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Executive Summary The aims of the current study are twofold: to explore health care professionals' attitudes to evidence based medicine (EBM), also called evidence based healthcare in general, and their attitudes to an EBM tool [name censored] to be applied specifically in a workers' compensation setting. The study had two components. First, a validated questionnaire was used to obtain specific information about practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding EBM. Second, detailed interviews were conducted that were transcribed and coded, to identify themes about EBM in general and with reference to its application in workers' compensation. Two hundred and thirty one health care practitioners (medical and non-medical) completed the on-line questionnaire and fifteen practitioners completed the detailed interview. Questionnaire findings Practitioners (n=231) from a wide range of relevant professional backgrounds participated in the study. Generally they were very experienced and most provided services to injured workers. They work in a variety of geographic regions and were split between public and private practice. Participants reported that 76% of their clinical practice was evidence based. They indicated to be well aware of the evidence-base in their field, they also felt confident and motivated to perform and adopt evidence-based practices. Health care practitioners perceived more difficulties around applying EBM. General practitioners were the professional group that reported greatest obstacles to applying EBM, although it should be noted that the number of

In het vuur van zijn pleidooi voor vernieuwing gaat het recente HiiL-rapport ‘Menselijk en rechtvaardig’ ervan uit dat jonge juristen alleen de ‘aloude regelsystemen’ leren, omdat het juridisch onderwijs geen ruimte biedt voor het leren over broodnoodzakelijke dingen zoals conflictanalyse, conflictoplossing en verbindende procedures. Wij hebben goed nieuws: die ruimte is er wél, en aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam is afgelopen jaar een complete, nieuwe afstudeerrichting gestart waarin zij volop wordt benut. Van juristen wordt in toenemende mate een moderne rol als proactieve probleemoplosser verwacht, waarbij niet alleen juridische kennis en vaardigheden, maar ook andere competenties en creativiteit noodzakelijk zijn. Denk aan de jurist als mediator, de maatschappelijke effectieve rechter, de advocaat als conflictanalist, procesbegeleider en onderhandelaar, en de responsieve en oplossingsgerichte gemeenteambtenaar. Gelet op deze nieuwe eisen die aan juristen gesteld worden, is de faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid van de VU in september 2016 de afstudeerrichting Conflicthantering, Rechtspraak en Mediation (CRM) gestart. Met deze opleiding biedt de faculteit als eerste juridische faculteit in Nederland een volledig masterprogramma rond dit actuele en belangrijke thema aan.

Article 13 of the Proposed EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market and the accompanying Recital 38 are amongst the most controversial parts of the European Commission's copyright reform package. Several Members States (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands and Germany) have submitted questions seeking clarification on aspects that are essential to the guarantee of fundamental rights in the EU and to the future of the Internet as an open communication medium. The following analysis discusses these questions in the light of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It offers guidelines and background information for the improvement of the proposed new legislation.

In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs in op de vraag of aanpassingen die geschieden met het oog op de transfer pricing regels in de vennootschapsbelasting invloed hebben op het uiteindelijke bedrag dat aan btw moet worden voldaan. De heffingen leven — gezien hun eigen doelstellingen en uiteenlopende momenten waarop de belastbaarheid wordt vastgesteld — behoorlijk langs elkaar heen. Dit neemt niet weg dat onder omstandigheden een transfer pricing correctie voor de vennootschapsbelasting een zodanige vorm aanneemt dat kan worden gesteld dat de transactiewaarde van de desbetreffende belastbare handeling (voor de btw) eveneens aanpassing behoeft.

De jurisprudentie van het Europese Hof van Justitie EU (hierna: het Hof), over het recht op vrije vestiging voor vennootschappen in de zin van art. 54 VWEU, heeft een interessante ontwikkeling laten zien. Daarover is al het nodige geschreven, ook in het WPNR. Tot de standaardarresten behoren de arresten inzake Daily Mail (HvJ EG 27 september 1988, C-81/87, ECLI:EU:C:1988:456), Centros (HvJ EG 9 maart 1999, C-212/97, EU:C:1999:126), Überseering (HvJ EG 5 november 2002, C-208/00), Inspire Art (HvJ EG 30 september 2003, C-167/01, EU:C:2003:512), Sevic (HvJ EG 13 december 2005, zaak C-411/03) en Cartesio (HvJ EG 16 december 2008, zaak C-210/06, ECLI:EU:C:2008:723), National Grid Indus (HvJ EU 29 november 2011, zaak C-371/10, ECLI:EU:C:2011:785) en VALE (HvJ EU, 12 juli 2012, zaak C-378/10, EU:C:2012:440). Aan dit lijstje kan een nieuw arrest worden toegevoegd: het arrest van het Hof van 25 oktober 2017, inzake Polbud – Wykonawstwo sp. z o.o., hVj eu 25 oktober 2017,C-106/16 ECLI:EU:C:2017:804, in liquidatie, of korter: Polbud.

In de literatuur wordt geconstateerd dat zakelijke mediation relatief weinig wordt gebruikt. Vaak wordt die observatie gevolgd door de stelling dat mediation eigenlijk vaker gebruikt zou moeten worden, omdat het geacht wordt grote commerciële voordelen te hebben. Dat is niet alleen een in de literatuur veelgehoorde opvatting. Ook in verschillende passages van de memorie van toelichting bij het (inmiddels ingetrokken) wetsvoorstel Mediation staan passages van die strekking. Een interessant domein in dit verband is de Amsterdamse Zuidas-advocatuur. Vrijwel alle vooraanstaande nationale en internationale zakelijke advocatenkantoren hebben hier inmiddels hun hoofdvestiging. De Zuidasadvocatuur vormt de top van de Nederlandse zakelijke geschillenpiramide. Particulieren en het midden- en kleinbedrijf zijn binnen deze kantoren nauwelijks vertegenwoordigd. Het archetypische Zuidasgeschil speelt zich af tussen middelgrote en grote ondernemingen. Voor onderzoek naar een realistisch verwachtingspatroon over zakelijke mediation is die Zuidas-advocatuur dus interessant. Het is nog niet zo eenvoudig om aan dit domein bruikbare empirische gegevens te onttrekken. Een van de manie‐ ren om meer te weten te komen, is het houden van interviews. Dit artikel is het verslag van interviews met ‘Zuidas-advocaten’. Het stuk wordt afgesloten met een aantal beschouwingen naar aanleiding van de interviews.

Hoe vallen de feitelijke ontwikkelingen in de bestuursrechtspraak te waarderen in het licht van de oorspronkelijke doelstelling van oplossingsgerichtheid?

Background Problems may arise during the approval process of treatment after a compensable work injury, which include excess paperwork, delays in approving services, disputes, and allegations of over-servicing. This is perceived as undesirable for injured people, health care professionals and claims managers, and costly to the health care system, compensation system, workplaces and society. Introducing an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) decision tool in the workers’ compensation system could provide a partial solution, by reducing uncertainty about effective treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes of health care professionals (HCP) to the potential implementation of an EBM tool in the workers’ compensation setting. Methods The study has a mixed methods design. The quantitative study consisted of an online questionnaire asking about self-reported knowledge, attitudes and behaviour to EBM in general. The qualitative study consisted of interviews about an EBM tool being applied in the workers’ compensation process. Participants were health care practitioners from different clinical specialties. They were recruited through the investigators’ clinical networks and the workers’ compensation government regulator’s website. Results Participants completing the questionnaire (n = 231) indicated they were knowledgeable about the evidence-base in their field, but perceived some difficulties when applying EBM. General practitioners reported having the greatest obstacles to applying EBM. Participants who were interviewed (n = 15) perceived that an EBM tool in the workers’ compensation setting could potentially have some advantages, such as reducing inappropriate treatment, or over-servicing, and providing guidance for clinicians. However, participants expressed substantial concerns that the EBM tool would not adequately reflect the impact of psychosocial factors on recovery. They also highlighted a lack of timeliness in decision making and proper assessment, particularly in pain management. Conclusions Overall, HCP are supportive of EBM, but have strong concerns about implementation of EBM based decision making in the workers’ compensation setting. The participants felt that an EBM tool should not be applied rigidly and should take into account clinical judgement and patient variability and preferences. In general, the treatment approval process in the workers’ compensation insurance system is a sensitive area, in which the interaction between HCP and claims managers can be improved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0460-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Actualisering

Context. - Low back pain is a frequent and costly health problem. Prevention of low back pain is important bath for the individual patient and from an economic perspective. Objective. - To assess the efficacy of lumbar supports and education in the prevention of low back pain in industry. Design. - A randomized controlled trial with a factorial design. Setting. - The cargo department of an airline company in the Netherlands. Participants. - total of 312 workers were randomized, of whom 282 were available for the 6- month follow-up. Interventions. - Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (1) education (lifting instructions) and lumbar support, (2) education, (3) lumbar support, and (4) no intervention. Education consisted of 3 group sessions on lifting techniques with a total duration of 5 hours. Lumbar supports were recommended to be used during working hours for 6 months. Main Outcome Measures. - Low back pain incidence and sick leave because of back pain during the 6-month intervention period. Results. - Compliance with wearing the lumbar support at least half the time was 43%. In the 282 subjects for whom data were available, no statistically significant differences in back pain incidence (48 [36%] of 134 with lumbar support vs 51 [34%] of 148 without, P = .81) or in sick leave because of low back pain (mean, 0.4 days per month with lumbar support vs 0.4 days without, P = .52) were found among the intervention groups. In a subgroup of subjects with low back pain at baseline, lumbar supports reduced the number of days with low back pain per month (median, 1.2 vs 6.5 days per month; P = .03). Conclusions. - Overall, lumbar supports or education did not lead to a reduction in low back pain incidence or sick leave. The results of the subgroup analysis need to be confirmed by future research. Based on our results, the use of education or lumbar supports cannot be recommended in the prevention of low back pain in industry.

De plaats van mediation in het conflicthanteringspalet van de overheid. waarom bestaat er weerstand tegen "formele" mediation?

Beschrijft het gedrag van overheden in conflict en reikt de sleutel aan om dit gedrag om te buigen naar constructiviteit

Boekbespreking

Background: It has been suggested that drugpaired stimuli (S+) control addictive behaviour by eliciting an explicit mental representation or expectation of drug availability. Aims: The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis by determining whether the behavioural control exerted by a tobacco-paired S+ in human smokers would depend upon the S+ eliciting an explicit expectation of tobacco. Design: In each trial, human smokers (n=16) were presented with stimuli for which attention was measured with an eyetracker. Participants then reported their cigarette reward expectancy before performing, or not, an instrumental tobacco-seeking response that was rewarded with cigarette gains if the S+ had been presented or punished with cigarette losses if the S- had been presented. Following training, participants rated the pleasantness of stimuli. Results: The S+ only brought about conditioned behaviour in an aware group (those who expected the cigarette reward outcome when presented with the S+). This aware group allocated attention to the S+, performed the instrumental tobacco-seeking response selectively in the presence of the S+ and rated the S+ as pleasant. No conditioned behaviour was seen in the unaware group (those who did not expect the cigarette reward outcome in the presence of the S+). Conclusions: Drug-paired stimuli control selective attention, instrumental drug-seeking behaviour and positive emotional state by eliciting an explicit expectation of drug availability.