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The relationships between body fatness, fat distribution and blood pressure (BP) were studied in 234 women and 238 men, aged 18-50 years. In both sexes, subcutaneous (s.c.) fat (assessed by the measurement of s.c. skinfolds) and percent body fat (measured by underwater weighing) were correlated significantly with diastolic (0.27 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.37, p less than 0.0005) and systolic (0.17 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.29, p less than 0.01) BP. In either sex, the proportion of s.c. trunk fat as reflected by the ratio of trunk/extremity skinfolds showed significant associations with diastolic (men: r = 0.35, women: r = 0.20, p less than 0.01) and systolic BP (men: r = 0.15, women: r = 0.17, p less than 0.05). Control for the effects of covariables potentially affecting BP (energy intake, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and age) revealed significant effects of age and alcohol intake on BP in men. In women, only age appeared to be associated with BP variation. Partial correlations after control for age and alcohol intake indicated a significant association between the trunk/extremity skinfolds ratio and diastolic BP in men. Such a correlation was not found in women after control for the effect of age. Analysis of variance (2 x 2 factorial with fixed effects) confirmed that, in men, the distribution of s.c. body fat was, per se, associated with diastolic BP (F = 8.43, p less than 0.01), whereas the proportional of s.c. trunk fat was not related to systolic BP in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In order to assess the functioning of the pivoting disc of the Lillehei-Kaster prosthetic valve, a cinefluoroscopic technique using multiple angulations was developed. The disc was detected in 240 (99%) of the 242 valves studied (126 aortic, 107 mitral, and nine tricuspid valves). The maximal-opening angle of the disc was measured in 75% of the aortic but only 20% of the mitral valve prostheses in the 182 valve studies in which this was attempted. Prosthetic dysfunctions were suspected clinically in three aortic and three tricuspid valves and confirmed with the cinefluoroscopic technique. This cinefluoroscopic approach constitutes a rapid, noninvasive, and sensitive evaluation of the function of the Lillehei-Kaster prosthetic valve in the aortic position.