456 results on '"Sundaram, Rajeshwari"'
Search Results
452. Validity of self-reported time to pregnancy.
- Author
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Cooney MA, Buck Louis GM, Sundaram R, McGuiness BM, and Lynch CD
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Linear Models, New York, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Young Adult, Fertility, Mental Recall
- Abstract
Background: The reliability of retrospective time to pregnancy (TTP) has been established, but its validity has been assessed in only 1 study, which had a short follow-up., Methods: Ninety-nine women enrolled a decade earlier in a prospective TTP study were queried by means of mailed questionnaires about the duration of time they had required to become pregnant. Their responses were compared with their earlier data from daily diaries (gold standard)., Results: One-third of women could not recall their earlier TTP either in menstrual cycles or calendar months. Only 17%-19% of women recalled their TTP exactly. Agreement increased to 41%-51%, 65%-72%, and 72%-77% when defined as +/-1, +/-2, and +/-3 months, respectively. Women with longer observed TTPs or previous pregnancies were more likely to under-report their TTP., Conclusions: The findings raise questions about the commonly assumed validity of self-reported TTP. Recalled TTP may introduce error when estimating fecundability or classifying couples' fecundity status.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
453. Fetal growth and timing of parturition in humans.
- Author
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Zhang J, Sundaram R, Sun W, and Troendle J
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Time Factors, Fetal Development physiology, Labor Onset, Parturition physiology
- Abstract
Animal studies indicate that either the fetus or the intrauterine environment, both of which set the pattern for fetal growth, may affect the timing of parturition. The authors examined the association between fetal growth and timing of spontaneous onset of labor in humans among low-risk white US women with singleton pregnancies (1987-1991). They restricted the data to pregnancies which had a reliable date of the last menstrual period, normal fetal growth in the first half of pregnancy, and no history of or current pregnancy complications that might have impaired fetal growth (n = 3,360). Subjects received ultrasound examinations at 15-22 and 31-35 weeks' gestation. Fetal growth was adjusted for parity, fetal sex, and maternal prepregnancy weight and height. Results showed that slower or faster fetal growth in the second half of pregnancy resulted in substantially lower or higher birth weight, respectively. However, fetal growth in the second half of pregnancy, even at extremes (2 standard deviations below or above the mean), did not have a meaningful impact on the timing of parturition; neither did fetal growth acceleration or deceleration in late pregnancy. Thus, in low-risk pregnancies where fetal growth is normal in early gestation, fetal growth in the second half of pregnancy does not affect the timing of normal parturition.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
454. Changes in cell-cycle kinetics responsible for limiting somatic growth in mice.
- Author
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Chang M, Parker EA, Muller TJ, Haenen C, Mistry M, Finkielstain GP, Murphy-Ryan M, Barnes KM, Sundaram R, and Baron J
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Body Size, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Enlargement, Hydrogen, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Organ Size, Thymidine, Time Factors, Tritium, Cell Cycle physiology, Cell Proliferation, Kidney cytology, Kidney growth & development, Liver cytology, Liver growth & development
- Abstract
In mammals, the rate of somatic growth is rapid in early postnatal life but then slows with age, approaching zero as the animal approaches adult body size. To investigate the underlying changes in cell-cycle kinetics, [methyl-H]thymidine and 5'-bromo-2'deoxyuridine were used to double-label proliferating cells in 1-, 2-, and 3-wk-old mice for four weeks. Proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells and hepatocytes decreased with age. The average cell-cycle time did not increase in liver and increased only 1.7 fold in kidney. The fraction of cells in S-phase that will divide again declined approximately 10 fold with age. Concurrently, average cell area increased approximately 2 fold. The findings suggest that somatic growth deceleration primarily results not from an increase in cell-cycle time but from a decrease in growth fraction (fraction of cells that continue to proliferate). During the deceleration phase, cells appear to reach a proliferative limit and undergo their final cell divisions, staggered over time. Concomitantly, cells enlarge to a greater volume, perhaps because they are relieved of the size constraint imposed by cell division. In conclusion, a decline in growth fraction with age causes somatic growth deceleration and thus sets a fundamental limit on adult body size.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
455. Nonparametric estimation of stage occupation probabilities in a multistage model with current status data.
- Author
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Datta S and Sundaram R
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Markov Chains, Probability, Proportional Hazards Models, Taiwan epidemiology, Biometry methods, Models, Statistical, Statistics, Nonparametric
- Abstract
Multistage models are used to describe individuals (or experimental units) moving through a succession of "stages" corresponding to distinct states (e.g., healthy, diseased, diseased with complications, dead). The resulting data can be considered to be a form of multivariate survival data containing information about the transition times and the stages occupied. Traditional survival analysis is the simplest example of a multistage model, where individuals begin in an initial stage (say, alive) and move irreversibly to a second stage (death). In this article, we consider general multistage models with a directed tree structure (progressive models) in which individuals traverse through stages in a possibly non-Markovian manner. We construct nonparametric estimators of stage occupation probabilities and marginal cumulative transition hazards. Empirical calculations of these quantities are not possible due to the lack of complete data. We consider current status information which represents a more severe form of censoring than the commonly used right censoring. Asymptotic validity of our estimators can be justified using consistency results for nonparametric regression estimators. Finite-sample behavior of our estimators is studied by simulation, in which we show that our estimators based on these limited data compare well with those based on complete data. We also apply our method to a real-life data set arising from a cardiovascular diseases study in Taiwan.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
456. Medicaid enrollee switching among managed care plans.
- Author
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Brandon WP, Troyer JL, Sundaram R, Schoeps N, Sun Y, and Walsh BJ
- Subjects
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S., Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Male, Managed Care Programs standards, Models, Statistical, North Carolina, United States, Choice Behavior, Consumer Behavior statistics & numerical data, Managed Care Programs statistics & numerical data, Medicaid organization & administration
- Abstract
This case-study (n=41,969) of voluntary switching among Mecklenburg County, North Carolina Medicaid managed care plans showed a low switching rate of 14.5 per 100 member-years over 33 months, or 5.3 averaged annually. Population, plan and plan characteristics, claims and telephone survey data were examined to better understand this important behavioral measure. Switching in Medicaid managed care, which is little studied, is contrasted with the extensive literature on middle class switching. Policy implications included the suitability of Medicaid populations for managed care and the need for more research on switching and disenrollment and the Medicaid innovation of neutral health benefits advising.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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