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Background: Human malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the skin cancers with the highest mortality. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-383-5p on human MM cells. Methods: The expression of miR-383-5p was measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The cell proliferation, invasion and migration were detected by CCK8, clone formation and transwell assays. Flow cytometry assay was used to detect apoptosis. The binding of miR-383-5p and 3’UTR of CENPF mRNA was indicated by dual-luciferase assays.Results: We found that miR-383-5p inhibited the cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of M14 and A375 cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that the expression of miR-383-5p was negatively correlated with CENPF expression in human MM, and the doul-luciferase report showed that miR-383-5p could effectively bind to the 3’UTR of CENPF. CENPF expression was up-regulated and predicted the prognosis of MM. In addition, high expression of CENPF can effectively remedy the resistance of cell proliferation and vitality caused by miR-383-5p. Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-383-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in human MM by targeting CENPF, suggesting that CENPF may be a potential therapeutic target for human MM.

There are many epidemiological studies asserting that fine dust causes lung cancer, but the biological mechanism is not clear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 &mu, m) on single nucleotide variants through whole genome sequencing in lung epithelial cancer cell lines (HCC-827, NCI-H358) that have been exposed to PM10. The two cell lines were exposed to PM10 for 15 days. We performed experimental and next generation sequencing analyses on experimental group that had been exposed to PM10 as well as an unexposed control group. After exposure to PM10, 3005 single nucleotide variants were newly identified in the NCI-H358 group, and 4402 mutations were identified in the HCC-827 group. We analyzed these single nucleotide variants with the Mutalisk program. We observed kataegis in chromosome 1 in NCI-H358 and chromosome 7 in HCC-827. In mutational signatures analysis, the COSMIC mutational signature 5 was highest in both HCC-827 and NCI-H358 groups, and each cosine similarity was 0.964 in HCC-827 and 0.979 in the NCI-H358 group. The etiology of COSMIC mutational signature 5 is unknown at present. Well-designed studies are needed to determine whether environmental factors, such as PM10, cause COSMIC mutational signature 5.

Inula britannica var. chinensis (IBC) has been used as a traditional medicinal herb to treat inflammatory diseases. Although its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects have been reported, whether IBC exerts neuroprotective effects and the related mechanisms in cortical neurons remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of IBC extract (5, 10, and 20 µg/mL) on cortical neurons using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury model. Our results demonstrate that IBC can effectively enhance neuronal viability under in vitro-modeled reaction oxygen species (ROS)-generating conditions by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production and increasing adenosine triphosphate level in H2O2-treated neurons. Additionally, we confirmed that neuronal death was attenuated by improving the mitochondrial membrane potential status and regulating the expression of cytochrome c, a protein related to cell death. Furthermore, IBC increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. Furthermore, IBC inhibited the loss and induced the production of synaptophysin, a major synaptic vesicle protein. This study is the first to demonstrate that IBC exerts its neuroprotective effect by reducing mitochondria-associated oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial dysfunction.

The current study tested the hypothesis of whether specific lipids may control angiogenic reactions. Using the chorioallantoic membrane assay of the chick embryo, new vessel formation was analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry as well as bioinformatics tools including an angiogenesis analyzer. Our biochemical experiments showed that a specific lipid composition and stoichiometry determine the angiogenesis microenvironment to accelerate or inhibit vessel formation. Specific lipids of angiogenesis determinants in the vessel area and the non-vessel area were identified as nitrooleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, epoxyoleic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, and docosahexaenoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LPC). Vessel formation happens on the surface area of the hydrophilic membrane of the yolk. Our biochemical data demonstrated that angiogenesis was followed in the white lipid complex area to generate more branches, junctions, segments, and extremities. We analyzed lipid fragments in the vessel, non-vessel, and albumen area to show that each area contains a specific lipid composition and stoichiometry. Mass spectrometry data demonstrated that the vessel area has higher concentrations of nitrooleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 7-ketocholesterol, and DHA-LPC; however, DHA and EPA were abundant in the hydrophobic non-vessel area. The purpose of vessel formation is to wrap up the yolk area to transport nutrients including specific fatty acids. Besides, angiogenesis requires aqueous albumen shown by distance-dependent vessel formation from albumen and oxygen. Higher concentrations of fatty acids are required for energy and carbon structure from the carbon-carbon bond, membrane building blocks, and amphiphilic detergent to solubilize a hydrophobic environment in the aqueous blood layer. The current study may guide that the uncovered hydrophobic or zwitterionic molecules such as DHA and DHA-LPC may control angiogenesis as antiangiogenic or proangiogenic molecules as potential drug targets for treating uncontrolled angiogenesis-related diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Comparisons and standardized effect size between SPG5 patients with disease duration > 14 years and ��� 14 years. Table S2. The parameters of MR sequences.

A bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure of organic semiconductor blend is widely used in photon-to-electron converting devices such as organic photodetectors (OPD) and photovoltaics (OPV). However, the impact of the molecular structure on the interfacial electronic states and optoelectronic properties of the constituent organic semiconductors is still unclear, limiting further development of these devices for commercialization. Herein, the critical role of donor molecular structure on OPD performance is identified in highly intermixed BHJ blends containing a small-molecule donor and C60 acceptor. Blending introduces a twisted structure in the donor molecule and a strong coupling between donor and acceptor molecules. This results in ultrafast exciton separation (

Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in ALDH18A1 have been reported as spastic paraplegia 9 (SPG9), with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive transmission (SPG9A and SPG9B). SPG9 is rare and has shown phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in previous reports. Methods: This study screened ALDH18A1 mutations in autosomal recessive HSP patients using combined whole exome sequencing and RNA splicing analysis. We conducted in silico investigations, co-segregation analysis, and ELISA-based analysis of P5CS (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase; encoded by ALDH18A1) concentration to validate the pathogenicity of the detected ALDH18A1 variants. All previously reported bi-allelic ALDH18A1 mutations and cases were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of ALDH18A1-related HSP. Results: A novel missense mutation c.880T>C, p.S294P and an intronic splicing mutation c.-28-13A>G were both detected in ALDH18A1 in an autosomal recessive family presenting with a complicated form HSP. ELISA assays revealed significantly decreased P5CS concentration in the proband's plasma compared with that in the healthy controls. Moreover, review of previously reported recessive cases showed that SPG9B patients in our cohort presented with milder symptoms, i.e., later age at onset and without cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The present study expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of SPG9B caused by ALDH18A1 mutation. Our work defines new genetic variants to facilitate future diagnoses, in addition to demonstrating the highly informative value of splicing mutation prediction in the characterization of disease-related intronic variants.

SUS304 stainless steel is characterized by combined tensile and compression testing, with an emphasis on flow stress at higher strain and temperature. The plastic deformation behavior of SUS304 from room temperature to 400 &deg, C is examined and a general approach is used to express flow stress as a closed-form function of strain, strain rate, and temperature, this is optimal when the strain is high, especially during automatic multi-stage cold forging. The fitted flow stress is subjected to elastothermoviscoplastic finite element analysis (FEA) of an automatic multi-stage cold forging process for an SUS304 ball-stud. The importance of the thermal effect during cold forging, in terms of high material strength and good strain-hardening, is revealed by comparing the forming load, die wear and die stress predictions of non-isothermal and isothermal FEAs. The experiments have shown that the predictions of isothermal FEA are not feasible because of the high predicted effective stress on the weakest part of the die.

Activation of the Hedgehog pathway may have therapeutic value for improved bone healing, taste receptor cell regeneration, and alleviation of colitis or other conditions. Systemic pathway activation, however, may be detrimental, and agents amenable to tissue targeting for therapeutic application have been lacking. We have developed an agonist, a conformation-specific nanobody against the Hedgehog receptor Patched1 (PTCH1). This nanobody potently activates the Hedgehog pathway in vitro and in vivo by stabilizing an alternative conformation of a Patched1 "switch helix," as revealed by our cryogenic electron microscopy structure. Nanobody-binding likely traps Patched in one stage of its transport cycle, thus preventing substrate movement through the Patched1 sterol conduit. Unlike the native Hedgehog ligand, this nanobody does not require lipid modifications for its activity, facilitating mechanistic studies of Hedgehog pathway activation and the engineering of pathway activating agents for therapeutic use. Our conformation-selective nanobody approach may be generally applicable to the study of other PTCH1 homologs.

Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegias type 5 (SPG5) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with 27-hydroxycholesterol abnormal accumulation. Imaging and pathologic manifestations remain poorly understood due to the rare incidence. This study reveals the MRI features of SPG5, and aims to investigate a promising imaging diagnostic biomarker for SPG5.Methods: We prospectively recruited SPG5 patients and matched healthy controls from Neurogenetic Diseases Centers of Fujian province in China, clinical and MRI data of whom were collected. Abnormalities of spinal cord and brain were characterized and quantified by conventional and quantitative MRI. Comparisons were conducted between MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bioindicators.Results: Seventeen SPG5 patients were enrolled (11 men, 6 women; age range, 13–49 years; median disease duration, 14 years). For the first time, T2 hyperintensities with “+” form (cross sign) in atrophic spinal cord was found among all SPG5 patients. To grade severity of this sign, we set up a scoring scale (cross-sign scores) in cervical spinal cords. Unexpectedly, total cross-sign scores showed a strong positive correlation with disability scale scores (r = 0.687, P = 0.002) and disease duration (r = 0.520, P = 0.032). Although total spinal cord area was reduced (cervical levels: 12-27%; thoracic levels 41-60%), no correlation was found between spinal cord atrophy and disease severity. In CSF, a positive correlation was identified between 27-hydroxycholesterol and neurofilament light (r = 0.468, P = 0.049), although 27-hydroxycholesterol and neurofilament light were unrelated to disease severity.Conclusion: Cross sign of spinal cord was established as a potentially diagnostic biomarker linked to SPG5 that can guide genetic testing and interpret genetic results. Moreover, cross-sign scoring scale is more sensitive than spinal cord area and CSF markers for monitoring SPG5 progress in our research.

Recently, it has been actively conducted to study Network technology based on eMBB, URLLC, mMTC for 5G commercial. Compared to 4G Network, 5G is leading the sensational dissemination and spread of 5G devices, IoT and network infrastructure with outstanding performance differences such as data transmission speed, communication delay time, and connectivity of devices. However, there is a need for a method to select proper radio access technology(RAT) interworking with the legacy network infrastructure (4G/3G/2G) due to the narrow coverage of 5G. There is a need for a way to improve communication service satisfaction through infrastructure and proper and efficient use. In this paper, we propose a method to support efficient mobility of mobile devices for interworking between 5G mobile networks and existing mobile networks (4G/3G/2G), and scenarios for efficiently operating 5G networks and existing networks of global mobile network operators.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between median nerve-neurophysiological index (NI) and survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods: A retrospective case series with a prospective follow-up study was performed in 238 patients with ALS. Their clinical profiles and NI were recorded. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were adopted to perform survival analysis.Results: The median survival time of all ALS cases was 33.0 months. Multivariate analysis showed that older age of onset, shorter diagnostic delay, higher ΔALSFRS-R, and faster progression {NI ≤ 2.15; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.543 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.136–2.094]} were associated with short survival. NI was correlated with ALSFRS-R at baseline (rs = 0.3153; p < 0.0001) and ALSFRS-R at different time points of follow-up (rs = 0.5127; p < 0.0001). The higher NI slope of decline (> 0.25) showed shorter survival compared with the lower group (≤ 0.25; 34.0 vs. 52.0 months; p = 0.0003). A predictive model was constructed based on the age of onset, diagnostic delay, median nerve NI, and ΔALSFRS-R. The higher predictive score (> 14) showed significantly shorter survival compared with the lower group (≤ 14; HR = 3.907, 95% CI, 2.857–5.342).Conclusion: Median nerve NI and its slope of decline were predictive of survival of ALS.

Studies on monogenic diseases can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of other neurological disorders, say Wan-Jin Chen and colleagues

Inflammation is an essential biological response that eliminates pathogenic bacteria and repairs tissue after injury. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with systemic and intrarenal inflammation as the inflammatory process decreases renal function and promotes progression to advanced chronic kidney disease. Macrophages are key mediators of the inflammatory response, their activation influences the immune system and may have various effects. Classically activated type I macrophages (M1) produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. However, anti-inflammatory type II macrophages (M2) are alternatively activated upon exposure to anti-inflammatory cytokines and are associated with wound healing and tissue repair following AKI. Here, we used melittin from bee venom to enhance the polarization of M2 macrophages and promote renal recovery after AKI. Melittin was administered to mice intraperitoneally for 5 days at various concentrations (10, 50, and 100 &micro, g/kg), serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were analyzed 72 h after cisplatin administration to confirm renal dysfunction. Melittin inhibited the cisplatin-induced increase in creatinine and BUN, an indicator of renal dysfunction. The expression of M1 markers (CD16/32) decreased significantly, whereas that of M2 markers (CD206, Arg1nase I) increased after melittin administration. Consistently, tubular necrosis was substantially reduced in melittin-treated mice. Thus, melittin alleviates cisplatin-induced AKI by regulating M2 macrophage expression.

BackgroundPostural instability is one of the most disabling features of spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3) and often leads to falls that reduce mobility and functional capacity. This study aimed to quantitatively analyse static and dynamic balance and proprioception function on postural control in patients with SCA3 using the Pro-kin system and optimise rehabilitation programmes for them.MethodsEight-one clinically diagnosed SCA3 patients (38 women, 43 men; aged 39.00 ± 9.66) and 62 healthy controls were studied and evaluated using the Pro-kin system (PK254P, Tecnobody S.r.l, Dalmine, Italy). The measurements included (1) a static balance test in two visual feedback conditions: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC); (2) a dynamic balance test measuring limits of stability (LOS); and (3) a proprioception function test to obtain proprioceptive measurements on a multiaxial balance evaluator for both right and left lower limbs.ResultsCompared to controls, SCA3 patients showed significantly higher values of all static balance outcome variables with eyes open and eyes closed, implying postural instability. SCA3 patients showed significantly higher values in the standard deviation of body sway along the medio-lateral (ML) axis and in the velocity of body sway along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. The overall scores and the scores for all eight LOS components were significantly lower in the SCA3 patients than in the controls. The mean values of AP index (API), ML index (MLI), Stability index (SI) and average trace error (ATE) were significantly greater in SCA3 patients compared to HC subjects, while API showed a trend toward higher values.ConclusionsSCA3 patients have a significant postural control disorder, and are likely to fall on the AP plane and prefer performing postural adjustments in the ML direction; a decreased proprioception function in the knee and ankle is also evident. Visual cues and proprioception should be emphasized in balance rehabilitation training. Attention should also be paid to improve muscle strength and range of motion.Trial registrationThe Chinese clinical test registration center. ChiCTR1800020133. Registered 15 december 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33950

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is of global concern and has recently emerged in the US. In this paper, we construct a stochastic variant of the SEIR model to estimate a quasi-worst-case scenario prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in the US West and East Coast population regions by considering the different phases of response implemented by the US as well as transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in countries that were most affected. The model is then fitted to current data and implemented using Runge-Kutta methods. Our computation results predict that the number of new cases would peak around mid-April 2020 and begin to abate by July provided that appropriate COVID-19 measures are promptly implemented and followed, and that the number of cases of COVID-19 might be significantly mitigated by having greater numbers of functional testing kits available for screening. The model is also sensitive to assigned parameter values and reflects the importance of healthcare preparedness during pandemics.

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction is a leading cause of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial changes play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK (TQC) extract is a plant from China belonging to the thymus species, which can mediate the inflammatory response and prevent cell damage through its antioxidant activities. This study examines whether TQC can scavenge excess ROS originating from the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages and performed an immunocytochemistry dot blot of 8-hydroxy-2&prime, deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. TQC was found to significantly reduce the intensity of immunostained MitoSOX and 8-OHdG levels in the total genomic DNA within the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the TQC groups. Therefore, we verified that TQC improves mitochondrial function and attenuates oxidative stress induced by LPS. Our results can provide reference for the effect of TQC to develop new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

SummaryPreeclampsia, a life-threatening pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and multiorgan damage, affects 2-5% of pregnancies and causes 76,000 deaths per year. Most preeclampsia associated syndromes immediately dispel after removal of placenta, indicating a casual role of placenta in the pathogenesis. Failed transformation of spiral artery due to insufficient invasion and excessive apoptosis of trophoblast suggested developmental defects in preeclampsia placenta. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that affected placenta development in preeclampsia remained elusive. Here we show that, in preeclampsia placenta, the epigenetic landscape formed during extraembryonic tissue differentiation was disrupted: dramatic chromatin accessibility shift affected known and novel genes implicated in preeclampsia. DNA methylation defects in preeclampsia affected lineage-defining PcG-controlled loci in trophectoderm. LTR12 retrotransposons associated with VCT/SCT-specific genes were hypermethylated. Meanwhile, hundreds of PcG-regulated EVT-specific gene promoters, which otherwise undergone post-ZGA extraembryonic-tissue-specific de novo methylation, were hypomethylated and hyper-activated. Together, these epigenetic defects resulted in placenta developmental delay in preeclampsia. The defective methylation pattern could be detected in serum cfDNA, and could be used to accurately predict preeclampsia at early pregnancy weeks in independent validation cohorts. Our data suggests that the preeclampsia placenta represents a stalled state of epigenetic reprogramming en route of development from trophectoderm to normal placenta.

The next 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technologies should solve the out-of-band emission problem of cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) that the 4th generation technology did not solve in order to use frequency resources efficiently. In this study, we propose the spectral encapsulation (SE) that shapes the spectrum of OFDM signals. We also derive the orthogonalizing matrix and thoroughly analyze its characteristic. Since vector (v) SE-OFDM is a spectral shaping technique based on zero insertion without using any long filter, it can be applied to even short OFDM symbols. We build the precoder with the accurate orthogonal matrix and show that it has perfect blocking at the frequency bandwidth boundaries. Since the information transmission part of the proposed vSE-OFDM is the same as the CP-OFDM, it maintains the bit error rate (BER) performance of CP-OFDM as it is, and the complexity can be significantly improved because it can be implemented using IFFT.

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with four causative genes (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, and XPR1) that have been identified. Here, we aim to describe the mutational spectrum of four causative genes in a series of 226 unrelated Chinese PFBC patients. Mutations in four causative genes were detected in 16.8% (38/226) of PFBC patients. SLC20A2 mutations accounted for 14.2% (32/226) of all patients. Mutations in the other three genes were relatively rare, accounting for 0.9% (2/226) of all patients, respectively. Clinically, 44.8% of genetically confirmed patients (probands and relatives) were considered symptomatic. The most frequent symptoms were chronic headache, followed by movement disorders and vertigo. Moreover, the total calcification score was significantly higher in the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. Functionally, we observed impaired phosphate transport induced by seven novel missense mutations in SLC20A2 and two novel mutations in XPR1. The mutation p.D164Y in XPR1 might result in low protein expression through an enhanced proteasome pathway. In conclusion, our study further confirms that mutations in SLC20A2 are the major cause of PFBC and provides additional evidence for the crucial roles of phosphate transport impairment in the pathogenies of PFBC.

In the field of computer-aided recognition, edge feature is one of the key factors to determine recognition performance. Comparing to an optical image, since sonar image via acoustic wave is easily influenced by underwater environments such as particle density, temperature, and current, edge information should be boosted. Some image preprocessing techniques based on transform domain such as wavelet and curvelet may be good candidates but conventional methods show not only the possibility of enhancing edge features but also the limitation due to the absence of consideration to the edge direction. This study proposes an improved edge enhancement method based on curvelet transform (CVT), which is able to find out edge direction. The proposed method (PM) calculates the maximum value by ridgelet coefficients on each angular line, derived from the sub-step of the CVT, and the real edge direction is determined by local maxima selection after finding the azimuth of this value. In addition, selective sharpening is performed according to the feature information of edge. Experimental results have shown that the PM is comparable with conventional methods in terms of edge intensity, recognition rate, and peak signal-to-noise ratio.

Dysdera dushengi sp. nov. (Figs 1���6) Type material. Holotype &male; (IZCAS-Ar39719), CHINA: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, 10 km N. of Kekedala City, 44.0244��N, 81.0180��E, elev. 751 m, 06.IV.2019, Sheng Du leg. Paratypes. 1&male;, 1&female; (IZCAS-Ar39720���IZCAS-Ar39721), same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named after Mr. Sheng Du, the collector of the holotype; noun (name) in genitive case. Diagnosis. Dysdera dushengi sp. nov. is similar to D. pamirica Dunin, 1992, which has been found only at the ridge of Peter the Great, Central Tajikistan (38.7833��N, 70.3000��E, see Dunin, 1992). Males of the two species are similar in: the ratio of the height of the tegulum to the height of the distal division, which is 1: 2 in lateral view, the semi-circular crest, and the posterior leaf-shaped apophysis but can be distinguished from D. pamirica by the tegulum and distal division which are in a straight line in lateral view (vs. angle between tegulum and distal division approximately 10�� in D. pamirica) and the height of the tegulum to the length of the widest part of the crest is 1:2 (vs. 1: 1 in D. pamirica) (Figs 2, 4 A���B). Females have a similar dorsal arc of the anterior diverticulum but can be distinguished by the spermatheca which are not connected to the dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum (vs. connected to the dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum in D. pamirica), and the two extremities of the dorsal arc of the posterior diverticulum are well-developed (vs. less well developed in D. pamirica) (Figs 3, 4C). Description. Male (Figs 1 A���B, 2, 4A���B). Total length 7.37. Carapace 3.21 long, 2.31 wide. Abdomen 4.25 long, 2.34 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AE 0.20, PLE 0.12, PME 0.12, AE���AE 0.44, PME���PME 0.28, PME���PLE 0.25, AE��� PLE 0.28. PLE���PLE 0.52. Chelicerae 2.00 long. Fang 1.40. Legs: I 10.25 (2.88 + 3.85 + 2.88 + 0.64), II 9.40 (2.88 + 3.21 + 2.56 + 0.75), III 6.75 (2.25 + 2.00 + 2.25 + 0.25), IV 8.38 (3.00 + 2.50 + 2.50 + 0.38). Carapace red, smooth, lighter posteriorly, with sparse setae. Clypeus dark red. Chelicerae long, red, with 1 promarginal tooth and 2 retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium red. Sternum colored as endites, with sparse setae. Legs orange. Spination of leg I: femur 3d; leg II: femur 3d; leg III: femur 11���6r, 4���0v, tibia 5���6d, 5���7p, 4v, metatarsus 5���7d, 3���2p; leg IV: femur 3d, 4���2r, tibia 7���4d, 5���4p, metatarsus 6���9d, 2p, 3���0r, 4v. Abdomen oval, dorsum pale yellow, covered with setae. Bulb (Figs 2, 4 A���B) three times longer than tegulum; distal division straight in lateral view; crest semicircular, half length of tegulum; lateral sheet well-developed, with an apophysis; anterior apophysis of lateral sheet absent; AL present; posterior apophysis leaf-shaped, perpendicular to tegulum in lateral view, ratio of lateral length to length of tegulum 2: 1. Female (Figs 1 C���D, 3, 4C). Total length 7.69. Carapace 2.80 long, 1.92 wide. Abdomen 4.49 long, 0.96 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AE 0.16, PLE 0.12, PME 0.12, AE���AE 0.40, PME���PME 0.24, PME���PLE 0.25, AE���PLE 0.28. PLE��� PLE 0.48. Chelicerae 1.25. Fang 1.17. Legs: I 7.80 (2.20 + 3.00 + 2.00 + 0.60), II 6.74 (2.19 + 2.75 + 1.20 + 0.60), III 6.00 (1.80 + 2.00 + 1.60 + 0.60), IV 6.89 (2.56 + 1.50 + 2.20 + 0.63). Spination of leg I: femur 3d, 3���0p; leg II: femur 2d; leg III: femur 3���0d, 1���0r, tibia 3r, 3���5p, 3���1d, metatarsus 3���6d, 2���3p, 4r, 1���3v; leg IV: femur 7���4r, tibia 4���5p, 3���2d, metatarsus 3��� 7d, 2��� 1p. Appearance as in male. Endogyne (Figs 3, 4C): Anterior spermatheca with straight lateral wings, four times wider than long, neck of spermatheca visible; dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum ladder-shaped, two times wider than long; terminus of dorsal arc of posterior diverticulum well-developed; ventral wall triangular. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Life history. All specimens of the new species were collected under stones on a rocky massif., Published as part of Lin, Yejie, Chang, Wan-Jin & Li, Shuqiang, 2020, Dysdera dushengi sp. nov., the easternmost species of the spider family Dysderidae (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 97-103 in Zoological Systematics 45 (2) on pages 100-102, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202014, http://zenodo.org/record/4617220