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The spectrum of excitonic excited states in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells of different width is studied together with its change due to the screening of electron–hole interaction by two-dimensional electrons. The exciton binding energy decreases sharply with an increase in the concentration of two-dimensional electrons. The temperature dependence of screening parameters is studied for the ground and excited excitonic states down to ultralow temperatures T = 50 mK. © 2002 MAIK “Nauka / Interperiodica”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the experimental discovery of "superluminal" electromagnetic 2D plasma waves in the electromagnetic response of a high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron system on a dielectric substrate. We measure the plasma wave spectrum on samples with different electron density. It is established that, at large two-dimensional densities, there is a strong hybridization between the plasma and the Fabry-Perot light modes. In the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, the plasma resonance is shown to split into two modes, each corresponding to a particular sense of circular polarization. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Letter, plasmon damping has been investigated using resonant microwave absorption of two-dimensional electrons in disks with different diameters. We have found an unexpected drastic reduction of the plasmon damping in the regime of strong retardation. This finding implies large delocalization of the retarded plasmon field outside the plane of the two-dimensional electron system. A universal relationship between the damping of plasmon polariton waves and the retardation parameter is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron spin resonance (ESR) of two-dimensional electrons confined in a high-quality, 16-nm AlAs quantum well was investigated near the filling factor ν = 2/3 of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). The spin resonance was robust in the vicinity of the fractional filling ν = 2/3, indicating that the ν = 2/3 state is at least partially spin polarized. The formation of the 2/3 FQHE state did not result in any modifications of the ESR linewidth and, hence, of the electron spin relaxation rate. Yet the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate extracted from the time decay of the ESR Overhauser shift demonstrated a strong nonmonotonic dependence on the electron filling factor with a minimum near ν = 2/3. This observation suggests the enhancement of the energy gap in the spin excitation spectrum of two-dimensional electrons at the ν = 2/3 state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant microwave absorption of a two-dimensional electron system in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure excited by a near-field technique was investigated. Along with collective magnetoplasmon modes, we observed resonance that precisely follows the cyclotron resonance (CR) position and revealed no signs of a collective plasma depolarization shift. We show that the discovered CR mode is absent in the Faraday geometry, and it is localized at the edge of the exciting metal electrode. Such behavior points in favor of the single-particle Azbel'-Kaner nature of the discovered resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant microwave absorption of two-dimensional electron systems in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a single Corbino disk geometry has been studied. Axisymmetric dark plasmon modes have been excited using a near-field excitation technique, and their magnetodispersion have been determined in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. Plasma excitations observed have been compared to bright plasmon modes in a single disk of identical geometry. Dark plasmon modes have been found to have considerably longer lifetimes compared to bright plasmon modes due to the inhibition of superradiant losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave-induced resistance oscillations were studied in a number of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and heterojunctions of various electron sheet densities n. The effective mass m* extracted from the oscillations period demonstrated strong nonmonotonic dependence on n. At low densities m* was greatly enhanced (heavier than the cyclotron mass) and abruptly decreased with increasing n. Such behavior exhibited by the effective mass at low n is clearly of many-particle origin. The minimal values of m* were observed at moderate densities and were lower than the cyclotron mass in full consistency with earlier publications by other groups. The increase of the effective mass observed at high densities can be ascribed to the nonparabolicity of the conduction band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation was conducted in an asymmetrically doped to n ~ 1.8 × 1011 cm-2 16 nm AlAs quantum well grown in the [ 001 ] direction. The dynamic polarization of nuclear spins due to a hyperfine interaction resulted in the so-called Overhauser shift of two-dimensional conduction electron spin resonance. The maximum shifts achieved in the experiments are several orders of magnitude smaller than in GaAs-based heterostructures, indicating that the hyperfine interaction is weak. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time extracted from the decay of the Overhauser shift over time turned out to depend on the filling factor of the two-dimensional electron system. This observation indicates that nuclear spin-lattice relaxation is mostly due to the interaction between electron and nuclear spins. The Overhauser shift diminishes resonantly when the rf radiation of certain frequencies was applied to the sample. This effect served as an indirect, yet powerful, method for nuclear magnetic resonance detection: NMR quadrupole splitting of 75As nuclei was clearly resolved. Theoretical calculations performed describe well these experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonant optical excitation was used to create a macroscopic nonequilibrium ensemble of ?dark? excitons with an unprecedented long lifetime in a two-dimensional electron system placed in a quantizing magnetic field. Exotic three-particle and four-particle states, plasmarons and plasmon-exciton molecules, coupled with the surrounding electrons through the collective plasma oscillations are engineered. Plasmarons and plasmon-exciton molecules are manifested as new features in the recombination spectra of nonequilibrium systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutral excitations in two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) confined at Mgx Zn1-x O/ZnO heterojunctions were studied by a resonant inelastic light scattering (ILS) technique. At zero magnetic field the ILS spectra of intra- and intersubband collective excitations are detected in the wavelength range close to the ZnO direct band gap. The intersubband spectrum is represented by collective modes of charge- and spin-density excitations along with single-particle excitation continuum. The energies of these excitations were characterized on the series of samples and shown to grow sublinearly with the two-dimensional electron density. The intrasubband 2D plasmon was observed at plasma frequency and its square-root momentum dispersion was ascertained. Strong electron-electron correlations are manifested in the energy structure of intersubband excitations. Depolarization and excitonic contributions to the charge- and spin-density excitation energies are extracted in the wide range of 2D-electron densities. The negative excitonic contribution dominates among the many-particle energy terms and results in an unusual hierarchy of 2DES intersubband collective excitation energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental and theoretical studies of the coherent spin dynamics of two-dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs electron gas were performed. The system in the quantum Hall ferromagnet state exhibits a spin relaxation mechanism that is determined by many-particle Coulomb interactions. In addition to the spin exciton with changes in the spin quantum numbers of δS=δSz=-1, the quantum Hall ferromagnet supports a Goldstone spin exciton that changes the spin quantum numbers to δS=0 and δSz=-1, which corresponds to a coherent spin rotation of the entire electron system to a certain angle. The Goldstone spin exciton decays through a specific relaxation mechanism that is unlike any other collective spin state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of the pseudospin ferromagnetism with the aid of an electrically detected electron spin resonance in a wide AlAs quantum well containing a high quality two-dimensional electron system. Here, pseudospin emerges as a two-component degree of freedom, that labels degenerate energy minima in momentum space populated by electrons. The built-in mechanical strain in the sample studied imposes a finite "Zeeman" splitting between the pseudospin "up" and "down" states. Because of the anisotropy of the electron spin splitting we were able to independently measure the electron spin resonances originating from the two in-plane valleys. By analyzing the relative resonance amplitudes, we were able to investigate the ferromagnetic phase transitions taking place at integer filling factors of the quantum Hall effect when the magnetic field is tilted. The pseudospin nature of these transitions is demonstrated.

A linear scanning system utilizing constant wave 280 GHz radiation has been developed and characterized. The system comprises a linear array of detectors based on a unique plasma wave approach in terahertz sensing, an impact ionization avalanche transit-time-diode signal generator coupled to a frequency multiplier and an optical system. The performed tests allowed us to estimate the resolution of the system reaching the value of 2.3 mm and to determine the dynamic range of the system to be around 200. The imaging capabilities of the scanner were tested in realistic cases of non-destructive testing and security screening.

Two-dimensional electron systems in a quantizing magnetic field are regarded as of exceptional interest, considering the possible role of anyons-quasiparticles with non-boson and non-fermion statistics-in applied physics. To this day, essentially none but the fractional states of the quantum Hall effect (FQHE) have been experimentally realized as a system with anyonic statistics. In determining the thermodynamic properties of anyon matter, it is crucial to gain insight into the physics of its neutral excitations. We form a macroscopic quasi-equilibrium ensemble of neutral excitations - spin one anyon complexes in the Laughlin state ν = 1/3, experimentally, where ν is the electron filling factor. The ensemble is found to have such a long lifetime that it can be considered the new state of anyon matter. The properties of this state are investigated by optical techniques to reveal its Bose properties., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

We report on optical visualization of spin propagation more than 100 µm. We present an electronic system in a new state of aggregation, the magnetofermionic condensate, in which the lowest-energy spin excitations - photoexcited spin-triplet magnetoexcitons - freely propagate over long distances, in the order of a millimeter, which implies non-diffusion spin transport. Our results open up a completely new system suitable for spintronic devices.

Temperature-dependent reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra are studied for undoped ultra-wide 150 and 250 nm GaAs quantum wells. It is shown that spectral features previously attributed to a size quantization of the exciton motion in the z-direction coincide well with energies of quantized levels for light holes. Furthermore, optical spectra reveal very similar properties at temperatures above the exciton dissociation point.

Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy discloses a novel type of cyclotron spin-flip excitation in a quantum Hall system around the nu = 1/3 filling. The excitation energy follows qualitatively the degree of electron spin polarization, reaching a maximum value at nu = 1/3. This characterizes the new excitation as a nu = 1/3 ferromagnet eigenmode. The mode energy exceeds drastically the theoretical prediction obtained within the renowned single-mode approximation. We develop a new theoretical approach where the basis set is extended by adding a double-exciton component representing the cyclotron magnetoplasmon and spin wave coupled together. This double-mode approximation, inferred to be responsible for substantially reducing the gap between theoretical and experimental results, shows that the cyclotron spin-flip excitation is effectively a four-particle state.

We report an inelastic light scattering study of the cyclotron spin-flip mode in the two-dimensional electron system at filling nu=1. The energy of this mode can serve as a probe of the many-body exchange interaction on short length scales. Its magnetic field dependence is compared with predictions based on Hartree-Fock theory. They agree well when including the nonzero width of the electron system. From the measured energies, the exchange enhanced g factor is extracted. It diverges at small fields and differs largely from g factors obtained via transport activation studies.

We observe a new type of magneto-oscillations in the photovoltage and the longitudinal resistance of a two-dimensional electron system. The oscillations are induced by microwave radiation and are periodic in magnetic field. The period is determined by the microwave frequency, the electron density, and the distance between potential probes. The phenomenon is accounted for by interference of coherently excited edge magnetoplasmons in the contact regions and offers perspectives for developing new tunable microwave and terahertz detection schemes and spectroscopic techniques.

It is occasionally possible to interpret strongly interacting many-body systems within a single-particle framework by introducing suitable fictitious entities, or 'quasi-particles'. A notable recent example of the successful application of such an approach is for a two-dimensional electron system that is exposed to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. The conduction properties of the system are governed by electron-electron interactions, which cause the fractional quantum Hall effect. Composite fermions, electrons that are dressed with magnetic flux quanta pointing opposite to the applied magnetic field, were identified as apposite quasi-particles that simplify our understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect. They precess, like electrons, along circular cyclotron orbits, but with a diameter determined by a reduced effective magnetic field. The frequency of their cyclotron motion has hitherto remained enigmatic, as the effective mass is no longer related to the band mass of the original electrons and is entirely generated from electron-electron interactions. Here we demonstrate enhanced absorption of a microwave field in the composite fermion regime, and interpret it as a resonance with the frequency of their circular motion. From this inferred cyclotron resonance, we derive a composite fermion effective mass that varies from 0.7 to 1.2 times that of the electron mass in vacuum as their density is tuned from 0.6 x 10(11) cm(-2) to 1.2 x 10(11) cm(-2).