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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of sustainable innovation and disruptive innovation on sustainable supply chain performance of manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The study also examined the moderating role of supply chain clockspeed in the relationship between sustainable innovation, disruptive innovation and sustainable supply chain performance. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from 231 respondents in manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using the partial least square-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Findings: The findings revealed that sustainable innovation and disruptive innovation had a significant and positive effect on sustainable supply chain performance. Supply chain clockspeed moderated the relationship between sustainable innovation and sustainable supply chain performance. The findings also identified that there was no moderating effect on the relationship between disruptive innovation and sustainable supply chain performance. Research limitations/implications: This study merely focuses on sustainable supply chain performance in Malaysian manufacturing firms. Samples from manufacturing firms in Malaysia were used in the current study, and the outcomes may vary for different nations. Practical implications: To increase the firm's commercial success, it is necessary to promote sustainable supply chain practices, including supply chain clockspeed, sustainable innovation and disruptive innovation. Originality/value: This study adds to the body of knowledge by explaining the positive influence of sustainable innovation and disruptive innovation on sustainable supply chain performance in Malaysian manufacturing firms while also emphasizing the moderating role of supply chain clockspeed in this relationship. The contribution of this study could enable managers to develop sustainable supply chain performance in the manufacturing sector, based on sustainable innovation, disruptive innovation and supply chain clockspeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research is to determine the effect of key processing parameters of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor on the components concentration of the fuel gas produced during the biomass gasification. By changing key processing parameters such as plasma input power, flow rate, and temperature, the performance of the DBD reactor is assessed. When the power is increased from 5 to 40 W, the concentrations of CO 2 and H 2 decrease to 12.9% and 18.5%, respectively, while the concentration of CO increases to 17.2%. At 40 W and 65 ml/min, the amount of tar compound significantly drops from 33 g/Nm3 to less than 1 g/Nm3. However, as input power increases, the concentration of C 1 –C 5 hydrocarbons also tends to rise. The highest concentration of C 1 –C 5 was around 0.60% at 40 W. As the flow rate increases, the concentration of CO 2 increases while the concentration of CO tends to decrease at all measured power levels, the maximum concentration of CO 2 was at 120 ml/min, whereas the minimum concentration of CO is seen under same conditions. With an increase in flow rate, the concentration of CH 4 shows a decreasing tendency. It is seen that at 40 W, the concentration of CO and H 2 drops as the temperature rises up to 400 °C. In contrast, there is a rising trend in the concentration of CO 2 , CH 4 , and tar compounds while increasing temperature. Hence, the DBD reactor appears to have a profound influence on a gas component produced during biomass gasification. • The DBD reactor has a significant impact on the concentration of product gas. • The amount of tar compound decreased from 33g/Nm3 to less than 1g/Nm3. • The concentration of CO increased to 17.2% at 40 W. • The higher temperature increased the CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A review on biomass pyrolysis oil using shape selective microporous zeolites. • Historic evaluation of research was analyzed using bibliometric analysis. • Reaction pathways for different zeolites for bio-oil upgradation are presented. • Challenges and recommendation suggested the way forward. Biomass pyrolysis is one of the cleaner ways to produce bioenergy focusing on bio-oil. The high oxygen content of oxygen in bio-oil limits its application in transportation applications. The deoxygenation of bio-oil using various catalyst systems is required to upgrade the bio-oil. Herein, we presented the scientometric analysis of microporous zeolites for deoxygenation of biomass-derived bio-oil. The state of the art review of biomass catalytic deoxygenation using zeolite-based materials is elucidated. A special focus on the role of catalyst physicochemical properties and degree of deoxygenation is Furthermore, the reaction pathways for different zeolites for bio-oil upgradation are presented. Finally, the technology readiness level is assessed and future recommendations are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient two-dimensional (2D) nanocatalyst for the aerobic oxidation of amines, consisting of ruthenium-exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (Ru@E-MoS2), was investigated. As-synthesized Ru@E-MoS2 yielded the nitriles from various aromatic, aliphatic, allylic, and heteroatomic amines with high selectivity in molecular oxygen as terminal oxidants. The Ru@E-MoS2 experienced an improved catalytic activity for benzylamine and p-substituted benzylamine derivatives and produced good turnover numbers (TONs) for aliphatic amines. Moreover, the heterogeneous Ru@E-MoS2 nanocatalyst maintained its catalytic performance for five cycles of benzylamine oxidation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the rate of complications of Plastibell and bone cutter circumcision technique and recognition of top worries and satisfaction rate in the mind of parents before and after the procedure of Plastibell device (PD) circumcision in infants less than 6 months of age. Methods: It was a descriptive prospective study conducted at department of surgery Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Two hundred parents of infants of less than six months of age were recruited for this study. Infants were divided into two equal groups. Group I included Plastibell circumcision technique and Group II included Bone Cutter Circumcision technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 17. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test was used to compare quantitative and qualitative variables respectively. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant difference. Results: Total number of two hundred infants were included in this study. Most common worries of parents about Plastibell Device circumcision were; fear of fever (42.0%). Fear of pain and bleeding (66.0%). Plastibell Device method was associated with less operation time and bleeding as compared to bone cutter method (P-value <0.0001 and <0.0001 respectively). Incidence of complications other than bleeding and infection was 3.0% in bone cutter method and 1.0% in Plastibell device method. Pain score was significantly less in plastibell device group (p-value <0.0001). Post-operatively, 98% parents showed complete procedural satisfaction in Plastibell group versus 87% parents in bone cutter one month after surgery (P-value 0.003). About 4% parents in bone cutter method group showed cosmetic displeasure versus only 1% parents in plastibell device group. Conclusion: The study concluded that Plastibell Device circumcision is a safer technique for circumcision and is associated with highest level of parent's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rampant global energy demand is predominantly met by fossil fuels, resulting in the reduction of their supply and an alarming increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These two challenges have fascinated the scientific community in finding solutions to these problems. Hydrogen (H 2) as an energy carrier is considered as one of the solutions to address the challenges. Methane (CH 4) decomposition is considered a favourable technology for the production of H 2 and valuable by-products in the form of carbon nanomaterial. The H 2 could be directly used for various applications such as fuel cell technology, transportation fuel, and for the synthesis of chemicals such as ammonia (NH 3) and methanol (CH 3 OH). In the current scenario, demand for CO x -free H 2 has increased on an annual basis, either in terms of quantity or number of applications and the thermo-catalytic methane decomposition (CDM) process is gaining more attention to produce H 2. To improve the H 2 yield and quality of the structured carbon by-product, various approaches involving the catalyst and process parameters have been investigated. This review critically discusses various conventional and novel catalyst systems to identify the recent progress for CDM and the way forward. Furthermore, reactor system configurations powered by conventional and renewable energy sources for methane decomposition, as well as their working principles, technical advantages, and limitations are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the various potential applications of carbon nanomaterial are briefly devised. [Display omitted] 1. The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM)is reviewed 2. Performance-based catalysts are summarized for CDM 3. Reactor configuration is thoroughly presented based on performance and catalyst incorporation 4. Solar and plasma based novel reactors are critically presented 5. CDM produced carbon material utilisation in novel application is highlighted [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the co-pyrolysis behavior of bituminous coal (100%BC), algae consortium (100%AC), and their blends at various blending ratios. The pure and coal-biomass blends were characterized using CHN-S, GCV, and FTIR analysis. Whereas, the co-pyrolysis of blends were performed in a TGA. The deviation between the experimental and calculated values of weight loss (WL%), the residue left (RL%), and the maximum rate of weight loss (wt%/min) was used to calculate the synergistic effects. Kinetic parameters were investigated using the Coats-Redfern integral method through eighteen (18) reaction mechanistic models. The activation energy (E a) for 100%BC was 85.04 kJ/mol through the F3 model, whilst for 100%AC showed 78.22 kJ/mol using the D3 model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Enthalpy (∆ H) and Gibbs free energy (∆ G) showed positive values, while Entropy (∆ S) was negative for each coal-biomass blend. The catalytic co-pyrolysis of the optimum blend (20BCE-80AC) was studied using CeO 2 loaded MgNiAl (CeO 2 @MNA) as a multifunctional catalyst. The increased WL% displayed a positive effect toward a higher yield of volatile matter. E a of the optimum blend in co-pyrolysis was further reduced through catalytic co-pyrolysis a nd E a in the first and second stages was 72.48 kJ/mol and 13.76 kJ/mol, while 3 wt% catalyst loading further reduced its E a in both stages to 67.82 kJ/mol and 41.21 kJ/mol. The use of CeO 2 @MNA at 3 wt% loading showed a reduction in the peak devolatilization temperature (T p) of the optimum blend substantially increasing the reaction rate, and reducing the E a required for the decomposition process. [Display omitted] • Bituminous coal–algae consortium blends were prepared at different blending ratios for synergistic effect. • Kinetics & thermodynamic parameters were calculated by Coats-Redfern integral method. • Catalytic co-pyrolysis of an optimum blend using CeO 2 @MNA catalyst was investigated. • 3 wt% further reduced the E a of optimum blend through catalytic co-pyrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the frequency of hematological and non-hematological disorders found on bone marrow examination in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at the pathology department of Khyber Medical College and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from Jan to Dec 2013. A total of 157 patients were included in this study. Bone marrow aspiration was done, stained and examined. Results: Out of 157 patients, 30 patients (19.1%) had leukemia, 26 (16.6%) had megaloblastic anemia, ITP was present in 26 patients (16.6%), 18 patients (11.5%) showed normal bone marrow, 17 patients (10.8%) had evidence of hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia was present in 9 patients (5.7%), iron deficiency anemia was seen in 9 patients (5.7%), anemia of chronic disorder was present in 08 patients (5.1%), hypersplenism was present in 05 patients (3.2%), metastatic lesions, PNH and visceral leishmaniasis was present in 2 patients (1.3%) each. Malaria, myelofibrosis and evidence of hemoglobinopathies was found in 01 patient( 0.6%) each. Conclusion: Anemia was the commonest disorder amongst non-malignant disorders and leukemia was the commonest malignant disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are dense, spherical structures containing filamentous cyanobacteria, microalgae, and non-phototrophic bacteria. Besides hydrostatic batch conditions, OPGs can be produced directly from activated sludge under illuminated hydrodynamic batch conditions. The role of Fe in these hydrodynamic batch conditions is still unknown. In this study, four replicate hydrodynamic batches with two times diluted Amherst and Hadley activated sludges were operated under continuous illumination (126 ± 9 µmol/m2-s) and mixing (20 rpm) for a period of 19 days. Illumination and initial anaerobic condition development led to the rapid release of Fe, especially Fe (II), into the bulk liquids. However, this Fe pool quickly declined and remained at overall steady values. The Fe linked with biomass-bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS-Fe) continued to decline during batches and eventually reached stable levels. Cyanobacterial growth exhibited moderate to strong negative correlations to both bEPS and bulk-liquid Fe pools whereas microalgal growth showed more dependence on bulk-liquid Fe compared to bEPS-Fe. The Fe distribution analysis revealed higher Fe content in the biomass pellet fraction, followed by bEPS extract and bulk liquid fraction. Increases in the level of pelletized Fe, over the course of photogranulation, are likely due to increases in intracellular Fe content. Overall, the study demonstrates that the limitation of available Fe in bEPS and bulk liquid fractions encouraged the formation of photogranules in hydrodynamic batch conditions. These observations are similar to earlier reported batch hydrostatic cultivation, which further supports the shared photogranulation phenomena in the two batch conditions. [Display omitted] • Fate and dynamics of Fe during the progression of photogranulation in hydrodynamic batch cultivation was studied • Initial anaerobic condition prompted the release of Fe in bulk liquid which rapidly decreased and reached low steady state. • bEPS-Fe pool declined and ultimately achieved stable levels by the end of cultivation. • Cyanobacteria demonstrated higher reliance on bEPS-Fe pool for growth as compared to bulk liquid Fe. • Formation of photogranules occurred when available Fe content became limited in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste-derived CaO promoted Mg-Ni-Al (MNA) based hydrotalcite hybrid catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and wet impregnation method and tested for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR) for hydrogen (H 2) production. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Field emission scanning electron miscroscopy (FESEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Brauner Emmett teller (BET), laser particle size analyzer, Temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Various CaO loadings varying from 0% to 15% into the MNA-based hydrotalcite catalysts (MNA HTc) were assessed for SESMR in a fixed bed reactor. The results revealed that 10% CaO@MNA exhibited the best performance in terms of a longer pre-breakthrough period with respect to other compositions. The CH 4 fraction, H 2 purity, and CO 2 production in the absence of CaO were marked at 60%, 55%, and 14% respectively. However, the CH 4 fraction and H 2 purity increased to 77% and 80%, while CO 2 decreased to 3% in the pre-breakthrough period for 10% CaO @ MNA at 650 °C, WHSV 2000 mL CH 4 g−1h−1 and S/C of 2.0. The nanocomposite 10%CaO@MNA was tested over three consecutive SESMR cycles at 650 °C to analyze its regeneration capacity. The hybrid catalyst was also tested at various temperatures from 650° to 850°C to investigate the effect of CaO sorbent. It was found that elevated temperatures > 750 °C likely reduced the carbonation reaction and shifted the technique to SMR. The spent catalyst exhibited negligible carbon formation on the catalyst surface. The catalytic performance of the reported catalyst-sorbent system is encouraging for further regeneration studies for SMR and other reforming techniques. [Display omitted] • Waste derived CaO and Mg-Ni-Al (MNA) hydrotalcites are synthesized and characterized. • Hybrid material CaO@MNA with various compositions were tested for SESMR. • 10% CaO @ MNA exhibited 77% CH 4 fraction and longer pre-breakthrough period. • CaO @ MNA improved the H 2 production and purity by removing CO 2. • The catalyst regenerated for three consecutive cycles showed same catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water Splitting by electrocatalysis is one method of attaining sustainable production of hydrogen as a clean and promising energy source. Previous studies have shown that perovskite can be effective electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Herein, double perovskites being highly stable structures have been reported to perform exceptionally in harsh electrochemical environments. The Praseodymium (Pr) doped Strontium Titanium Ferrite (STF) electrocatalyst was tested as an electrocatalyst for water splitting with conductive nickel foam. Pr was doped both on A and B sites of the STF's double perovskite structure, and the SrTiFe 0.9 Pr 0.1 O 6-δ (STFP01) showed the best results with an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 277.6 mV @ 5 mV/s and a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of 182.4 mV @ 5 mV/s with low Tafel slopes of 73 mV/dec and 77 mV/dec, respectively. The sponge-like structure of Pr-doped STF exhibits excellent potential to be a viable electrocatalyst while providing a stable structure. [Display omitted] • Praseodymium doped double perovskite developed for hydrogen production. • The electrocatalysts were tested on 3-electrode and 2-electrode assemblies. • The material exhibited excellent performance for water splitting. • Performance can be attributed to the porous structure of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years the brick kiln industry has been perceived as the main stationary source of environmental pollution. Life cycle assessments (LCA) are necessary to comprehend and improve process leakages and environmental risks associated with the expansion of this sector. The present study offers a comparative approach to analyse economic statistics and environmental impacts of three different brick-making technologies in Pakistan. Emission factors for various pollutants were calculated from the three brick kilns followed by determining the concentration of various pollutants. SimaPro software was used to perform LCA analysis on all stages of brick making at selected brick kilns sites. At the Hoffman kiln, the brick production-based emission factors for CO, PM 2.5 , CO 2 , and SO 2 resulted in 33%, 82%, 29%, and 58% reduction compared to the Fixed Chimney Bull's Trench Kiln (FCBTK) technology. The characterized impacts indicated that woods chips burdened 9 out of 10 impact categories at FCBTK while at Induced Draught Zigzag Kiln (IDZZK) and Hoffman kiln, the hard coal turned out to have a major negative influence on the environment. An on-grid photovoltaic (PV) system of 47 kW at Hoffman kiln was modeled on RETScreen expert software generating a total of 64,544 kWh units of electricity, delivering 64,284 kWh to the kiln load, and exporting 260 kWh back to the grid on annual basis. The system generated substantial financial and environmental benefits with the payback time of 3 years, benefits to cost ratio of 12.2, and reduction of 66.3 tons of CO 2 releasedper year thus reducing the problem of harmful emissions being released at power generation end. The outcome of this study highlights that Hoffman kilns in Pakistan can result in lesser emissions, better resource efficiency, increased sustainability, and better quality of bricks. [Display omitted] • The environmental life cycle assessment of three different brick kilns is analyzed • Environmental degradation by FCBTK is quantified by analyzing 10 impact categories • High emissions in FCBTK are mainly due to using wood chips as fuel • PV system installation at Hoffman kiln can reduce 66.3 tons of CO 2 annually. Proposed PV system resulted in a payback time of 3 years and benefits to cost ratio of 12.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ca-doped TiO2 films were synthesized by the modified sol-gel method and employed as the electron transport material of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Morphological, optoelectronic, thermal, and electrical studies of thin films were investigated through XRD, RAMAN, SEM, AFM, UV-Vis, FTIR, and IV characteristics. Ca doping was detected with the help of structural properties while morphological analysis revealed that thin films based on Ca-doped titania are crack-free, homogenous, and uniformly distributed. Further optoelectronic properties have shown a promising conversion efficiency of 9.79% for 2% Ca-doped titania followed by 1% Ca-doped titania, while 3% have shown the lowest conversion efficiency among these prepared samples. The 2% an optimized doping of Ca has shown an almost two-fold increase in conversion efficiency in comparison to pristine TiO2, along with an increase in current density from 15 mA⋅cm−2 to 19.3 mA⋅cm−2. Improved energy efficiency and higher current density are attributed to faster electron transportation; moreover, the optimized percentage of Ca doping seems to be an effective approach to improve the PSCs' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilisation of methane (CH 4) to produce syngas (H 2 , CO) via partial oxidation of methane (POM) is an attractive technique, as syngas is a very valuable entity to produce liquid fuels and fuel cell applications. This work presents the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanoprisms (ZnO-NPr) in a dual solvent for a controlled structure. The Co-Ni loaded ZnO-NPr catalysts were obtained in an aqueous solution by wetness impregnation method and tested for POM for the first time. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by employing XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA and RAMAN spectroscopy for structural and morphological analysis. The catalysts were analyzed for POM at 850 °C and demonstrated high catalytic activity. It was observed that the catalytic activity of Co loaded ZnO-NPr, and Ni-Co loaded ZnO-NPr was more and demonstrated the stable behaviour for CH 4 conversion in comparison to Ni loaded catalysts. The Co-Ni loaded ZnO-NPr has shown a high CH 4 conversion (X CH4) (98%), and excellent stability over 56 h on stream. The average value of H 2 /CO for Co-Ni loaded ZnO-NPr was 2.11, above the theoretical value for POM. It is attributed to the better performance of catalyst towards the selectivity of H 2 in reaction pathways. [Display omitted] • ZnO nanoprisms (NPr) support was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal process. • Bimetallic loaded ZnO-NPr showed shape dependent support effect in POM. • The high reactivity shown due to better interaction of Co and surface of support. • The bimetallic loaded catalyst exhibited excellent stability in POM reaction up to 56 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce greenhouse emissions, the utilization of biomass is a proficient path for producing power and its impact on accumulative carbon footprint. Generation of power using biomass produces residue majorly in the form of ash. However, as electrical demand rises, the utilization of biomass as feedstock surges, resultantly the quantity of ash from power plants increases. Production of the ash in biomass-fired power plants arise multiple problems exclusively handling of ash and its utilization. The continuous rise in ash quantity will challenge ash-storing facilities while increasing management, transferring and disposal cost. Direct disposal to the land sites may also effects the soil nutrient and its structure. This review investigated the basic challenges in biomass ash production, environmental concerns and handling issues. Furthermore, the study explores the various opportunities in biomass ash utilization in conventional applications such as agriculture, construction, and cement industry. Moreover, the status and prospects of ash utilization in novel application such as nanotechnology in industrial catalysis and environmental applications have been well elucidated. Finally, the recommendations were also derived to pave the path for efficient utilization of biomass ash to improve the overall economy of the biomass operated power plants and sustainable development. [Display omitted] • Biomass ash production and its conventional utilization patterns are reviewed. • Biomass ash utilization in the conventional and novel application is elucidated. • Opportunities in nano-energy for reforming and energy storage applications are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the biomass fly ash (BFA) was investigated as a potential catalyst for the thermo-catalytic decomposition of methane and attractive approach for hydrogen (H 2) production. The BFA based CeO 2 nanowires promoted cobalt catalyst was synthesized for catalytic methane (CH 4) decomposition and was tested in a fixed bed reactor. The physicochemical properties of the catalyst were investigated using various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transformed infrared. The pure crystalline micro-flake BFA was modified using synthesized CeO 2 nanowires and the resulted micro flakes cross-linked with nanowires shown thermal stability up to 900 °C. The high stability of the catalyst makes it suitable for the thermal catalytic decomposition of methane. The activity of the catalyst was tested at 850 °C to analyze the H 2 production and CH 4 conversion. The obtained results revealed that support and promoter exhibit a strong impact on the CH 4 conversion and H 2 yield in catalyst screening tests. A maximum conversion of 71% for CH 4 with 44.9% H 2 yield was recorded for 34 h on stream activity while using 5% Co/CeO 2 -BFA as the catalyst. While BFA and Co-BFA as catalyst showed 36% and 47% conversion of CH 4 , respectively which indicates that the addition of promoter shows an increase in values of both conversion of CH 4 and H 2 yield. Compared to traditional catalyst support, the use of waste-sourced catalyst support for CH 4 decomposition provides a greener and more economical route for H 2 production. [Display omitted] • Co loaded CeO 2 nanowire promoted biomass fly ash catalyst is synthesized. • CeO 2 nanowire loading enhanced the H 2 production in methane decomposition. • Stability over 34 h is reported with no reduction in activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The 2020 cancer report states that breast cancer remains a significant cause of death for females, despite the use of various strategies for early detection and treatment. However, there are still gaps in the fight against this disease. Researchers are exploring the hippo pathway, one of eight significant pathways involved in cancer progression, for potential biomarkers to use in personalized therapeutics. Methods The current study used bioinformatic tools such as DEGs analysis, Methsurv, Km Plotter to generate data that can predict molecular biomarkers associated with hippo pathway in breast cancer development and treatment. The protein-protein interaction pathway was generated using the STRING database to find associations of hippo pathway genes with other dysregulated genes in breast cancer datasets. A disease enrichment study was also done to explore the potential of the hippo pathway in various aspects. Results LATS2 and FAT4 genes of the hippo pathway have shown an interesting association with overall survival, hypermethylation, genetic alterations, and decreased expression levels in the breast cancer cohort. Our findings suggest that both of these genes are associated with breast cancer progression and diagnosis and can be utilized as predictive biomarkers by oncologists for personalized therapy in patients.

Abstract This study examines the impact of leaching with dilute hydrochloric acid solution on the reduction of ash content and the thermal degradation behavior of sugarcane bagasse. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically design the experiments and investigate the effect of three independent variables: treatment time, solid-to-liquid ratio, and reagent concentration. The leaching conditions were further optimized and experimentally validated for maximum ash reduction for suitability of treated biomass as feedstock for thermochemical conversion technologies. Reagent concentration and treatment time directly affected ash reduction, while the solid-to-liquid ratio inversely influenced it. Concentration had the highest impact, and treatment duration had the least. The maximum 78.2% ash reduction was achieved by treating the biomass with 1 M HCl for 80 min at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 50:1 (wt/vol). This ash reduction also resulted in a 9.82% increase in higher heating value (HHV). Hemicellulose hydrolysis during leaching was observed through chemical composition and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ash fusion temperatures increased, indicating more thermally stable biomass. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed elevated maximum degradation temperature and activation energy.

Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was investigated in a fixed bed reactor for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process. Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was prepared by modified co-precipitation, followed by the hydrothermal method. The active metal Co was loaded via the wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The performance of Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 for the DRM process was investigated in a reactor with a temperature of 750 °C, a feed ratio (CO2/CH4) of 1, a catalyst loading of 0.5 g, and a feed flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The effect of support interaction with metal and the composite were studied for catalytic activity, the composite showing significantly improved results. Moreover, among the tested Co loadings, 5 wt% Co over the TiO2–MgAl2O4 composite shows the best catalytic performance. The 5%Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 improved the CH4 and CO2 conversion by up to 70% and 80%, respectively, while the selectivity of H2 and CO improved to 43% and 46.5%, respectively. The achieved H2/CO ratio of 0.9 was due to the excess amount of CO produced because of the higher conversion rate of CO2 and the surface carbon reaction with oxygen species. Furthermore, in a time on stream (TOS) test, the catalyst exhibited 75 h of stability with significant catalytic activity. Catalyst potential lies in catalyst stability and performance results, thus encouraging the further investigation and use of the catalyst for the long-run DRM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Surface-modified ACs were prepared from corncob derived hydro-char. • Higher CO 2 adsorption capacity is linked with high surface area and pore volume. • At lower temperatures and higher pressure, ACs exhibited high adsorption capacity. • AC-KOH exhibited the highest CO 2 adsorption of 198 mg/g at 15 °C and 1 bar. • Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were also evaluated. In this study, activated carbon (AC) based adsorbents were synthesized from biomass-derived hydro-char (HC) through modified hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process coupled with H 3 PO 4 (PA), ZnCl 2, (ZnCl), and KOH thermochemical activation with a specific impregnation ratio of 1:3 (HC/activating agent) at 600 °C. The prepared ACs were characterized through CHN-S analyser, XRD, SEM/EDS, BET, TGA, and FTIR analysis. The modification in textural and surface morphology has been observed. Thermochemical activation results in surface modification of AC samples with a higher specific (S BET) surface area having a range of 650−1225 m2/g, large microporous volume (V μD-A , V μD–R) up to 0.624 and 0.642 cm3/g with 68–90 % micro-porosity. The CO 2 adsorption capacity was examined through a high-pressure gas sorption analyser at a pressure of 0−16 bar and temperature of 15 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C. At 15 °C of temperature, AC-PA showed the adsorption capacity of 130 and 958 mg/g, while AC-ZnCl exhibited 160 and 836 mg/g of adsorption at 1 and 16 bar of pressure respectively. Whereas AC-KOH exhibited a notable CO 2 adsorption capacity of 198 and 1560 mg/g at 1 and 16 bar of pressure (15 °C). Furthermore, experimental equilibrium data of CO 2 adsorption were analysed by applying Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, and Toth isotherm models and validate these models by calculating the regression coefficient (R2), and standard deviation Δq (%). Finally, the thermodynamics parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°, and ΔH Isosteric) were evaluated and concluded that the adsorption of CO 2 (adsorbate) on adsorbent is spontaneous and exothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess the potential to repair injured cells by delivering modulatory factors. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs in large-scale tissue defects, which are subject to prolonged timelines for tissue architecture and functional restoration, remains poorly understood. In this study, we introduce EVs and cell-tethering hybrid hydrogels composed of tyramine-conjugated gelatin (GelTA) that can be in-situ crosslinked with EVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myofibers (hiPSC-myofibers) and hiPSC-muscle precursor cells. This hybrid hydrogel sustains the release of EVs and provides a beneficial nano-topography and mechanical properties for creating a favorable extracellular matrix. Secreted EVs from the hiPSC-myofibers contain specific microRNAs, potentially improving myogenesis and angiogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate increased myogenic markers and fusion/differentiation indexes through the combinatory effects of EVs and integrin-mediated adhesions in the 3D matrix. Furthermore, we observe a unique impact of EVs, which aid in maintaining the viability and phenotype of myofibers under harsh environments. The hybrid hydrogel in-situ crosslinked with hiPSCs and EVs is facilely used to fabricate large-scale muscle constructs by the stacking of micro-patterned hydrogel domains. Later, we confirmed a combinational effect, whereby muscle tissue regeneration and functional restoration were improved, via an in vivo murine volumetric muscle loss model.