600 results on '"Schäfer, Mike S."'
Search Results
552. Fans und Gewalt
- Author
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Leistner, Alexander, Roose, Jochen, editor, Schäfer, Mike S., editor, and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, editor
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- 2010
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553. Fans und Konsum
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Akremi, Leila, Hellmann, Kai-Uwe, Roose, Jochen, editor, Schäfer, Mike S., editor, and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, editor
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- 2010
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554. Fans und Religion
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Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, Roose, Jochen, editor, Schäfer, Mike S., editor, and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, editor
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- 2010
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555. Fans und Gender
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Fritzsche, Bettina, Roose, Jochen, editor, Schäfer, Mike S., editor, and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, editor
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- 2010
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556. Issue-Attention: Mediale Aufmerksamkeit für den Klimawandel in 26 Ländern
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Mike S. Schäfer, Andreas Schmidt, Ana Ivanova, Schäfer, Mike S., Neverla, Irene, University of Zurich, Nevarla, Irene, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Kommunikationswissenschaft ,problem consciousness ,climate protection ,journalism ,Ecology, Environment ,Media Contents, Content Analysis ,mass media ,ddc:070 ,Ökologie und Umwelt ,opinion formation ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Communicator Research, Journalism ,Journalismus ,Political science ,Klimaschutz ,Ökologie ,ddc:577 ,Climate protection ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,News media, journalism, publishing ,Berichterstattung ,Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung ,Klimawandel ,reporting ,Ecology ,Massenmedien ,Kommunikatorforschung, Journalismus ,affectedness ,Problembewusstsein ,climate change ,Meinungsbildung ,communication sciences ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,Humanities ,Betroffenheit ,Opinion formation - Abstract
Klimawandel stellt in den Augen vieler Autoren ein globales Phanomen dar (vgl. Beck 2008: 81 ff.). Immerhin handelt es sich um eine Veranderung des Klimas, die in Form steigender Durchschnittstemperaturen weltweit spurbar ist (z. B. IPCC 2007: 11) und in Gesellschaften weltweit Folgen haben wird (vgl. z. B. WBGU 2008).
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- 2012
557. Mediatisierung: Medienerfahrungen und -orientierungen deutscher Klimawissenschaftler
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Mike S. Schäfer, Ana Ivanova, Andreas Schmidt, Inga Schlichting, Schäfer, Mike S., Neverla, Irene, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Mediatisierung ,Kommunikationswissenschaft ,mass media ,ddc:070 ,Sociology & anthropology ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,natural scientist ,Basic Research, General Concepts and History of the Science of Communication ,public communications ,Naturwissenschaftler ,Sozialwissenschaftler ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,News media, journalism, publishing ,Berichterstattung ,mediatization ,Klimawandel ,reporting ,öffentliche Kommunikation ,Massenmedien ,climate change ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,communication sciences ,social scientist ,öffentliche Meinung ,public opinion ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Kommunikationswissenschaften ,ddc:301 ,Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology ,Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie - Abstract
Der Klimawandel wird von zivilgesellschaftlichen, wirtschaftlichen, politischen und anderen Akteuren als weitreichende gesellschaftliche Herausforderung wahrgenommen (vgl. die Beitrage von Oels & Carvalho; Schlichting; Schmidt in diesem Band). Allerdings sind sich diese Akteure uber Ursachen, Verantwortlichkeiten, Auswirkungen und Handlungsoptionen oft uneins. Diese Differenzen werden in der (Medien-)Offentlichkeit ausgetragen (vgl. Schafer u. a. 2011). Klimawissenschaftler, die die primare Wissensproduktion zu den Ursachen, Eigenschaften und Folgen des Klimawandels betreiben, agieren somit in einem politisierten, gesellschaftlich relevanten Forschungsfeld, das medial in hohem Mase beobachtet wird. Zudem tragen sie aktiv zu der Debatte bei, indem sie teilweise zu politischen Angelegenheiten wie dem Zwei-Grad-Ziel Stellung nehmen (z. B. Schwagerl 2009).
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- 2012
558. Einleitung: Der Klimawandel und das 'Medien-Klima'
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Mike S. Schäfer, Irene Neverla, University of Zurich, Neverla, Irene, Schäfer, Mike S, and Schäfer, Mike S.
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Kommunikationswissenschaft ,reporting ,Klimawandel ,Philosophy ,Massenmedien ,mass media ,ddc:070 ,Sociology & anthropology ,climate change ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,communication sciences ,Basic Research, General Concepts and History of the Science of Communication ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Kommunikationswissenschaften ,ddc:301 ,Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology ,Wissenschaftssoziologie, Wissenschaftsforschung, Technikforschung, Techniksoziologie ,Humanities ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,News media, journalism, publishing ,Berichterstattung - Abstract
Als sich die New York Times schon 1937 mit den Folgen des Klimawandels befasste, stand sie damit allein auf weiter Flur, und auch der Christian Science Monitor war den Mediendebatten seiner Zeit weit voraus, als er 1957 „Are Men Changing the Earth’s Weather?“ titelte (vgl. Boykoff & Rajan 2007). Anders in der Wissenschaft: Schon 1863 hatte der britische Physiker John Tyndall auf einen moglichen Zusammenhang zwischen Eiszeiten und einem sinkenden CO2-Anteil in der Atmosphare hingewiesen; und der schwedische Klimaforscher Svante Arrhenius publizierte 1896 Berechnungen fur zukunftige CO2-Anstiege und die auf dieser Basis zu erwartende Erderwarmung.
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- 2012
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559. Fans und Partizipation
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Jochen Roose, Mike S. Schäfer, Roose, Jochen, Schäfer, Mike S., Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, University of Zurich, Schäfer, Mike S, and Schmidt‐Lux, Thomas
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Mitwirkung ,democracy ,Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ,Konsum ,Sociology & anthropology ,fan ,contribution ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Publikum ,conception of democracy ,audience ,charisma ,050602 political science & public administration ,participation ,Political science ,Cultural Sociology, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Literature ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ,05 social sciences ,Protest ,0506 political science ,Moderne ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,modernity ,Demokratie ,Demokratieverständnis ,Politikwissenschaft ,decision ,Entscheidung ,Loyalität ,0502 economics and business ,Sozialkapital ,consumption ,Partizipation ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,loyalty ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,ddc:320 ,social capital ,Humanities ,050212 sport, leisure & tourism ,Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie - Abstract
Partizipation umfasst zwei Aspekte: Mitentscheidung und Mitwirkung. Der Beitrag betrachtet beide Aspekte mit Blick auf Fans. Dabei wird Hirschmanns beruhmte Unterscheidung von Exit, Voice und Loyalty als Moglichkeiten der Reaktion auf Unzufriedenheit gegenuber einer Organisation fur das Verstandnis von Fans als loyalem Publikum nutzbar gemacht. Von Fans ist eine Unterstutzung ihres Fanobjekts auch bei Unzufriedenheit zu erwarten. Zudem mussten nach Hirschman loyale Fans starker zu Voice, also der Artikulation von Unzufriedenheit, neigen und weniger zur Abwanderung (Exit). Korrespondierend damit finden sich unter Sportfans auch vielfaltige Formen von Unmutsauserungen, was in anderen Fanbereichen seltener vorkommt. Allerdings gibt es auch unter Musik- und Filmfans eine grose Minderheit, die meint, bei schlechten Entwicklungen ihres Fanobjekts die Stimme erheben zu mussen. Fur eine Mitwirkung beim Fanobjekt finden sich eine Reihe von Beispielen. Die Online-Umfrage zeigt, dass Sport- und Musikfans zu grosen Teilen eine Unterstutzung ihres Fanobjekts, beispielsweise bei Veranstaltungen, als ihre Aufgabe betrachten, was Film- oder Buchfans eher nicht so sehen. Fantum kann fur politische Partizipation in drei Weisen relevant sein: als Milieu fur die Ausbildung politischer Szenen und im Sinne der Sozialkapitalthese als „Schule der Demokratie“ – wofur sich empirisch allerdings keine Anzeichen finden.
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- 2010
560. Communicating science in organizational contexts: toward an 'organizational turn' in science communication research
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Mike S. Schäfer, Birte Fähnrich, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Strategy and Management ,050801 communication & media studies ,050905 science studies ,Field (computer science) ,0508 media and communications ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,1408 Strategy and Management ,Meta ,Science communication ,Strategic communication ,Sociology ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,business.industry ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Public relations ,science communication ,Communications management ,strategic communication ,Scholarship ,organizational communication ,Organizational communication ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,3315 Communication ,Analysis - Abstract
PurposeResearch on science communication in organizational contexts is scarce – even though many cases can be found where organizations from science and beyond communicate about science-related issues, or where organizational contexts have an impact on the communication of individual scientists and scientific organizations. Therefore, it is time for an “organizational turn” in science communication research, and for more scholarly emphasis on the specific cases that science-related communication in, from and about organizations presents. Such an approximation would benefit both science communication research and analyses of strategic and organizational communication.Design/methodology/approachThis special issue of the “Journal of Communication Management” on “Communicating Science in Organizational Contexts” is a step in this direction: It compiles commentaries from leading scholars in the respective fields as well as research articles coming from various disciplines and conceptual as well as methodological paradigms. In the editorial, we assess overlaps between scholarship on science communication and strategic communication, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of journals in the field(s), develop a guiding heuristic for analyzing science communication in organizational settings, and introduce the contributions to the special issue.FindingsThe meta-analysis shows that overlaps between science communication research and scholarship on strategic communication are scarce. While organizations and their communication appear occasionally, and increasingly often, in science communication research, scholars of strategic communication only rarely analyze science communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe meta-analysis is limited to the publications of five scholarly journals over ten years. It still demonstrates the lack of research in the intersection of scholarship on science communication and strategic communication.Practical implicationsScientific organizations are rapidly extending and professionalizing their strategic communication, and an increasing number of organizations beyond science communicate on science or science-related issues. Understanding science communication in organizational settings, therefore, is crucial for practitioners in both areas.Originality/valueAnalyzing science communication in organizational settings is of increasing importance – yet few studies exist that have done it, and the respective research fields devote not much attention to one another. The special issue is a first foray into this new, intersectional field.
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- 2020
561. Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: assessing the production of climate change-related news around the world
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Mike S. Schäfer, James Painter, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Stakeholder ,2306 Global and Planetary Change ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Public relations ,01 natural sciences ,Gatekeeping ,Scholarship ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,3305 Geography, Planning and Development ,Political science ,1902 Atmospheric Science ,Science communication ,Social media ,Journalism ,business ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,News media ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Climate journalism gathers, evaluates, selects, and presents information about climate change, its characteristics, causes, and impacts, as well as ways to mitigate it, and distributes them via technical media to general and specialist audiences. It is an important source of information about climate change for many people. Currently, however, the media ecosystem surrounding climate journalism is changing, with economic conditions becoming more strenuous, more communicators joining the debate, and social media changing the affordances of communication. This advanced review synthesizes scholarship on the status quo and the changes taking place in climate journalism in the Global North and the Global South. While it demonstrates that the scholarship has distinct gaps and biases, it does distill several robust findings. First, it shows that the organizational embedding of climate journalism is changing, with specialist reporters becoming scarce and working under more strenuous conditions and with the emergence of online-born news media and niche sites specializing in climate journalism. It also suggests that few specialist climate journalists exist in the Global South. Second, it demonstrates that the range of roles available to climate journalists has diversified, with a shift from “gatekeeping” to “curating” roles. Third, it indicates that climate journalists’ relationships with their sources have changed. Elite sources have been, and still are, important, but their composition has shifted from scientists to a broader range of stakeholders. Correspondingly, there seems to be a strong and rising influence of stakeholder PR on climate journalism.
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- 2021
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562. Hochschulkommunikation aus kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive
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Mike S. Schäfer, Birte Fähnrich, Julia Metag, Senja Post, University of Zurich, Fähnrich, Birte, Metag, Julia, Post, Senja, and Schäfer, Mike S
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10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,0503 education ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Die Aufgaben in den Kommunikationsabteilungen von Hochschulen haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren stark verandert und ausgeweitet. Vor 15 Jahren ging es vor allem um die Presse- und Medienarbeit – um Pressemeldungen, Pressekonferenzen und die Pflege personlicher Kontakte zu JournalistInnen, nicht selten von Lokalmedien. Seitdem sind etliche Aufgaben hinzugekommen: Es mussen die Auftritte der Hochschule auf vielfaltigen Kanalen von eigenen Magazinen uber Websites bis hin zu Social Media aufgesetzt, koordiniert und betreut werden.
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- 2018
563. Hochschulkommunikation in Online-Medien und Social Media
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Julia Metag, Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, Fähnrich, Birte, Metag, Julia, Post, Senja, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Facebook ,05 social sciences ,Twitter ,050301 education ,Kommunikation ,Wirkungsforschung ,Wissenschaftskommunikation ,Inhaltsforschung ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,0502 economics and business ,Mediennutzung ,050211 marketing ,Online ,Kommunikatorforschung ,Universitäten ,0503 education ,Social Media ,Hochschulen ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Abstract
Hochschulen kommunizieren zunehmend online und auf Social Media. Nichtsdestotrotz ist die Forschung, die sich mit Hochschulen als Kommunikatoren in der Online-Welt, den Inhalten ihrer Online-Kommunikation und mit deren Nutzung und Wirkung auseinandersetzt, noch stark fragmentiert und hinsichtlich zentraler Fragen begrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag erschliesst dieses Forschungsfeld, identifiziert Foki der entsprechenden Studien und stellt den Forschungsstand zu den Inhalten der Online-Kommunikation von Hochschulen, zu ihrer Rolle als Online-Kommunikatoren sowie zur Nutzung und Wirkung dieser Kommunikation dar. Er zeigt unter anderem, dass sich Hochschulen der Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Online-Medien bewusst sind und diese entsprechend bespielen, dass aber gerade Hochschulen im deutschsprachigen Raum diesbezuglich nicht zu den Vorreitern gehoren. Online-Medien werden v.a. als zusatzliche Kanale fur traditionelle Inhalte genutzt. Diese Angebote richten sich uberwiegend an Studierende und werden oft auf Basis einer marketingorientierten Perspektive aufbereitet. Der Beitrag macht zudem eine betrachtliche Zahl blinder Flecken in der Forschung deutlich: Er zeigt, dass sich Studien bis dato uberwiegend auf den angloamerikanischen Raum und dessen Hochschulsystem beziehen, dass wenige Studien auf einer klaren theoretischen Grundlage operieren und die Nutzung von Online-Kommunikation selten gemeinsam mit ubergeordneten Kommunikationsstrategien analysiert wird.
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- 2018
564. Hochschulkommunikation als komplexes Forschungs- und Handlungsfeld – Neue Herausforderungen für die Hochschulen
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Otfried Jarren, University of Zurich, Fähnrich, Birte, Metag, Julia, Post, Senja, Schäfer, Mike S, and Jarren, O
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Governance ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Wissenschaftsforschung ,Political science ,Organisationskommunikation ,Hochschulkommunikation ,Humanities ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Abstract
Hochschulkommunikation ist noch kein klar erkennbares, konturiertes Forschungsfeld. So fehlt es an theoretischen Konzepten wie an empirischen Untersuchungen. Zugleich hat sich das Handlungsfeld Wissenschafts- und Hochschulkommunikation in der Praxis an den Hochschulen aufgrund veranderter interner Zielsetzungen (New Public Management, neue Formen der Governance) wie externer Anforderungen (Wettbewerb, Politisierung) recht dynamisch, aber ohne vertiefte konzeptionelle Uberlegungen entwickelt. Die Entlehnung von Kommunikationskonzepten aus dem Wirtschaftssystem (z. B. strategische Kommunikation, integrierte Kommunikation) beachtet die Folgen derartiger Ubernahmen fur die Institution Hochschule zu wenig. Durch Formen der Leitungs- oder Fuhrungskommunikation wird ein Organisationswandel ausgelost – mit Folgen auch fur die institutionelle Verfasstheit von Hochschulen. Kommunikation muss im organisationalen wie im institutionellen Kontext von Hochschulen als eine strukturbildende Ressource gesehen und anerkannt werden. Die Reflektion der Kommunikationsanspruche, -formen wie auch -folgen sollte zur Aufgabe der Hochschulen werden.
- Published
- 2018
565. Reputation von Hochschulen
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Vogler, Daniel, Post, Senja, University of Zurich, Fähnrich, Birte, Metag, Julia, Post, Senja, and Schäfer, Mike S
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11211 Institute for Research on the Public Sphere and Society ,Medienberichterstattung ,300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,050801 communication & media studies ,0508 media and communications ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Schweiz ,Medienreputation ,Universitäten ,Hochschulen ,0503 education ,Reputation - Abstract
Im Zuge des verscharften Wettbewerbs unter Hochschulen hat die Reputation von Hochschulen fur ForscherInnen und PraktikerInnen an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bislang existiert jedoch kein Uberblick, der die sehr heterogene empirische und konzeptionelle Literatur zu Hochschulreputation systematisiert. In diesem Beitrag werden deshalb Konzeptionen von Hochschulreputation zusammengetragen und ein Uberblick uber die empirische Forschung vorgelegt. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass kein allgemeingultiges Verstandnis von Hochschulreputation existiert und viele Studien mit Ansatzen aus der Forschung zu Unternehmensreputation operieren. Das wird dem spezifischen Wesen von Bildungsinstitutionen nicht gerecht. Empirisch wird schwerpunktmasig zu Effekten von Reputation auf Studierende und zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen Hochschulreputation und Hochschulrankings geforscht. Aber auch die Wirkung von Medienberichterstattung auf die (Medien-)Reputation von Hochschulen ist Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien. Oftmals stehen dabei die kommerziell ausgerichteten Institutionen im angelsachsischen Raum im Fokus. Aufgrund der kaum vorhandenen Forschung zum deutschsprachigen Raum stellen wir die Resultate einer eigenen empirischen Studie zu Medienreputation von Schweizer Universitaten vor.
- Published
- 2018
566. Selling science 2.0: What scientific projects receive crowdfunding online?
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Livia Herzog, Mike S. Schäfer, Julia Metag, Jessica Feustle, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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content analysis ,Online payment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,050801 communication & media studies ,Presentation ,0508 media and communications ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,0502 economics and business ,News values ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Science communication ,Marketing ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,media_common ,3204 Developmental and Educational Psychology ,crowdfunding ,business.industry ,online communication ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Articles ,Public relations ,science communication ,Content analysis ,1201 Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Business ,050203 business & management ,3315 Communication ,Reputation - Abstract
Crowdfunding has emerged as an additional source for financing research in recent years. The study at hand identifies and tests explanatory factors influencing the success of scientific crowdfunding projects by drawing on news value theory, the “reputation signaling” approach, and economic theories of online payment. A standardized content analysis of 371 projects on English- and German-language platforms reveals that each theory provides factors influencing crowdfunding success. It shows that projects presented on science-only crowdfunding platforms have a higher success rate. At the same time, projects are more likely to be successful if their presentation includes visualizations and humor, the lower their targeted funding is, the less personal data potential donors have to relinquish and the more interaction between researchers and donors is possible. This suggests that after donors decide to visit a scientific crowdfunding platform, factors unrelated to science matter more for subsequent funding decisions, raising questions about the potential and implications of crowdfunding science.
- Published
- 2018
567. Rezeption und Wirkung öffentlicher Wissenschaftskommunikation
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Julia Metag, University of Zurich, Bonfadelli, Heinz, Fähnrich, B, Lüthje, C, Milde, J, Rhomberg, M, Schäfer, Mike S, and Metag, Julia
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10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Political science ,Humanities ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Abstract
Der Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit der Frage, wie und auf welchem Wege Personen wissenschaftliche Informationen wahrnehmen und wie sich dies auf ihre Meinung zu Wissenschaft, ihr Wissen uber wissenschaftliche Themen und ihr wissenschaftsbezogenes Verhalten auswirkt. Die Entwicklung der Forschung in diesem Bereich wird entlang der in der Wissenschaftskommunikation prominenten Paradigmen der Scientific Literacy, des Public Understanding of Science sowie des Public Engagement with Science aufgezeigt. Auf der Makro-Ebene lassen sich der Agenda-Setting-Ansatz, die Wissenskluft- und Kultivierungsforschung sowie die Theorie der Schweigespirale als relevante Wirkungsansatze fur Informationen uber Wissenschaftsthemen identifizieren. Auf der Mikro-Ebene wird die Rolle von Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen, Framing und Priming bei der Rezeption von wissenschaftlichen Inhalten thematisiert. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der Grosteil der Forschung in dem Bereich mit standardisierten Methoden (Survey-Forschung, Experimente) arbeitet und sich neuere Forschung vor allem der Rezeption von Wissenschaft online widmet.
- Published
- 2017
568. Handlungstheoretische Perspektiven auf die Wissenschaftskommunikation
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Heinz Bonfadelli, University of Zurich, Bonfadelli, Heinz, Fähnrich, Birte, Lütje, Corinna, Milde, Jutta, Rhomberg, Markus, and Schäfer, Mike S
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0508 media and communications ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,05 social sciences ,050801 communication & media studies ,0509 other social sciences ,050905 science studies ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Abstract
Das soziale und medienbezogene Handeln einzelner Menschen als Laienpublikum und Zielgruppe von Wissenschaftskommunikation steht im Zentrum dieses Beitrags (wahrend das kommunikative Handeln von Wissenschaftlern untereinander oder ihre Interaktionen mit Journalisten nicht Thema dieses Beitrags sind (vgl. dazu Beitrage von Luthje und Taubert i. d. Bd.). Dieses soll aus einer handlungstheoretischen Perspektive auf der Mikroebene analysiert werden. Dabei werden theoretische Ansatze der einschlagigen Forschung vorgestellt und auf ihren Ertrag fur die Analyse von Wissenschaftskommunikation hin abgeklopft.
- Published
- 2017
569. Fans in theoretischer Perspektive
- Author
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Jochen Roose, Thomas Schmidt-Lux, Mike S. Schäfer, Roose, Jochen, Schäfer, Mike S., and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas
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Goffman, E ,rationality ,interaction ,Identitätsbildung ,Sociology & anthropology ,Bourdieu, P ,fan ,Freizeitforschung, Freizeitsoziologie ,sociological theory ,basic need ,Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie ,Emotionalität ,General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,emotionality ,Rationalität ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,soziologische Theorie ,identity formation ,Fanatismus ,Interaktion ,Alltagssoziologie ,Rational-Choice-Theorie ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Grundbedürfnis ,Leisure Research ,rational choice theory ,ddc:300 ,everyday sociology ,ddc:301 ,fanaticism - Abstract
Fans waren bislang kaum Gegenstand systematischer Theoriebildung. Der Beitrag unternimmt eine exemplarische Theoretisierung von Fans, indem er sich auf drei Fragen konzentriert und sich diesen drei theoretischen Richtungen nahert. Erstens werden die Grunde, Fan zu werden, mit der Rational Choice-Theorie als Strategie der Erlebnissteigerung interpretiert. Durch die langfristige Fanbeziehung mit ihren Ritualen und der Vorbereitung in der Fan-Gemeinschaft wird das Erlebnis intensiver und gleichzeitig erwartbarer. Zweitens wird das Agieren von Fans aus einer Goffman’schen Sicht als spezifische Interaktionsordnung betrachtet. Die Fan-Rolle bietet Moglichkeiten und Regeln einer Inszenierung. Drittens wird die soziale Ordnung innerhalb von Fan-Gemeinschaften mit Bourdieus Ansatz gefasst. Fan-Gemeinschaften folgen eigenen Ordnungen der Zuschreibung von Anerkennung nach Fan-spezifischen Kapitalien. Distinktionsgewinne lassen sich sowohl innerhalb der Fangemeinschaft als auch extern erzielen. In einer Freizeitgesellschaft konnten solche Kapitalien wichtiger werden. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass verschiedene Theorierichtungen eine instruktive Basis fur die Theoretisierung und damit das Verstandnis des Gesellschaftsphanomens Fans bieten.
- Published
- 2017
570. Das Forschungsfeld Wissenschaftskommunikation
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Corinna Lüthje, Mike S. Schäfer, Markus Rhomberg, Heinz Bonfadelli, Birte Fähnrich, Jutta Milde, University of Zurich, Bonfadelli, Heinz, Fähnrich, Birte, Lüthje, Corinna, Milde, Jutta, Rhomberg, Markus, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Wissenschaftsjournalimus ,0508 media and communications ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,05 social sciences ,Neue Formate der Wissenschaftskommunikation ,050801 communication & media studies ,Wissenschaft in der öffentlichen Kommunikation ,Wissenschaft und Politikberatung ,0509 other social sciences ,Wissenschaft im Film ,050905 science studies ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,Wissenschaft im Internet - Abstract
Information und wissenschaftliches Wissen bilden die Basis moderner Wissens- und Mediengesellschaften. Wissenschaftliches Wissen durchdringt immer umfassender gesellschaftliche Teilbereiche sowie die Gesellschaft als Ganzes und pragt das Handeln von Einzelpersonen ebenso wie die Entscheidungen politischer, wirtschaftlicher und anderer Institutionen (Gibbons et al. 1994; Nowotny et al. 2001; Weingart 2001).
- Published
- 2016
571. Umwelt- und Klimawandelkommunikation
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Heinz Bonfadelli, Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, Bonfadelli, Heinz, Fähnrich, Birte, Lüthje, Corinna, Milde, Jutta, Rhomberg, Markus, and Schäfer, Mike S
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Klimawandel ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Umweltkommunikation ,Medien ,Kommunikation ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Abstract
Medienkommunikation und insbesondere die Berichterstattung von Massenmedien sind wichtige Informationsquellen fur die Wahrnehmung von Umweltproblemen sowie des anthropogenen Klimawandels. Entsprechend haben sich in den letzten Jahren viele Forscherinnen und Forscher mit dem Aufkommen, den Charakteristika, der Nutzung und den Wirkungen (massen)medialer Kommunikation zu Umweltthemen im Allgemeinen und zum Klimawandel im Speziellen beschaftigt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber das Forschungsfeld, resumiert die wichtigsten Befunde und zeigt mogliche Richtungen und Aspekte zukunft iger Forschung auf.
- Published
- 2016
572. Content Analysis Methods for Assessing Climate Change Communication and Media Portrayals
- Author
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Metag, Julia, University of Zurich, Nisbet, M, Ho, S, Markowitz, E, O'Neill, S, Schäfer, Mike S, Thaker, J, and Metag, Julia
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10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,070 News media, journalism & publishing - Published
- 2016
573. 'Hacktivism'? Online-Medien und Social Media als Instrumente der Klimakommunikation zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure
- Author
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Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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non-governmental organization ,nichtstaatliche Organisation ,descriptive study ,social media ,soziale Bewegung ,deskriptive Studie ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Informationsquelle ,Ecology, Environment ,ddc:070 ,Ökologie und Umwelt ,Interactive, electronic Media ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Soziale Medien ,empirisch-quantitativ ,Ökologie ,ddc:577 ,mobilization ,interaktive, elektronische Medien ,social actor ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,News media, journalism, publishing ,Online-Medien ,quantitative empirical ,Internet ,Klimawandel ,Ecology ,empirisch ,climate policy ,online media ,source of information ,Aktivierung ,Mobilisierung ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,social movement ,Klimapolitik ,climate change ,öffentliche Meinung ,public opinion ,activation ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,empirical ,Akteur - Abstract
"Klimawandel und Klimapolitik sind für viele Menschen nicht unmittelbar wahrnehmbar und erreichen sie entsprechend medial vermittelt. Dabei spielen Online-Medien resp. Social Media eine zunehmend größere Rolle. Gerade für - oftmals ressourcenschwache - NGOs stellen sie angesichts ihrer geringen Kosten und vielfältigen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten zentrale Instrumente zur Mobilisierung öffentlicher Meinung dar. Der Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die Internet-Strategien klimabezogener NGOs. Er unterscheidet drei kommunikative Grundmuster: Informationsstrategien, mit denen Umwelt- und Klima-NGOs sich selbst, ihre Ziele und ihr Handeln vorstellen; Aktivierungsstrategien, mit denen Sympathisanten zur Unterstützung und Entscheidungsträger zu Handlungsänderungen veranlasst werden sollen; sowie Vernetzungsstrategien, mit denen sich NGOs untereinander oder mit Aktivisten an der Basis verlinken. Deutlich wird dabei, dass sich bei Klima-NGOs eine breite Palette unterschiedlicher Strategien findet - aber auch, dass sich viele auf bloße Informationsstrategien beschränken und damit stärker persuasiv und mobilisierend wirkende Wege der Online-Kommunikation, etwa in Social Media, vernachlässigen." (Autorenreferat) "Climate change and climate policy are not immediately perceptible by many people; they learn about these topics through the media. Online media and social media take an increasingly important part in this. Especially for NGOs, who often lack in resources, the cost-effectiveness and variety of communication possibilities offered by online and social media makes them central instruments for mobilizing public opinion. The article provides an overview of the internet strategies of climate-focused NGOs. It distinguishes between three patterns of communication: information strategies through which environmental and climate NGOs present themselves, their goals and activities; activation strategies geared towards moving sympathizers to support and decision-makers to change their stance; and networking strategies by which NGOs link to one another or with activists at grassroots level. It becomes clear that climate NGOs employ a vast palette of different strategies, but many restrain themselves to mere information strategies, thereby neglecting more persuasive and mobilizing methods of online communication, for example in social media." (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2012
574. Climate Change and the Media
- Author
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Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, James, D, and Schäfer, Mike S
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business.industry ,Political economy of climate change ,Global warming ,Mediated communication ,Climate change ,Public relations ,3300 General Social Sciences ,Geography ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Content analysis ,Science communication ,Journalism ,business ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,Mass media - Abstract
Media communication – and the coverage of mass media such as TV, radio, newspapers, or the Internet in particular – is an important source for people's awareness of, and knowledge about, anthropogenic climate change. Accordingly, many scholars have analyzed the emergence, characteristics, uses, and effects of mediated communication about climate change in recent years. This article reviews the respective field, presents its major findings, and outlines future directions for research.
- Published
- 2015
575. Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field
- Author
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Inga Schlichting, Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
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business.industry ,Communication studies ,Climate change ,2301 Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Media relations ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Public relations ,Data science ,Mass communication ,Scholarship ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,2308 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Political science ,Science communication ,Social media ,business ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,Mass media - Abstract
A flurry of studies in recent years has analyzed the role of media in climate change communication. This article provides a systematic, large-scale, and up-to-date overview of the objects and characteristics of this research field through a meta-analysis. It identifies 133 relevant studies and analyzes them empirically. The results show that research activity has risen strongly over time, and that the analytical spectrum has expanded to include an increasing number of countries, more types of media including online and social media, and different methodological approaches. The analysis also demonstrates, however, that scholarship in the field still concentrates strongly on Western countries and print media.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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576. Mediated trust in science: concept, measurement and perspectives for the 'science of science communication'
- Author
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Mike Schäfer, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
- Subjects
Outline of social science ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Communication ,Political science ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Science communication ,Engineering ethics ,Science, technology, society and environment education ,Social science ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,3315 Communication - Abstract
Trust in science is, to a considerable extent, the outcome of communication. News and online media in particular are important mediators of trust in science. So far, however, conceptual works on mediated trust in science are lacking. Taking a cue from Weingart & Guenther, this commentary proposes a concept of mediated trust in science and for its measurement, and shows where it could be used in the science of science communication.
- Published
- 2016
577. Visuelle Konstruktionen von Klima und Klimawandel in den Medien:Ein Forschungsüberblick
- Author
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Grittmann, Elke, Neverla, Irene, and Schäfer, Mike S.
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Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft - Abstract
Im September 2011 berichtet der Spiegel über die kleine Nordseeinsel Hallig Gröde – ein mit insgesamt elf Bewohnern nicht unbedingt nachrichtenträchtiger Ort. Doch die kleine Insel, so der Tenor des Beitrags, könne möglicherweise existentiell vom Klimawandel betroffen werden. Sollte der Meeresspiegel steigen, wäre das der Untergang der Insel: Es droht das „Tonga in der Nordsee“ (Der Spiegel 2011: 40). Um diese mögliche Folge auch konkret vor Augen zu führen, eröffnet eine fotografische Aufnahme der Hallig Gröde bei Hochwasser den Artikel (s. Abb. 1). Solche Bilder von Hochwasserkatastrophen im eigenen Land begleiten die Klimaberichterstattung des Spiegel seit das Nachrichtenmagazin die „Klimakatastrophe“ 1986 auf den Titel setzte (s. Abb. 1, vgl. Weingart u. a. 2008): Das Titelbild der Ausgabe zeigt eine Fotomontage vom Kölner Dom, dessen Fundamente in der Vergangenheit immer wieder einmal von Hochwasser umspült worden waren. Nur noch Teile des Schiffs und die Türme ragen aus einer einzigen, unendlich erscheinenden Wasserfläche heraus. Die Symbolik ist eindeutig: Der Untergang des christlichen Abendlandes und seiner Kultur steht bevor.
- Published
- 2012
578. Fans als Gegenstand soziologischer Forschung: Einleitung
- Author
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Roose, Jochen, Roose, Jochen, Schäfer, Mike S., and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas
- Subjects
Konsum ,Identitätsbildung ,Sociology & anthropology ,fan ,Freizeitforschung, Freizeitsoziologie ,sociological theory ,Sozialstruktur ,social structure ,Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie ,participation ,research topic ,Cultural Sociology, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Literature ,emotionality ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,identity formation ,Leisure Research ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,fanaticism ,Sozialisation ,Emotionalität ,General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories ,consumption ,Partizipation ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,soziologische Theorie ,socialization ,Fanatismus ,Forschungsgegenstand ,Alltagssoziologie ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,everyday sociology ,Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie - Published
- 2010
579. Fans und Emotionen
- Author
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Mike S. Schäfer, Roose, Jochen, Schäfer, Mike S., and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas
- Subjects
situation ,Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie ,interaction ,emotion ,Macht ,kulturelle Faktoren ,social relations ,Sociology & anthropology ,soziale Beziehungen ,fan ,power ,Sozialstruktur ,social structure ,Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie ,0502 economics and business ,Emotionalität ,General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories ,sozialer Status ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Cultural Sociology, Sociology of Art, Sociology of Literature ,emotionality ,Gefühl ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Ethnology, Cultural Anthropology, Ethnosociology ,05 social sciences ,Interaktion ,cultural factors ,social status ,Alltagssoziologie ,050903 gender studies ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,ddc:300 ,everyday sociology ,0509 other social sciences ,ddc:301 ,050212 sport, leisure & tourism ,Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie - Abstract
Die Soziologie der Emotionen ist vergleichsweise jung. Entstanden in den USA der 1970er, fasste sie erst in den 1980ern in Deutschland Fuß, hat sich seither aber rasant entwickelt und verfügt mittlerweile über ein ansehnliches Theorien und Methodenrepertoire. Dieses Repertoire ist für die Analyse von Fans prädestiniert - schließlich stellen Emotionen ein konstitutives, vielleicht das konstitutive Charakteristikum von Fans dar, die von unterschiedlichen Autoren und auch in diesem Band als Personen verstanden werden, die sich vornehmlich durch ihre intensive emotionale Beziehung zu einem für sie externen Fanobjekt auszeichnen (vgl. die Einleitung in diesem Band sowie Fritzsche 2003: 265ff.; Hills 2002: 90; Schäfer/Roose 2005: 49; Winter 1993: 71). Entsprechend wird im Folgenden dargelegt, welche emotionssoziologischen Blickwinkel bereits für die Analyse von Fans genutzt wurden und welche dahingehend künftig fruchtbar sein könnten. Dazu werden zunächst die Grundperspektiven der Emotionssoziologie skizziert und anschließend auf Fans bezogen.
- Published
- 2010
580. Fans und Sozialisation
- Author
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Solvejg Jobst, Jan Skrobanek, University of Zurich, Roose, Jochen, Schäfer, Mike S, and Schmidt-Lux, Thomas
- Subjects
300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology ,10095 Institute of Sociology - Abstract
Die Beschaftigung mit dem Problemfeld Sozialisation, also mit dem Prozess, durch den Menschen ihre Personlichkeitsformung erfahren und zu handlungsfahigen Akteuren in einer spezifischen sozialen Umwelt werden, hat in den Sozialwissenschaften eine lange Tradition. Der Grundtenor ist hierbei, dass Menschen im Verlauf ihres Lebens zum einen lernen, sozial (vor)definierte Ziele zu ubernehmen und adaquate Mittel zu deren Erreichung einzusetzen (Merton 1995). In diesem Sinne wurde der Begriff Sozialisation erstmals im Oxford Dictionary von 1828 definiert: „to render social, to make fit for living in society“ (Clausen 1968: 21). Zum anderen lernen die Menschen im Prozess der Sozialisation, neue Ziele zu definieren und alternative Realisierungswege zu finden. Spricht man von Sozialisation, geht es somit nicht nur um die Anpassung an gesellschaftliche Erfordernisse, sondern ebenso im Sinne wechselseitiger Beeinflussung um die aktive Auseinandersetzung mit diesen gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen. Demnach verweist Sozialisation als „zweite soziokulturelle Geburt“ (Claessens 1979) auf eine komplexe und hoch dynamische Beziehung zwischen Gesellschaft und Personlichkeitsent-wicklung, zwischen Kontext und individuellem Handeln, zwischen der Subjektwerdung und den jeweils historisch variablen Umweltbedingungen.
- Published
- 2010
581. From public understanding to public engagement: an empirical assessment of changes in science coverage
- Author
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Mike S. Schäfer, University of Zurich, and Schäfer, Mike S
- Subjects
Public awareness of science ,Sociology and Political Science ,Underline ,business.industry ,Public relations ,Empirical assessment ,10240 Department of Communication and Media Research ,Content analysis ,3312 Sociology and Political Science ,Science communication ,Sociology ,Public engagement ,business ,070 News media, journalism & publishing ,Mass media ,Plural - Abstract
Science communication is said to have changed in the past decades. It is widely assumed that science is no longer merely transported and translated by the mass media to a passive audience, but “medialized”: Many authors believe that scientific issues are discussed extensively in the mass media nowadays, that these discussions are plural in its participants and in the arguments used, and that the issues at stake are evaluated controversially. It is still unclear, however, if this change applies to all science topics or only to some. The article at hand argues that science issues from different epistemic cultures can be expected to be “medialized” to different extents, and analyzes mass media coverage on stem cell research, human genome research, and neutrino research to underline this claim. The findings show that the described change only applies to some issues, and that further differentiation of the concept of “medialization” is necessary.
- Published
- 2009
582. How generative artificial intelligence portrays science: Interviewing ChatGPT from the perspective of different audience segments.
- Author
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Volk SC, Schäfer MS, Lombardi D, Mahl D, and Yan X
- Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence in general and ChatGPT in particular have risen in importance. ChatGPT is widely known and used increasingly as an information source for different topics, including science. It is therefore relevant to examine how ChatGPT portrays science and science-related issues. Research on this question is lacking, however. Hence, we simulate "interviews" with ChatGPT and reconstruct how it presents science, science communication, scientific misbehavior, and controversial scientific issues. Combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we find that, generally, ChatGPT portrays science largely as the STEM disciplines, in a positivist-empiricist way and a positive light. When comparing ChatGPT's responses to different simulated user profiles and responses from the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 versions, we find similarities in that the scientific consensus on questions such as climate change, COVID-19 vaccinations, or astrology is consistently conveyed across them. Beyond these similarities in substance, however, pronounced differences are found in the personalization of responses to different user profiles and between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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583. Conceptualizing platformed conspiracism: Analytical framework and empirical case study of BitChute and Gab.
- Author
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Mahl D, Zeng J, and Schäfer MS
- Abstract
This article introduces the notion of platformed conspiracism to conceptualize reconfigured forms of conspiracy theory communication as a result of the mutual shaping between platform specificities and emergent user practices. To investigate this relational socio-technological shaping, we propose a conceptual platform-sensitive framework that systematically guides the study of platformed conspiracism. To illustrate the application of the framework, we examine how platformed conspiracism unfolds on BitChute and Gab during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that both platforms have positioned themselves as technological equivalents to their "mainstream" counterparts, YouTube and Twitter, by offering similar interfaces and features. However, given their specific services, community-based and politically marketed business models, and minimalist approaches to content moderation, both platforms provide conspiracy propagators a fertile refuge through which they can diversify their presence and profit monetarily from their supply of conspiracy theories and active connection with their followers., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2024
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584. The plurivocal university: Typologizing the diverse voices of a research university on social media.
- Author
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Volk SC, Vogler D, Fürst S, and Schäfer MS
- Abstract
Science communication has diversified in the wake of the digital transformation of communication and media ecosystems. Social media enable universities, but also academics and institutions affiliated with them, to expand their communication. This leads to increasing plurivocality of universities, yet the many different voices remain largely unexplored. This study develops a typology to conceptually distinguish eight voices by their representational role, hierarchical embeddedness, type, and affiliation. Based on a quantitative content and social network analysis of more than 600 Twitter accounts linked to a research university, it identifies six types of voices empirically. The study compares interactions among these voices, showing differences between central and decentral, as well as institutional and individual voices, and highlighting closer exchanges between voices within the same disciplinary communities. It also examines topics and tonality, revealing that decentral institutional voices engage most in science-related topics, and that only current and former students express critical views., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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585. Engaging the public or asking your friends? Analysing science-related crowdfunding using behavioural and survey data.
- Author
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Hase V, Schäfer MS, Metag J, Bischofberger M, and Henry L
- Subjects
- Humans, Friends, Switzerland, Crowdsourcing methods
- Abstract
Science-related crowdfunding enables public engagement with science. However, we know little about citizens engaging with science this way: Who are the people engaging with and donating to science through crowdfunding - and how do they decide how much to give? This study analyses behavioural and survey data from the Swiss crowdfunding platform wemakeit ( N = 576). Results illustrate that a small, non-representative segment of the public engages with science through crowdfunding. Compared to the general public in Switzerland, these backers have an above-average education and income. Science-related crowdfunding mainly reaches citizens with an existing interest in science, personal ties to project initiators or the scientific community. The size of backers' donations correlates with perceived personal appeals in campaigns or connections to initiators rather than projects' scientific merit. While science-related crowdfunding thus opens up new avenues for public outreach by the scientific community, its potential for broader public engagement with science seems limited.
- Published
- 2022
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586. Who supports science-related populism? A nationally representative survey on the prevalence and explanatory factors of populist attitudes toward science in Switzerland.
- Author
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Mede NG, Schäfer MS, Metag J, and Klinger K
- Subjects
- Humans, Politics, Switzerland, Attitude, Science
- Abstract
Science and its epistemology have been challenged by science-related populism-a variant of populism suggesting that a virtuous "ordinary people," and not allegedly corrupt academic elites, should determine the "production of truth." Yet almost no studies have assessed the prevalence of science-related populist attitudes among the population and explanatory factors thereof. Based on a nationally representative survey in Switzerland, our study shows that only a minority of the Swiss exhibit science-related populist attitudes. Comparisons with reference studies suggest that these attitudes may be less prevalent in Switzerland than political populist attitudes. Those who hold stronger science-related populist attitudes tend to have no university education, less personal contact with science, lower scientific literacy, and higher interest in science. Additional analyses show that left-leaning citizens are less likely to hold science-related populist attitudes than moderate and right-leaning citizens. Our findings contribute to current debates about a potential fragmentation of science communication audiences and call for further research on the sociodemographic and attitudinal profiles of people with skeptical orientations toward science., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
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587. Conspiracy theories in digital environments: Moving the research field forward.
- Author
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Zeng J, Schäfer MS, and Oliveira TM
- Abstract
In the past few years, the discussion of conspiracy theories has embroiled researchers, politicians and the public alike. During the COVID-19 pandemic in particular, the term 'conspiracy theory' became a buzzword in the news media, public communication and everyday discussions. The pandemic also demonstrated that conspiratorial narratives disseminated online are not benign, obscure and eventually harmless ideas, but can mislead policy making, hinder crisis relief and public health efforts, or undermine trust in institutions and science. Factors contributing to the prevalence of conspiracy theories are complex and include psychological as well as socio-political factors. This special issue focuses specifically on the role of digital media and how they shape the dissemination and mitigation of, as well as research on, conspiracy theories. The special issue includes 13 research articles by authors from 11 countries and regions, which provide timely insights into the phenomenon of conspiracy theories with cross-cultural and cross-platform advances., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
- Published
- 2022
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588. Mapping mental models of science communication: How academics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland understand and practice science communication.
- Author
-
Kessler SH, Schäfer MS, Johann D, and Rauhut H
- Subjects
- Austria, Female, Germany, Humans, Switzerland, Communication, Models, Psychological
- Abstract
The mental models that individual scholars have of science communication - how it works, what it is supposed to achieve and so on - shape the way these academics actually communicate to the public. But these mental models, and their prevalence among scholars, have rarely been analysed. Drawing on a large-scale, representative web survey of academics at universities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland ( n = 15,778) from 2020, we identify three mental models that are prevalent among scholars, and that correspond to conceptual models found in science communication theory: 'Public Understanding of Science', 'Public Engagement with Science' and 'Strategic Science Communication'. The results suggest that the 'Strategic Science Communication' model is particularly prevalent among academics in precarious employment and female scholars. Extrinsically motivated academics, that is, those under pressure to win grants, also seem to use science communication more strategically. The 'Public Engagement' model is prevalent among older and female scholars, while 'Public Understanding' is particularly prevalent among scholars who find their work especially meaningful. Findings also reveal that academics' mental models largely align with the way they practice science communication.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
589. Are science communication audiences becoming more critical? Reconstructing migration between audience segments based on Swiss panel data.
- Author
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Klinger K, Metag J, Schäfer MS, Füchslin T, and Mede N
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland, Trust, Attitude, Communication
- Abstract
Over the past years, pundits, journalists, and others have diagnosed fundamental shifts in the public's perception of science. Many of them have posited that audiences are becoming more critical toward science or that people trust science less. However, systematic empirical analyses of such assertions are lacking. Based on panel survey data ( N = 339) and segmentation analysis, we investigate migration between four segments of the Swiss population over 3 years. We find that 45% of participants changed their attitude between 2016 and 2019 to such an extent that they got assigned to a more positive or more critical audience segment. The majority of them migrated to more critical segments, which is in line with assumptions of fundamental shifts in the public's perception of science.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
590. Science-related populism declining during the COVID-19 pandemic: A panel survey of the Swiss population before and after the Coronavirus outbreak.
- Author
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Mede NG and Schäfer MS
- Subjects
- Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Politics, SARS-CoV-2, Switzerland epidemiology, COVID-19, Pandemics
- Abstract
In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased public support for societal institutions including science, a phenomenon described as "rally-round-the-flag" dynamic. However, it is unclear if this dynamic has also reduced public resentment toward science such as science-related populist attitudes, that is, the preference of people's common sense over allegedly elitist scientific knowledge. We test this, relying on individual-level data from panel surveys before and during the pandemic in Switzerland. Results show that science-related populist attitudes decreased after the pandemic started. The decrease was more pronounced among people who had been strong supporters of science-related populism prior to the pandemic, but otherwise spread equally across different sociodemographic and attitudinal segments of the Swiss population. This shows that the Coronavirus outbreak has the potential to undermine persistent (populist) resentments toward science and its epistemology among the general population.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
591. Beyond the ivory tower: Measuring and explaining academic engagement with journalists, politicians and industry representatives among Swiss professorss.
- Author
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Rauchfleisch A, Schäfer MS, and Siegen D
- Subjects
- Administrative Personnel statistics & numerical data, Efficiency, Female, Humans, Leadership, Male, Politics, Switzerland, Ethnicity statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Scholars from different theoretical schools have posited that in recent decades, science and society have moved closer together, and the concept of academic engagement has been proposed to capture one part of this approximation empirically. This study analyzes the academic engagement of individual scholars towards politicians, industry representatives and journalists. It uses comprehensive survey data on Swiss professors from all disciplines, all the country's universities and from associated research institutes. It assesses, firstly, the degree to which these professors have professional contacts to journalists, politicians and industry representatives. Secondly, it explains the extent of these contacts, using multi-level modelling that incorporates individual factors as well as organizational and institutional contexts. Our study shows that academic engagement is quite common with strong differences between disciplines. Furthermore, professors with higher academic productivity, positive personal attitude towards communication activities as well as a leadership position have more outside contacts. The gender and nationality of the professors, however, only play a role for some of the contacts with non-scientific actors., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
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592. The "replication crisis" in the public eye: Germans' awareness and perceptions of the (ir)reproducibility of scientific research.
- Author
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Mede NG, Schäfer MS, Ziegler R, and Weißkopf M
- Subjects
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mass Media, Trust
- Abstract
Several meta-analytical attempts to reproduce results of empirical research have failed in recent years, prompting scholars and news media to diagnose a "replication crisis" and voice concerns about science losing public credibility. Others, in contrast, hoped replication efforts could improve public confidence in science. Yet nationally representative evidence backing these concerns or hopes is scarce. We provide such evidence, conducting a secondary analysis of the German "Science Barometer" ("Wissenschaftsbarometer") survey. We find that most Germans are not aware of the "replication crisis." In addition, most interpret replication efforts as indicative of scientific quality control and science's self-correcting nature. However, supporters of the populist right-wing party AfD tend to believe that the "crisis" shows one cannot trust science, perhaps using it as an argument to discredit science. But for the majority of Germans, hopes about reputational benefits of the "replication crisis" for science seem more justified than concerns about detrimental effects.
- Published
- 2021
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593. Lithuanians' perceptions of vaccination and their sources of information: a literature review.
- Author
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Valinciute A and Schäfer MS
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Lithuania, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Communicable Disease Control methods, Disease Transmission, Infectious prevention & control, Perception, Vaccination psychology, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, White People psychology, White People statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: Attitudes toward vaccination are important drivers of vaccination decisions and behavior. But researchers have pointed to the shortage of such studies on Eastern Europe., Methods: A literature review of 14 survey studies was conducted., Results: The review showed that Lithuanians' attitudes toward vaccines appear to be volatile with considerable discrepancy between views about the importance of vaccines and their perceived effectiveness and safety. Perceptions of vaccine risks are high, with Lithuanians challenging both specific vaccines (children's, flu) and vaccination in general. Lithuanians' perceptions of vaccine importance are among the lowest in the EU (23rd out of 28 countries)., Conclusions: Lithuanians do not entirely reject vaccines, but many are worried about their health impact. More studies are needed to explore vaccine perceptions in Lithuania and potential factors shaping those, like media representations.
- Published
- 2020
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594. Science-related populism: Conceptualizing populist demands toward science.
- Author
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Mede NG and Schäfer MS
- Subjects
- Humans, Attitude, Politics
- Abstract
Populism is on the rise in many countries. Scholars have stated that it is characteristic for political populism to describe society as a fundamental struggle between an allegedly virtuous people and political elites which are portrayed negatively. This anti-elitist sentiment not only targets politicians, however, but also other representatives of the alleged establishment-including scientists and scholarly institutions. But the specifics of such science-related populism have not yet been conceptualized. We aim to do so, integrating scholarship on political populism, the "participatory turn," and alternative epistemologies. We propose to conceptualize science-related populism as a set of ideas which suggests that there is a morally charged antagonism between an (allegedly) virtuous ordinary people and an (allegedly) unvirtuous academic elite, and that this antagonism is due to the elite illegitimately claiming and the people legitimately demanding both science-related decision-making sovereignty and truth-speaking sovereignty.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
595. "Space means Science, unless it's about Star Wars": A qualitative assessment of science communication audience segments.
- Author
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Koch C, Saner M, Schäfer MS, Herrmann-Giovanelli I, and Metag J
- Abstract
Scholars of science communication have identified population segments that differ in their perceptions of and attitudes toward science as well as in their patterns of science-related information and media use. So far, however, most of these studies employed quantitative, standardized methods and their descriptions could not go into qualitative detail. This study fills this gap: It delivers an in-depth description of members of four audience segments that were identified in a prior, representative survey in Switzerland. Forty-one of these survey respondents, representing different segments, were asked to note their encounters with science in smartphone-based diaries, and diary entries were discussed in qualitative follow-up interviews. Results show that the segments differ in their criteria for identifying science, expectations toward science, and their reasons to use science communication.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
596. Who wants to be a citizen scientist? Identifying the potential of citizen science and target segments in Switzerland.
- Author
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Füchslin T, Schäfer MS, and Metag J
- Abstract
Driven by the proliferation of digital media, citizen science - the involvement of non-scientists in scientific research - represents one of the most important recent developments in science communication as it brings science and the public closer together. So far, however, citizen science projects have mostly attracted people that are highly educated, mostly male and already have very positive attitudes towards science. Based on nationally representative survey data ( N = 1051), our study explores the potential of citizen science in Switzerland. Using regression analysis, we show that attitudes towards science are significant antecedents of respondents' interest in participating in citizen science - but that gender and education are not. In addition, latent class analysis identifies five segments, representing over one-third of the Swiss population, who are interested in citizen science and could potentially be engaged: 'Free-Timers', 'Senior Sciencephiles', 'Young Sciencephiles', 'Intrigued Adolescents' and 'Fully Employed Parents'. Additional description suggests that previously overlooked segments are best addressed online via YouTube or offline in zoos or botanical gardens. Overall, our analysis suggests that citizen science's potential is far higher than previous projects were able to realize.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
597. The different audiences of science communication: A segmentation analysis of the Swiss population's perceptions of science and their information and media use patterns.
- Author
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Schäfer MS, Füchslin T, Metag J, Kristiansen S, and Rauchfleisch A
- Abstract
Few studies have assessed whether populations can be divided into segments with different perceptions of science. We provide such an analysis and assess whether these segments exhibit specific patterns of media and information use. Based on representative survey data from Switzerland, we use latent class analysis to reconstruct four segments: the "Sciencephiles," with strong interest for science, extensive knowledge, and a pronounced belief in its potential, who use a variety of sources intensively; the "Critically Interested," also with strong interest and support for science but with less trust in it, who use similar sources but are more cautious toward them; the "Passive Supporters" with moderate levels of interest, trust, and knowledge and tempered perceptions of science, who use fewer sources; and the "Disengaged," who are not interested in science, do not know much about it, harbor critical views toward it, and encounter it-if at all-mostly through television.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
598. Selling science 2.0: What scientific projects receive crowdfunding online?
- Author
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Schäfer MS, Metag J, Feustle J, and Herzog L
- Abstract
Crowdfunding has emerged as an additional source for financing research in recent years. The study at hand identifies and tests explanatory factors influencing the success of scientific crowdfunding projects by drawing on news value theory, the "reputation signaling" approach, and economic theories of online payment. A standardized content analysis of 371 projects on English- and German-language platforms reveals that each theory provides factors influencing crowdfunding success. It shows that projects presented on science-only crowdfunding platforms have a higher success rate. At the same time, projects are more likely to be successful if their presentation includes visualizations and humor, the lower their targeted funding is, the less personal data potential donors have to relinquish and the more interaction between researchers and donors is possible. This suggests that after donors decide to visit a scientific crowdfunding platform, factors unrelated to science matter more for subsequent funding decisions, raising questions about the potential and implications of crowdfunding science.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
599. Global warming's five Germanys: A typology of Germans' views on climate change and patterns of media use and information.
- Author
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Metag J, Füchslin T, and Schäfer MS
- Subjects
- Attitude, Germany, Climate Change, Communication, Global Warming, Mass Media statistics & numerical data, Perception, Public Opinion
- Abstract
People's attitudes toward climate change differ, and these differences may correspond to distinct patterns of media use and information seeking. However, studies extending analyses of attitude types and their specific media diets to countries beyond the United States are lacking. We use a secondary analysis of survey data from Germany to identify attitudes toward climate change among the German public and specify those segments of the population based on their media use and information seeking. Similar to the Global Warming's Six Americas study, we find distinct attitudes (Global Warming's Five Germanys) that differ in climate change-related perceptions as well as in media use and communicative behavior. These findings can help tailor communication campaigns regarding climate change to specific audiences.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
600. Social Science in Society.
- Author
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Schäfer MS
- Subjects
- Humans, Science, Social Sciences
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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