419 results on '"Steinberg, Julia"'
Search Results
402. Latino youths' sexual values and condom negotiation strategies.
- Author
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Deardorff J, Tschann JM, Flores E, de Groat CL, Steinberg JR, and Ozer EJ
- Subjects
- Acculturation, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior ethnology, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Negotiating psychology, San Francisco, Sex Factors, Sexual Partners psychology, Sexuality ethnology, Young Adult, Condoms, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Negotiating methods, Sexuality psychology, Social Values ethnology
- Abstract
Context: Young Latinos in the United States are at high risk for STDs and are less likely than other youth to use condoms. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between sexual values and condom negotiation strategies among young Latinos., Methods: Cross-sectional data collected in 2003-2006 from 571 Latino women and men aged 16-22 in the San Francisco Bay Area were used to examine associations between sexual values (e.g., considering sexual talk disrespectful or female virginity important) and use of strategies to engender or avoid condom use. Linear regression analyses were used to identify such associations while adjusting for potential covariates and gender interactions., Results: Among women, sexual comfort and comfort with sexual communication were positively associated with frequency of direct communication to foster condom use; the importance of female premarital virginity and levels of sexual self-acceptance were positively associated with expressing dislike of condoms to avoid using them; and levels of sexual self-acceptance were negatively associated with expressing dislike of condoms to avoid using them. Moreover, the degrees to which women considered sexual talk disrespectful and female virginity important were positively associated with the frequency with which they shared risk information as a condom use strategy. Among both sexes, the importance that respondents placed on premarital female virginity was negatively associated with use of direct communication strategies., Conclusion: Researchers designing interventions to influence Latino youths' sexual decision making and behaviors should consider including program components that address sexual values., (Copyright © 2013 by the Guttmacher Institute.)
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- 2013
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403. Psychological distress and post-abortion contraceptive method effectiveness level chosen at an urban clinic.
- Author
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Steinberg JR, Tschann JM, Henderson JT, Drey EA, Steinauer JE, and Harper CC
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- Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Choice Behavior, Female, Humans, Poverty, Pregnancy, Women, Abortion, Induced psychology, Contraception methods, Contraception Behavior, Stress, Psychological psychology, Urban Population
- Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether more psychological distress before an abortion is associated with the effectiveness of contraception selected (low, moderate, or high effectiveness) at an abortion clinic visit., Method: Using data from 253 women attending an urban abortion clinic that primarily serves low-income women, we tested the association between pre-abortion psychological distress and the effectiveness level of post-abortion contraceptive choice. Based on typical use failure rates, we classified effectiveness of contraceptive choice into three levels-low, moderate, and high effectiveness. We measured psychological distress with four validated measures of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms, and negative affect, as well as with a global measure comprising these four measures. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to measure the association of each psychological distress measure with post-abortion contraceptive method effectiveness level, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, pregnancy history, trimester of abortion, and importance of avoiding pregnancy in the next year., Results: We found that compared to women experiencing less stress symptoms, negative affect and global psychological distress, women experiencing more stress symptoms [AOR=1.028, 95% CI: 1.001-1.050], negative affect [AOR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09] and global psychological distress [AOR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.95] were more likely to choose more effective versus less effective methods, p<.05, in adjusted models. Using dichotomous psychological measures we found similar results., Conclusions: Women experiencing more psychological distress before an abortion selected more effective contraceptive methods after their abortion. Future research should examine whether this distress is associated with subsequent contraceptive use or continuation., Implications: The current study suggests that contraceptive providers should not assume that women experiencing more psychological distress prefer to use less effective contraceptive methods., (© 2013.)
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- 2013
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404. The roles of FMRP-regulated genes in autism spectrum disorder: single- and multiple-hit genetic etiologies.
- Author
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Steinberg J and Webber C
- Subjects
- Brain pathology, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive diagnosis, DNA Copy Number Variations, Exome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Mutation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Up-Regulation, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive genetics, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein genetics, Genetic Association Studies methods
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Although roles for both de novo and familial genetic variation have been documented, the underlying disease mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we defined and explored distinct etiologies of genetic variants that affect genes regulated by Fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP), thought to play a key role in neuroplasticity and neuronal translation, in ASD-affected individuals. In particular, we developed the Trend test, a pathway-association test that is able to robustly detect multiple-hit etiologies and is more powerful than existing approaches. Exploiting detailed spatiotemporal maps of gene expression within the human brain, we identified four discrete FMRP-target subpopulations that exhibit distinct functional biases and contribute to ASD via different types of genetic variation. We also demonstrated that FMRP target genes are more likely than other genes with similar expression patterns to contribute to disease. We developed the hypothesis that FMRP targets contribute to ASD via two distinct etiologies: (1) ultra-rare and highly penetrant single disruptions of embryonically upregulated FMRP targets ("single-hit etiology") or (2) the combination of multiple less penetrant disruptions of nonembryonic, synaptic FMRP targets ("multiple-hit etiology"). The Trend test provides rigorous support for a multiple-hit genetic etiology in a subset of autism cases and is easily extendible to combining information from multiple types of genetic variation (i.e., copy-number and exome variants), increasing its value to next-generation sequencing approaches., (Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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405. Does existing research inform policies authorizing abortion for mental health reasons?
- Author
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Steinberg JR
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced psychology, Mental Disorders psychology, Pregnancy, Unwanted psychology
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- 2013
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406. Longitudinal analysis of reticular drusen associated with geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.
- Author
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Steinberg JS, Auge J, Jaffe GJ, Fleckenstein M, Holz FG, and Schmitz-Valckenberg S
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Databases, Factual, Disease Progression, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Geographic Atrophy pathology, Macular Degeneration pathology, Optic Disk Drusen pathology
- Abstract
Purpose: To characterize longitudinal changes of reticular drusen (RDR) in subjects with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration in the multicenter, prospective natural history Geographic Atrophy Progression Study., Methods: Three-field confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy fundus autofluorescence (cSLO FAF, excitation [exc.] = 488 nm; emission [em.] 500-800 nm, Heidelberg Retina Angiograph/Spectralis) of 44 eyes of 22 patients with RDR (median age 77.6 years; range, 61-90 years) at baseline were identified in the study population and included for further analysis. Two independent readers determined the presence, topographic distribution, and pattern of RDR at baseline and at 18 months. Furthermore, the convex hull of the extent of RDR as the minimum polygon encompassing the entire area of RDR involvement was quantified., Results: RDR lesion boundaries were clearly detectable in all directions within three-field FAF composite images in 16 eyes of 10 patients at both baseline and final visits. Over time, RDR-affected retinal area and RDR density increased. Quantitative analysis showed a mean average RDR extent of 53.7 mm(2) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]; 40.7; 66.8) at baseline. The mean differences for intraobserver agreements were 2.4 mm(2) (95% CI; -0.1; 4.9) for reader 1 and -0.6 mm(2) (95% CI; -2.3; 1.1) for reader 2. The mean difference of interobserver agreement was 0.9 mm(2) (95% CI; -0.8; 2.7). A mean growth rate of the RDR extent within the three-field FAF composite image of 4.4 mm(2)/y (95% CI; 1.9; 6.9) was measured., Conclusions: In vivo cSLO FAF imaging allows for both qualitative and quantitative mapping of longitudinal changes of RDR areas within a relatively short time period. Continuous enlargement of the affected retinal area indicates disease progression with regard to this phenotypic characteristic associated with GA in AMD. Systematic recordings of RDR progression appears warranted in future natural history and interventional studies in dry AMD. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00599846.).
- Published
- 2013
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407. Childhood adversities and subsequent risk of one or multiple abortions.
- Author
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Steinberg JR and Tschann JM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Qualitative Research, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, United States, Young Adult, Abortion, Induced statistics & numerical data, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse psychology, Child of Impaired Parents psychology, Mental Disorders
- Abstract
Although many studies have found an association between childhood adversities and mental health disorders, few have examined whether childhood adversities are linked to having abortions. This research investigates the association between a range of childhood adversities and risk of abortion in part to identify which adversities should be considered when examining the association between abortion and subsequent mental health. Using the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), we tested the association between 10 childhood adversities and risk of 0, 1, or multiple abortions among 1511 women ages 18-41. We employed multinomial logistic regression to examine the independent association between each childhood adversity and number of subsequent abortions, controlling for sociodemographic factors, total number of pregnancies, and each adversity. Women who had experienced two or more personal safety threats, one parental mental illness, or two or more parental mental illnesses while growing up were more likely subsequently to have multiple versus no abortions [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 9.87, 95% CI: 2.45-39.72; OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.27-6.21; RRR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.60-17.38, respectively], and multiple versus one abortion [RRR = 13.33, 95% CI: 2.48-71.68; RRR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.03-4.56; RRR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.15-11.76, respectively]. Women who had experienced childhood physical abuse were more likely to have one compared to no abortions [RRR = 2.00; 1.19-3.34]. These results suggest that some childhood adversities may partially explain the association between abortion and mental health. Accordingly, they should be considered in future research examining the link between abortion and mental health., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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408. Fatal flaws in a recent meta-analysis on abortion and mental health.
- Author
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Steinberg JR, Trussell J, Hall KS, and Guthrie K
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Mental Disorders etiology, Mental Disorders psychology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Unplanned psychology, Research Design, Abortion, Induced psychology, Mental Health, Meta-Analysis as Topic
- Abstract
Similar to other reviews within the last 4 years, a thorough review by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, published in December 2011, found that compared to delivery of an unintended pregnancy, abortion does not increase women's risk of mental health problems. In contrast, a meta-analysis published in September 2011 concluded that abortion increases women's risk of mental health problems by 81% and that 10% of mental health problems are attributable to abortions. Like others, we strongly question the quality of this meta-analysis and its conclusions. Here we detail seven errors of this meta-analysis and three significant shortcomings of the included studies because policy, practice and the public have been misinformed. These errors and shortcomings render the meta-analysis' conclusions invalid., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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409. Coleman, Coyle, Shuping, and Rue make false statements and draw erroneous conclusions in analyses of abortion and mental health using the National Comorbidity Survey.
- Author
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Steinberg JR and Finer LB
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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410. Reticular drusen associated with geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.
- Author
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Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Alten F, Steinberg JS, Jaffe GJ, Fleckenstein M, Mukesh BN, Hohman TC, and Holz FG
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Fluorescence, Geographic Atrophy epidemiology, Humans, Infrared Rays, Macular Degeneration epidemiology, Male, Optic Disk Drusen epidemiology, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Geographic Atrophy pathology, Lasers, Macular Degeneration pathology, Ophthalmoscopy methods, Optic Disk Drusen pathology
- Abstract
Purpose: To characterize reticular drusen (RDR) in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a prospective, multicenter, natural history study., Methods: Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) three-field fundus autofluorescence (FAF; exc., 488; em., 500-700 nm), near-infrared reflectance (IR; 820 nm), and blue reflectance (BR; 488 nm) images as well as red-free (RF) and color fundus (CF) camera photographs were recorded in 458 GA patients. The digital images were evaluated by two independent readers with subsequent senior reader arbitration for prevalence and topographic distribution of RDR using a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid., Results: RDR were detected with at least one cSLO modality in 286 of 458 (62%) patients in either eye (bilateral 207 [45%]) and were visible in fundus camera photographs in 66 of 371 (18%) patients (bilateral 48 [13%]). Prevalence of RDR by cSLO imaging was associated with increasing age (P = 0.007) and female sex (P = 0.007), but not with GA total lesion area (P = 0.38). Cohen kappa statistics showed good interobserver agreement for FAF (0.81) and IR (0.82) imaging modes, and moderate agreement was found for BR (0.48), RF (0.48), and CF (0.40). On three-field FAF images RDR were present most frequently superior to the fovea (99%)., Conclusions: RDR represent a common phenotypic hallmark in GA eyes. RDR are readily identified using cSLO imaging technology. These observations may explain the high prevalence determined herein, in contrast to previous reports based on fundus photographs. Incorporation of these novel imaging modalities in future natural history studies may facilitate efforts aimed at defining the role and predictive value of RDR in the progression of AMD. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00599846.)
- Published
- 2011
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411. Abortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences.
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Norris A, Bessett D, Steinberg JR, Kavanaugh ML, De Zordo S, and Becker D
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- Abortion, Induced ethics, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced psychology, Physicians psychology, Social Stigma, Stereotyping
- Abstract
Stigmatization is a deeply contextual, dynamic social process; stigma from abortion is the discrediting of individuals as a result of their association with abortion. Abortion stigma is under-researched and under-theorized, and the few existing studies focus only on women who have had abortions. We build on this work, drawing from the social science literature to describe three groups whom we posit are affected by abortion stigma: Women who have had abortions, individuals who work in facilities that provide abortion, and supporters of women who have had abortions, including partners, family, and friends, as well as abortion researchers and advocates. Although these groups are not homogeneous, some common experiences within the groups--and differences between the groups--help to illuminate how people manage abortion stigma and begin to reveal the roots of this stigma itself. We discuss five reasons why abortion is stigmatized, beginning with the rationale identified by Kumar, Hessini, and Mitchell: The violation of female ideals of sexuality and motherhood. We then suggest additional causes of abortion stigma, including attributing personhood to the fetus, legal restrictions, the idea that abortion is dirty or unhealthy, and the use of stigma as a tool for anti-abortion efforts. Although not exhaustive, these causes of abortion stigma illustrate how it is made manifest for affected groups. Understanding abortion stigma will inform strategies to reduce it, which has direct implications for improving access to care and better health for those whom stigma affects., (Copyright © 2011 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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412. Later abortions and mental health: psychological experiences of women having later abortions--a critical review of research.
- Author
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Steinberg JR
- Subjects
- Abortion, Induced adverse effects, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Time Factors, Abortion, Induced psychology, Mental Health, Pregnancy psychology, Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- Abstract
Background: Some abortion policies in the U.S. are based on the notion that abortion harms women's mental health. The American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on Abortion and Mental Health concluded that first-trimester abortions do not harm women's mental health. However, the APA task force does not make conclusions regarding later abortions (second trimester or beyond) and mental health. This paper critically evaluates studies on later abortion and mental health in order to inform both policy and practice., Method: Using guidelines outlined by Steinberg and Russo (2009), post 1989 quantitative studies on later abortion and mental health were evaluated on the following qualities: 1) composition of comparison groups, 2) how prior mental health was assessed, and 3) whether common risk factors were controlled for in analyses if a significant relationship between abortion and mental health was found. Studies were evaluated with respect to the claim that later abortions harm women's mental health., Results: Eleven quantitative studies that compared the mental health of women having later abortions (for reasons of fetal anomaly) with other groups were evaluated. Findings differed depending on the comparison group. No studies considered the role of prepregnancy mental health, and one study considered whether factors common among women having later abortions and mental health problems drove the association between later abortion and mental health., Conclusion: Policies based on the notion that later abortions (because of fetal anomaly) harm women's mental health are unwarranted. Because research suggests that most women who have later abortions do so for reasons other than fetal anomaly, future investigations should examine women's psychological experiences around later abortions., (Copyright © 2011 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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413. Does the outcome of a first pregnancy predict depression, suicidal ideation, or lower self-esteem? Data from the National Comorbidity Survey.
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Steinberg JR, Becker D, and Henderson JT
- Subjects
- Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Mental Health, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Abortion, Induced psychology, Depression psychology, Pregnancy Outcome psychology, Self Concept, Suicidal Ideation
- Abstract
This study examines the risk of depression, suicidal ideation, and lower self-esteem following an abortion versus a delivery, with and without adjusting for important correlates. Using the National Comorbidity Survey, we tested how first pregnancy outcome (abortion vs. delivery) related to subsequent major depression, suicidal ideation, and self-esteem. Models controlling for risk factors, such as background and economic factors, prepregnancy violence experience, and prepregnancy mental health, as well as a model with all risk factors, were examined. When no risk factors were entered in the model, women who had abortions were more likely to have subsequent depression, OR=1.53, 95% CI [1.05-2.22], and suicidal ideation, OR=2.02, 95% CI [1.40-2.92], but they were not more likely to have lower self-esteem, B=-.02. When all risk factors were entered, pregnancy outcome was not significantly related to later depression, OR=0.87, 95% CI [0.54-1.37], and suicidal ideation, OR=1.19, 95% CI [0.70-2.02]. Predictors of mental health following abortion and delivery included prepregnancy depression, suicidal ideation, and sexual violence. Policies and practices implemented in response to the claim that abortion hurts women are not supported by our findings. Efforts to support women's mental health should focus on known risk factors, such as gender-based violence and prior mental health problems, rather than abortion history., (© 2011 American Orthopsychiatric Association.)
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- 2011
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414. Examining the association of abortion history and current mental health: A reanalysis of the National Comorbidity Survey using a common-risk-factors model.
- Author
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Steinberg JR and Finer LB
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, United States epidemiology, Violence statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Abortion, Induced psychology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Bias, Mood Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Using the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), Coleman, Coyle, Shuping, and Rue (2009) published an analysis indicating that compared to women who had never had an abortion, women who had reported an abortion were at an increased risk of several anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Here, we show that those results are not replicable. That is, using the same data, sample, and codes as indicated by those authors, it is not possible to replicate the simple bivariate statistics testing the relationship of ever having had an abortion to each mental health disorder when no factors were controlled for in analyses (Table 2 in Coleman et al., 2009). Furthermore, among women with prior pregnancies in the NCS, we investigated whether having zero, one, or multiple abortions (abortion history) was associated with having a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder at the time of the interview. In doing this, we tested two competing frameworks: the abortion-as-trauma versus the common-risk-factors approach. Our results support the latter framework. In the bivariate context when no other factors were included in models, abortion history was not related to having a mood disorder, but it was related to having an anxiety or substance use disorder. When prior mental health and violence experience were controlled in our models, no significant relation was found between abortion history and anxiety disorders. When these same risk factors and other background factors were controlled, women who had multiple abortions remained at an increased risk of having a substance use disorder compared to women who had no abortions, likely because we were unable to control for other risk factors associated with having an abortion and substance use. Policy, practice, and research should focus on assisting women at greatest risk of having unintended pregnancies and having poor mental health-those with violence in their lives and prior mental health problems., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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415. Combined confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging of reticular drusen associated with age-related macular degeneration.
- Author
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Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Steinberg JS, Fleckenstein M, Visvalingam S, Brinkmann CK, and Holz FG
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Fundus Oculi, Humans, Male, Retinal Pigment Epithelium pathology, Retrospective Studies, Macular Degeneration diagnosis, Ophthalmoscopy, Retinal Drusen diagnosis, Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment pathology, Tomography, Optical Coherence
- Abstract
Purpose: To determine microstructural retinal alterations associated with reticular drusen in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using high-resolution in vivo imaging techniques., Design: Retrospective case series., Participants: A total of 116 eyes of 78 AMD patients with reticular drusen were examined., Methods: Simultaneous spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT; 870 nm, 40,000 A-scans/sec) and near-infrared confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO; 830 nm) were performed using a combined imaging instrument (Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Individual anatomic layers in SD OCT were evaluated and correlated to en face cSLO fundus imaging., Main Outcome Measures: Description of corresponding structural changes in areas of reticular drusen., Results: Reticular drusen appeared as an interlacing network of round or oval irregularities by near-infrared cSLO reflectance imaging. On SD OCT, reticular drusen corresponded to marked changes at a level anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane complex to the interface of inner and outer photoreceptor segment layer (IPRL). Individual reticular drusen correlated to focal elevations of the IPRL, accumulation of highly reflective material below the IPRL, and an increased distance between the IPRL and RPE., Conclusions: The findings indicate that the morphologic substrate of reticular drusen is the accumulation of highly reflective material within outer retinal layers anterior to the RPE. This is in contrast to previous assumptions pointing toward a localization of abnormal material at the level of the inner choroid. Although the origin of the material is unknown, the results may indicate a role for primary abnormalities in the neurosensory retina. Because reticular drusen represent high-risk markers for the progression of AMD, their ready identification is relevant both for natural history studies as well as for interventional trials., (Copyright 2010 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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416. Evaluating research on abortion and mental health.
- Author
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Steinberg JR and Russo NF
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced psychology
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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417. Science prevails: abortion and mental health.
- Author
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Steinberg JR, Jordan B, and Wells ES
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Abortion, Induced psychology, Mental Health
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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418. Abortion and anxiety: what's the relationship?
- Author
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Steinberg JR and Russo NF
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Unwanted psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, United States epidemiology, Violence, Abortion, Induced psychology, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Using data from the United States National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), we conducted secondary data analyses to examine the relationship of abortion, including multiple abortions, to anxiety after first pregnancy outcome in two studies. First, when analyzing the NSFG, we found that pre-pregnancy anxiety symptoms, rape history, age at first pregnancy outcome (abortion vs. delivery), race, marital status, income, education, subsequent abortions, and subsequent deliveries accounted for a significant association initially found between first pregnancy outcome and experiencing subsequent anxiety symptoms. We then tested the relationship of abortion to clinically diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder, using NCS data. Contrary to findings from our analyses of the NSFG, in the NCS analyses we did not find a significant relationship between first pregnancy outcome and subsequent rates of GAD, social anxiety, or PTSD. However, multiple abortions were found to be associated with much higher rates of PTSD and social anxiety; this relationship was largely explained by pre-pregnancy mental health disorders and their association with higher rates of violence. Researchers and clinicians need to learn more about the relations of violence exposure, mental health, and pregnancy outcome to avoid attributing poor mental health solely to pregnancy outcomes.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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419. A place to call home, a place to recover.
- Author
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Burns N and Steinberg J
- Subjects
- Halfway Houses economics, Humans, Ohio, Organizational Case Studies, Halfway Houses organization & administration, Mental Disorders rehabilitation
- Published
- 2006
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