first edition was Wu yi hui jiang (Collected Discourses of Physicians in Wu Region), an xylographic edition of Tang's Wenxin Thatched Cottage in Wu region block-printed in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). The Wen re lun (On Epidemic Warm Diseases) was arranged by Hua Xiu-yun, and its first edition was Weisheng Tang edition probably in the 42nd year of Qianlong of the Qing dynasty (1777) with disordered book names, which should be unified and marked. Hua Xiu-yun wasn't Ye's follower, and he looked for and arranged Ye's medical cases because of the adoration to Ye Tian-shi. The texts of these two editions were the same, while the academic style differed substantially.

Zeta potential, particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution of dissolved TOC were studied to elementarily disclose the mechanism of the chemical-biological flocculation (CBF) process to treat municipal wastewater. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and primary sedimentation tank process were taken as the parallel-compared wastewater treatment processes. The experimental results show that under the same dosage, Zeta potential of the CBF process effluent is equal to that of the CEPT process, which indicates that flocculant in return sludge does not change the stabilization of particles in CBF reactor, and the biological flocculation is the key reason for CBF is superior to CEPT. In CBF process, good removal results are achieved for particles >10 microm and dissolved TOC with molecular weight >6 ku by chemical dosage, and biological flocculation can not only promote the removal of particles >10 microm and dissolved TOC with molecular weight >6 ku, but also have high capacity to remove small particles and dissolved TOC with small molecular weight, with the results that particles >3 tpm are removed completely and TOC with molecular weight of 2-6 ku are removed by 42.5% .

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) has been shown to be a multifunctional cytokine required for embryonic development and regulation of trophoblast cell behaviors. In the present study, a non-transformed cell-line representative of normal human trophoblast (NPC) was used to examine the effect of TGFbeta1 on trophoblast cell adhesion and invasion. In vitro assay showed that TGFbeta1 could significantly promote intercellular adhesion, while inhibiting cell invasion across the collagen I-coated filter. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and gelatin zymography demonstrated that TGFbeta1 evidently repressed the mRNA expression and proenzyme production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, but exerted no effect on mRNA expression and secretion of MMP-2. On the other hand, both the mRNA and protein expression of epithelial-cadherin and beta-catenin were obviously upregulated by TGFbeta1 in dose-dependent fashion, as revealed by RT-PCR and western-blot analysis. What is more, one of the critical TGFbeta signaling molecules - Smad2 was notably phosphorylated in TGFbeta1-treated NPC cells. The data indicates that cell invasion and adhesion are coordinated processes in human trophoblasts and that there exists paracrine regulation on adhesion molecules and invasion-associated enzymes in human placenta.

In the opinion of dialectical materialism, concept is developing with the deepening and broadening of human being's mind. The developing process of syndrome concept in traditional Chinese medicine also takes the same way. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the connotation of syndrome concept was defined and the embryonic form of syndrome differentiation of zang-fu viscera was formed. In the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the development of syndrome concept embodied in optimizing the theoretical research based on clinical practice and experiences according to many medical masters in different denominations. The syndrome differentiation of eight principles was established to standardize and perfect the principles of syndrome differentiation in the Qing Dynasty. Modern research of syndrome concept is manifested in objectifying the process of research of syndrome and diseases in different levels and aspects by use of advanced scientific technology.

The history of this period of institutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be roughly divided into 5 stages, each with its own uniqueness. The first stage of private practice, united dispensary and outpatient department (OPD) lasted 1949 - 1955. The second stage of 1956 - 1965 is the foundation for TCM hospitals. The third stage, 1966 - 1976, the sluggish development of traditional medical institutions. The fourth stage, the overall development of traditional medical organizations lasted 1977 - 1989. The fifth stage lasted 1990 - 2000, was the continuous development of traditional medical units and establishment of special hospitals and special clinical departments in the hospitals. The development of TCM organizations in Beijing during this period is matchless in any other periods.