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Abstract: The etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not well established. Genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) might influence the risk of PD occurrence and development. In this study, Two DNA polymorphisms at genetic variation in FGF20, rs2720208 (C/T) and rs1721100 (C/G), were genotyped by direct sequencing in Han Chinese population, including 394 PD patients and 383 healthy controls. Stastistical analyses revealed that for rs1721100 (C/G) polymorphism, there were significant differences in genotype distribution between PD and healthy-matched controls. For rs12720208 (C/T) polymorphism, there was no significant difference in genotype distribution and gender and age-related differences between PD and control group. Results in this study revealed that the rs1721100(C/G) polymorphism is a risk factor for PD in Han Chinese population, while rs12720208(C/T) polymorphism is not significantly associated with PD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recently, a nucleotide polymorphism rs6812193 near SCARB2 was found to be significantly associated with Parkinson''s disease (PD) in populations of European ancestry. Herein, we conducted a case-control study with attempt to further evaluate the association between SNP rs6812193 and PD in a Chinese population from mainland China. rs6812193 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP technique in 449 PD patients and 452 controls in a Chinese population. In our study, we did not detect statistically significant differences between cases and controls in terms of both allele and genotype distribution of the rs6812193 polymorphism (P =0.97 and P =0.77, respectively), even after stratification by age at onset. Our data do not support the association of SNP rs6812193 with PD in Han Chinese of mainland China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: LRP2 (also called megalin) plays a potential key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Recently, one genome-wide association study has revealed that the rs3755166 (G/A) polymorphism located in the LRP2 promoter is associated with development of AD in Caucasians, while there are no studies on the association LRP2 of with AD risk in Asians. Methods: To evaluate the relationship between the rs3755166 polymorphism of the LRP2 gene and AD in the ethnic Chinese Han, we conducted a case-control study (n=361, age>50) to determine the prevalence of one common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of LRP2 (rs3755166) in patients with AD in Chinese population of Mainland China, and clarified whether this polymorphism is a risk factor for AD. Results: The prevalence of the minor allele (A) in the rs3755166 polymorphism was significantly different in AD patients and control subjects (P<0.05). The rs3755166 polymorphism was associated with AD in the ethnic Chinese Han (OR=1.378, 95% CI: 1.017-1.867, P=0.039), and the results were not influenced by age, gender, or APOE status (P=0.441, P=0.94, P=0.432, respectively). Conclusion: Our data revealed the allele (A) of the rs3755166 polymorphism within LRP2 gene may contribute to AD risk in the Chinese Han Population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The development of new and efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted considerable attention. Herein, a new polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework (POMOF), [Mn 4 (L)(SiW 12 O 40)·(DMF) 2 ·(H 2 O) 6 ·4OH·4DMF·7H 2 O (1), was prepared with a resorcin [4]arene-based ligand (L), Keggin-type [SiW 12 O 40 4- anion and Mn(II) cation (DMF = N,N′ -dimethylformamide). Compound 1 has a layer structure sandwiched by [SiW 12 O 40 4- anions. The high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability are achieved by using 1 as an anode material for LIBs. The high electrochemical performance of compound 1 is attributed to the good electron storage and reversible multi-electron redox properties of [SiW 12 O 40 4- anions within the framework. A new polyoxometalate - resorcin[4]arene-based framework was used as lithium ion battery materials and featured the high specific capacity and recycled stability. Image 1 • A novel polyoxometalate-resorcin[4]arene-based framework was synthesized. • This hybrid material was applied as lithium ion battery material. • This material features relatively high specific capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new luminescent CPs based on resorcin[4]arene and dicarboxylic acid have been rationally synthesized, and they featured highly sensitive and selective luminescent sensing for Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 − ions. • Two resorcin[4]arene-based coordination polymers were rationally designed. • 1 and 2 were used for the efficient luminescent detection of Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 − ions. • This work provided a possible way for the design of the luminescent sensors. Two luminescent cadmium(II) coordination polymers, [Cd 2 (L)(BDC) 2 ]·3DMF·5EtOH (1) and [Cd 2 (L)(OH-BDC) 2 ]·2DMF·6MeOH (2), have been solvothermally prepared with resorcin[4]arene-based ligand (L) and dicarboxylic acids (H 2 BDC = isophthalic acid, OH-H 2 BDC = 5-OH-isophthalic acid and N , N ′-dimethylformamide). 1 and 2 are isostructural and feature fascinating layer structures. Remarkably, 1 and 2 showed intense luminescent properties and were used as highly efficient multiple luminescent detection for Fe3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2− ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new [Co 4 ] based metal-organic hybrid complex, [Co 4 (TCA) 2 ]· x solvents (Co-TCA), was combined with ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) to give Co-TCA@OMC composites, which was used as an efficient sensor for detection of baicalein with high selectivity and sensitivity. • A dumbbell-shaped calixarene coordination complex Co-TCA was designed and synthesized. • By a simple one-step method Co-TCA was embedded and dispersed in OMC to give Co-TCA@OMC composites. • The Co-TCA@OMC/GCE was applied for the electrochemical detection of baicalein with high selectivity and sensitivity. Rational design and preparation of efficient electrochemical sensor with great stability and environmentally friendly performance is a critical step for electrochemical detection. Herein, a new dumbbell-shaped metal-organic hybrid complex, [Co 4 (TCA) 2 ]·3DMF·MeOH (Co-TCA), was synthesized with the bowl-shaped p -tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (TCA). By a simple one-step solvothermal reaction method, Co-TCA was embedded and dispersed in ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) to give Co-TCA@OMC composites. The synergistic effects between Co-TCA and OMC drastically enhanced the adsorption capacity of the resulting materials. In contrast to Co-TCA , the introduction of OMC resulted in the increased specific surface area, porosity and conductivity. The glassy carbon electrode modified with Co-TCA@OMC composite (Co-TCA@OMC/GCE) was used in the electrochemical detection of baicalein with a high sensitivity of 8.956 μA μM−1 and an ultra-low detection limit of 1.6 nM. This work developed a simple method with potential applications for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two POM-based inorganic-organic hybrids 1 , 2 and one coordination polymer 3 have been synthesized. Hybrid 1 exhibits excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization reaction and electrocatalytic activity. 3 shows heterogeneous catalytic ability for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Self-assembly of 4-pyridyl-functionalized calix[4]arene ligand 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(4-pyridylmethyl)oxy]calix[4]arene (L), Ag(I)/Cd(II) cations and polyoxometalate obtained two inorganic-organic hybrids [Ag 3 (L) 2 ][PMo 12 O 40 ]·CH 3 CN·4H 2 O (1), [Ag 3 (L) 2 ][PMo 12 O 40 ]·2DMA·0.5EtOH (2) and one complex [Cd 3 (L) 2 Cl 6 ]·4CH 3 CN·4H 2 O (3) (DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide). Hybrids 1 and 2 have fascinating one-dimensional chains, which are linked by hydrogen bonds between the C atoms of L ligands and the O atoms of [PMo 12 O 40 ]3− anions to generate supramolecular layers. 3 displays a thick layer containing trinuclear Cd(II) clusters. Noteworthy, hybrid 1 exhibits excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization reaction and obvious electrocatalytic activity for oxidize ascorbic acid and reduce NaBrO 3. Complex 3 shows heterogeneous catalytic ability for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorpromazine (CPMZ) is a representative drug for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Excessive use of CPMZ could result in some serious health problems, and therefore, construction of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for CPMZ detection is greatly significant for human health. Herein, a feasible electrochemical method for the detection of CPMZ was provided. To design a suitable electrode surface modifier, a new two-dimensional (2D) thiacalix[4]arene-based metal-organic framework was designed and synthesized under solvothermal conditions, namely, [Co(TMPA)Cl 2 ]MeOH·2EtOH·2H 2 O (Co-TMPA). Afterward, a series of composite materials was prepared by combining Co-TMPA with highly conductive carbon materials. Markedly, Co-TMPA/MWCNT-2@GCE (GCE = glassy carbon electrode, MWCNT = multiwalled carbon nanotube) exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance for CPMZ detection due to the synergistic effect between MWCNT and Co-TMPA. Particularly, it featured a low limit of detection (8 nM) and a wide linear range (0.05 to 1350 μM) in quantitative determination of CPMZ. Meanwhile, the sensor possessed excellent stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Importantly, Co-TMPA/MWCNT-2@GCE was employed to analyze CPMZ in urine and serum with satisfactory recoveries (98.87-102.17%) and relative standard deviations (1.44-3.80%). Furthermore, the electrochemical detection accuracy of the Co-TMPA/MWCNT-2@GCE sensor was verified with the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy technique. This work offers a promising sensor for the efficient analysis of drug molecules.

In this paper, a thiacalix[4]arene complex [Zn 2 (TIT4A)L 2 ]·4DMF·2CH 3 OH (H 2 L = 4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid) (Zn-TIT4A-L) was synthesized by a solvothermal method. The composites were prepared by combining Zn-TIT4A-L with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), mesoporous carbon (MC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), respectively. Three representative composites are Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1), Zn-TIT4A-L@MC(1:2), and Zn-TIT4A-L@MWCNT(1:2). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy characterized their structures and morphologies. The results showed that three composites were successfully prepared, and the crystals of the complex remained in the composites. The electrochemical properties of the composites were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that they had good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity. Among them, Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1) had the best performance and was used for the quantitative detection of flutamide (FTA). The linear range of detection is 0.1-200 μM, and the limit of detection is 0.015 μM. At the same time, the sensor also had good reproducibility, anti-interference, and stability. The sensor was also used for the detection of FTA in lake water, human urine, and serum with a satisfactory recovery rate. The possible mechanism of electrochemical detection of FTA was also discussed.

The design of artificial receptors with a specific recognition function and enhanced selectivity is highly desirable in the electrochemical sensing field, which can be used for detection of environmental pollutants. In this facet, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featured adjustable porosities and specific host-guest recognition properties. Especially, the large hydrophobic cavity formed in the porous MOFs may become a potential artificial receptor. We herein designed a new porous MOF [Zn 2 (L)(IPA)(H 2 O)]·2DMF·2MeOH·3H 2 O ( Zn-L-IPA ) by using a functionalized sulfonylcalix[4]arene ( L 1 ) and isophthalic acid (H 2 IPA) (DMF = N , N '-dimethylformamide). The specific pore size and pore shape of Zn-L-IPA made it efficiently selective for absorption of bisphenol A ( BPA ), bisphenol F ( BPF ), and bisphenol S ( BPS ). Therefore, a rapid, highly selective, and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platform Zn-L-IPA@GP/GCE was fabricated by using Zn-L-IPA as a host to recognize and absorb bisphenol guests ( GP = graphite powder, GCE = glassy carbon electrode). Most strikingly, the extremely low detection limits were up to 3.46 and 0.17 nM for BPA and BPF , respectively, using the Zn-L-IPA@GP/GCE electrode. Furthermore, the "recognition and adsorption" mechanism was uncovered by density functional theory with the B3LYP function. This work offered a prospective strategy for selective absorption and detection of harmful bisphenols with the MOF-based porous material.

Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, and fuel cells, while gas-driven conductive MOFs have not yet been synthesized so far. Herein, we report a gas-driven conductive MOF ( A ) constructed from calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycle and Co(II) cations, which shows the conductivity enhancement by about eight orders of magnitude through NO 2 adsorption. The conductivities of MOF A before and after the adsorption of NO 2 were calculated to be about 1.3 × 10 -11 and 8.4 × 10 -4 S/cm, respectively. MOF A realizes the conversion from an insulator to a conductor by adsorbing NO 2 . When NO 2 is evacuated, MOF A quickly changes from a conductor back to an insulator in 42 s. In the crystal structure of NO 2 -adsorbed MOF (termed as A-NO 2 ), NO 2 molecule connects Co(II) and uncoordinated carboxylate groups through hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a conductive pathway, greatly reducing the electron transmission distance between each two metal clusters. In addition, NO 2 molecule and H 3 O + may also form a conductive pathway by hydrogen-bonding interactions. This work presents an interesting macrocycle-based MOF with a NO 2 -driven on/off conductivity switch, proving the possibility for designing advanced gas-driven conductive systems.

By employing a bowl-like tetra(benzimidazole)resorcin[4]arene (TBR4A) ligand, two new polyoxometalate-templated metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs), [Co 8 Cl 14 (TBR4A) 6 ]·3[H 3.3 SiW 12 O 40 ]·10DMF·11EtOH·20H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Co 3 Cl 2 (TBR4A) 2 (DMF) 4 ]·[SiW 12 O 40 ]·2EtOH·3H 2 O ( 2 ), have been prepared under solvothermal conditions (DMF = N , N '-dimethylformamide). 1 shows a 2D cationic layer, whereas 2 exhibits a 3D framework. Remarkably, the Keggin POMs in 1 and 2 were located in the cavities formed by two bowl-like resorcin[4]arenes in sandwich fashions. Their framework structures were highly dependent on the coordination modes of the TBR4A ligands. To increase the conductivity of POMOFs, the samples of 1 and 2 were loaded on the conductive polypyrrole-reduced graphene oxide (PPy-RGO) via ball milling ( 1@PG and 2@PG ). Then, the obtained composites experienced calcination at a proper temperature to produce 1@PG-A and 2@PG-A . The resulting 1@PG-A and 2@PG-A composites, with improved conductivities, uniform sizes and micropores, exhibited promising electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries. We herein proposed a size-controlled route for the rational fabrication of functional POMOFs and their usage in energy fields.

The design and assembly of polyoxometalate-resorcin[4]arene-based metal-organic molecular materials are particularly attractive for their elegant structures and potential functions. By applying a newly designed resorcin[4]arene ligand (TPC4R-II), a copper(I)-coordinated polyoxometalate-based metal-organic molecular material, namely, [Cu I 6 (Br) 3 (TPC4R-II) 3 (PMo 12 O 40 )]·8H 2 O ( 1 ), was rationally assembled. Three copper(I)-coordinated resorcin[4]arenes are held together by a central [PMo 12 O 40 ] 3- to yield a supramolecular propeller. 1 features efficient catalytic performances for oxidation desulfurization (ODS) and azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reactions. This work affords a feasible method for the nanosized polyoxometalate-based metal-resorcin[4]arene assemblies by well combinating two types of large composites as well as low coordination metal cations.

The design and synthesis of effective and recyclable oxidative desulfurization catalysts is of great importance in view of environmental protection and human health. Herein, a family of polyoxomolybdate-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials, namely, [Mn(TMR4A)(H 2 O) 4 ][Mo 6 O 19 ]·0.5CH 3 CH 2 OH·H 2 O ( 1 ), [Ni(TMR4A)(H 2 O) 4 ][Mo 6 O 19 ]·0.5CH 3 CH 2 OH·H 2 O ( 2 ), [Zn(TMR4A)(H 2 O) 4 ][Mo 6 O 19 ]·0.5CH 3 CH 2 OH·H 2 O ( 3 ), and [Co 2 (TMR4A) 2 (H 2 O) 4 (β-Mo 8 O 26 )]·CH 3 CN·12H 2 O ( 4 ), were assembled by the functionalized resorcin[4]arene ligand (TMR4A) with polyoxomolybdate and metal ions under solvothermal conditions. In isostructural 1 - 3 , the [M(TMR4A)(H 2 O) 4 ] 2+ species (M = Mn II , Ni II , Zn II ) and [Mo 6 O 19 ] 2- anions are held together via C-H···O hydrogen bonds to give a 3D supramolecular architecture. In 4 , two [Co(TMR4A)(H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ cations were linked by one [β-Mo 8 O 26 ] 4- anion to produce an attractive molecular dimer. Remarkably, 1 - 4 , as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts, exhibit efficient catalytic oxidation desulfurization activities toward thioethers. Particularly, 1 , as a representative example, features selective catalytic oxidation for sulfur mustard simulant. Moreover, their electrochemical properties were also studied.

The design and synthesis of polynuclear metal cluster-based coordination cages is of considerable interest due to their appealing structural characteristics and potential applications. Herein, we report a calix[4]resorcinarene-based [Co 12 ] coordination cage, [Co 12 (TPC4R-I) 2 (1,3-BDC) 10 (μ 3 -OH) 4 (H 2 O) 10 (DMF) 2 ]·7DMF·23H 2 O ( 1 ), assembled with 2 bowl-shaped calix[4]resorcinarenes (TPC4R-I), 10 angular 1,3-benzenedicarboxylates (1,3-BDC), and 12 Co(II) cations. Remarkably, it is shown to be a highly efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for CO 2 conversion due to its exposed Co(II) Lewis acid sites.

Two remarkable polyoxometalate-bridged Cu(I)- and Ag(I)-thiacalix[4]arene dimers, namely, [Cu 4 (SiW 12 O 40 )(L) 2 (DMF) 2 ]·2EtOH·DMF ( 1-Cu ) and [Ag 4 (PMo 12 O 40 )(L) 2 ]·OH ( 1-Ag ), were prepared by using a new thiacalix[4]arene, metal cation and polyoxometalate (L = tetra[2-(ethylthio)-1-methyl-1 H -imidazole]-thiacalix[4]arene). In 1-Cu and 1-Ag , two thiacalix[4]arenes were linked together by one [SiW 12 O 40 ] 4- or [PMo 12 O 40 ] 3- anion via two metal cations to give a molecular dimer. Further, adjacent dimers were extended into a high-dimensional supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonds. Markedly, these molecular dimers are exceedingly stable in organic solvents and then were employed as efficient catalysts for catalytic oxidation desulfurization as well as the azide-alkyne "click" reaction.

Self-assembly of resorcin[4]arene-based coordination cages involving more than two resorcin[4]arenes poses significant challenges for the requirements of suitable functionalized resorcin[4]arene ligands and metals. Here, we report an unusual example of a metal-coordinated, resorcin[4]arene-based molecular trimer (1-NO 3 ), composed of three resorcin[4]arenes and three Cd(II) cations. In particular, 1-NO 3 features efficient and selective removal of environmentally toxic dichromate (Cr 2 O 7 2- ) anions. Moreover, the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was also explored by using 1-NO 3 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst.

By using a novel imidazole-functional cyclotriveratrylene ligand, two isostructural frameworks, [Cd3(HECTV)(bdc)3]·DMF·6H2O (1) and [Zn3(HECTV)(OH-bdc)3]·3DMF·4H2O (2) (HECTV = 5,6,12,13,19,20-hexaimidazolium-ethoxy-cyclotriveratrylene), were constructed. The two compounds exhibit fascinating 4-fold interpenetration three-dimensional frameworks. There are still large void spaces in the structures despite the interpenetration, which were filled with solvent molecules. Interestingly, 1 demonstrates a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation with the guests changed by a cycloalkane solvent. Strikingly, 1 and 2 feature highly heterogeneous catalytic activities for Knoevenagel condensation and CO2 cycloaddition, respectively. In particular, catalysts 1 and 2 could be reused with good catalytic performance.

Effective and selective capture of environmentally toxic Cr 2 O 7 2- from water is desirable for both environment protection and human health, but it still remains a significant challenge. We present a water-stable cationic metal-organic framework (MOF) with large nanotubular channels ( ca. 1.4 × 1.4 nm 2 ), (1-Cl). Remarkably, the resulting porous material exhibits rapid aqueous-phase removal of Cr 2 O 7 2- via an anion-exchange manner. Meaningfully, the capture and separation of aqueous Cr 2 O 7 2- are highly selective even in the presence of other disturbing anions. More importantly, the crystal structure of 1-Cl after anion exchange (1-Cr 2 O 7 ) could be determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elaborating the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation. The Cr 2 O 7 2- removal process by 1-Cl thus was directly uncovered by the crystal structure of Cr 2 O 7 2- -incorporated 1-Cr 2 O 7 .

Background: Memory complaint is common in the elderly. Recently, it was shown that self-report memory complaint was predictive of cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the source of memory complaints on the risk of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in a community-based cohort., Methods: Data on memory complaints and cognitive function were collected among 1840 Chinese participants (aged ≥55 years old) in an urban community at baseline interview and 5-year follow-up. Incident cognitive impairment was identified based on education-adjusted Mini-Mental State Examination score. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between the source of memory complaints and risk of cognitive impairment conversion and cognitive decline, after adjusting for covariates., Results: A total of 1840 participants were included into this study including 1713 normal participants and 127 cognitive impairment participants in 2009. Among 1713 normal participants in 2009, 130 participants were converted to cognitive impairment after 5 years of follow-up. In 2014, 606 participants were identified as cognitive decline. Both self- and informant-reported memory complaints were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.48) and cognitive decline (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.68). Furthermore, this association was more significant in males (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.04-4.24 for cognitive impairment and OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20-2.99 for cognitive decline) and in higher education level (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02-3.15 for cognitive impairment and OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.91 for cognitive decline)., Conclusions: Both self- and informant-reported memory complaints were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment conversion and cognitive decline, especially in persons with male gender and high educational background., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

A new highly stable copper(I)-based metal-organic framework (MOF), namely, [Cu I 4 (SiW 12 O 40 )(L)]·6H 2 O·2DMF (1), was synthesized by incorporating Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) anions and a functionalized wheel-like resorcin[4]arene-based ligand (L) under sovothermal condition. 1 exhibits a charming 3D supramolecular architecture sandwiched by the POM anions. Noticeably, 1 has exceptional chemical stability, especially in organic solvents or aqueous solutions with a wide range of pH values. Considering the catalytically active Cu(I) sites in 1, the azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction was studied by employing 1 as the heterogeneous catalyst. Most strikingly, 1 exhibits excellent catalytic activity as well as recyclability for the AAC reaction.

A stable microporous anionic metal-organic framework (MOF), [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] 6 [Cd 3 L(H 2 O) 2 ]·12H 2 O (1), has been synthesized via solvothermal assembly of a new resorcin[4]arene-functionalized dodecacarboxylic acid (H 12 L) and Cd(II) cations. The constructed MOF (1) was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical analyses. 1 exhibits a fascinating 3D microporous framework structure, in which the free water molecules and the [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] + cations were located. Remarkably, the exposed Lewis acid Cd(II) sites of activated 1 make it an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides at 1 and 20 atm. Importantly, the activated samples of 1 can be reused at least five circles with excellent catalytic performance. Moreover, the fluorescence detection of Cr 2 O 7 2- and Fe 3+ was studied by using 1 as a potential luminescent sensor.

In this work, we report a new polyoxovanadate-resorcin[4]arene-based metal-organic framework (PMOF), [Co 2 L 0.5 V 4 O 12 ]·3DMF·5H 2 O (1), assembled with a newly functionalized wheel-like resorcin[4]arene ligand (L). 1 features an elegant porous motif and represents a rare example of PMOFs composed of both a resorcin[4]arene ligand and polyoxovanadate. Remarkably, 1 shows open V sites in the channel, which makes 1 an efficient heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides with high conversion and selectivity. Strikingly, 1 also exhibits high catalytic activity for the heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization of sulfides. Particularly, the heterogeneous catalyst 1 can be easily separated and reused with good catalytic activity.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels, which is an age-dependent risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke and contributes to cerebrovascular dysfunction leading to cognitive impairment. However clinical prevention and treatment of the disease is very difficult because of its occult onset and severity of the symptoms. In recent years, many anti-amyloid β immunotherapies have not demonstrated clinical efficacy in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the failure may be due to the deposition of Aβ in the cerebrovascular export pathway resulting in further damage to blood vessels and aggravating CAA. So decreased clearance of Aβ in blood vessels plays a crucial role in the development of CAA and AD, and identification of the molecular pathways involved will provide new targets for treatment. In this review, we mainly describe the mechanisms of Aβ clearance through vessels, especially in terms of some proteins and receptors involved in this process.

We herein report the porous 4-fold interpenetrated mog (moganite) metal-organic framework (MOF) [Cd 3 (tipp)(bpdc) 2 ]·DMA·9H 2 O (1·Cd; H 2 tipp = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)porphyrin, H 2 bpdc = biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, DMA = N,N'-dimethylacetamide). The incorporation of Cd and carboxylate oxygen affords 1·Cd rich Lewis acid and basic sites. This MOF 1·Cd was then applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the important cyanosilylation of aldehydes and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. 1·Cd features excellent catalytic performance and recyclability for the cyanosilylation of various aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN). Moreover, 1·Cd shows highly efficient catalysis and substrate selectivity for Knoevenagel condensation reactions of various aldehydes with malononitrile. The high catalytic activity and stability toward C-C bond formation make 1·Cd a promising heterogeneous catalyst.

Objectives: To cross-sectionally explore the potential risk factors for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a community cohort in Shanghai., Methods: Based on the validated RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ), we identified individuals with probable RBD (pRBD) in 3635 community-dwelling residents (≥50 years old) from an urban community of Shanghai. Potential risk factors of pRBD, including age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, obesity, consumption of tea (surrogate for caffeine intake) and alcohol, medications and chronic disease status, were assessed via questionnaire. We used logistic regression to investigate the associations between these studied factors and pRBD after adjusting for age, sex and other studied factors., Results: Based on the RBDSQ score ≥5, 2.70% (3.28% in men and 2.41% in women) participants were considered as pRBD. We found that lower education, presence of head injury, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, constipation, olfactory disturbance, and imbalance, use of alcoholic beverage, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and benzodiazepine were associated with higher likelihood of having pRBD (P < 0.05 for all). In contrast, male sex, use of coffee or tea, smoking and other factors were not significantly association with altered risk of having pRBD. We did not find significant interaction between sex, age and these factors, in relation to pRBD risk., Conclusions: In this community-based study of older adults, we identified several potential risk factors for concurrent pRBD, including environmental factors and vascular risk factors., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study is prepared to provide the basis of rheological parameters for the additional quality standard of ophthalmic gels, the rheological properties of the ophthalmic gels and the other three types of ophthalmic preparations. The medicines were compared through the study of the rheological properties for four types of ophthalmic preparations. The cone-plate rheometer was used to determine the dynamic and steady rheological parameters of four types of ophthalmic preparations. The similarities and differences of the measured results were analyzed to summarize the rheological indexes and parameters which are applied to distinguish the ophthalmic gels and the other types of ophthalmic preparations. 1 The elastic modulus should be greater than the viscous modulus for the ophthalmic gels in the range of the linear viscoelastic region. 2 The ophthalmic gels should be shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid with a certain yield stress and thixotropy. 3 The dynamic viscosity of the ophthalmic gels should be greater than 0.5 Pa·S at the temperature of 25 ℃ with the 50 s-1 shear rate. The typical rheological indexes and parameters of the ophthalmic gels were proposed in this article. The determination methods are simple and feasible. The rheological indexes and parameters have an important significance in the prescription design, production technology and quality control of the ophthalmic gels.

A porous rtl metal-organic framework (MOF) [Mn 5 L(H 2 O) 6 ⋅(DMA) 2 ]⋅5DMA⋅4C 2 H 5 OH (1⋅Mn) (H 10 L=5,10,15,20-tetra(4-(3,5-dicarboxylphenoxy)phenyl)porphyrin; DMA=N,N'-dimethylacetamide) was synthesized by employing a new porphyrin-based octacarboxylic acid ligand. 1⋅Mn exhibits high Mn II density in the porous framework, providing it great Lewis-acid heterogeneous catalytic capability for the cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides. Strikingly, 1⋅Mn features excellent catalytic activity to the cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides, with a remarkable initial turnover frequency 400 per mole of catalyst per hour at 20 atm. As-synthesized 1⋅Mn also exhibits size selectivity to different epoxide substrates on account of their steric hindrance. The high catalytic activity, size selectivity, and stability toward the epoxides on catalytic cycloaddition of CO 2 make 1⋅Mn a promising heterogeneous catalyst for fixation and utilization of CO 2 ., (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Background: Our study was aimed to validate a modified RBD (REM sleep behavior disorder) single question (RBD1Q-C), study the prevalence of probable RBD (pRBD) in a rural community based on RBD1Q-C and investigate the association between pRBD and Parkinson's disease (PD)., Methods: The validation study of RBD1Q-C included 32 Chinese participants (14 idiopathic RBD patients and 18 controls). All participants underwent a polysomnogram (PSG). We then conducted a door-to-door survey to estimate the prevalence of pRBD assessed by RBD1Q-C, and its association with PD among 19614 residents who lived in Malu community of Shanghai, China., Results: RBD1Q-C demonstrated a high sensitivity of 100%, a moderate specificity of 55.6%. The agreement between RBD1Q-C and PSG-based RBD diagnosis was good (k = 0.552). PPV of the RBD1Q-C was 63.6% and NPV was 100%. The prevalence of pRBD in Malu community was 4.9%. In people over 50 years old, presence of pRBD was significantly associated with increased risk of having PD (odds ratio = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.56-4.39)., Conclusion: RBD1Q-C was shown to be a useful screening tool. Based on the RBD1Q-C, we found that pRBD was not rare in Chinese rural population and associated with odds of PD, calling for more attention from patients, caregivers and physicians.

By varying the fluorescent tags of resorcin[4]arene-based tetracarboxylic acids from phenyl to naphthyl, two highly luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Zn2(TPC4A)(DMF)(H2O)4]·3H2O (1) and [(CH3)2NH2]2[Zn(TNC4A)]·4H2O (2), were successfully achieved (TPC4A = 2,8,14,20-tetra-phenyl-6,12,18,24-tetra-methoxy-4,10,16,22-tetra-carboxy-methoxy-resorcin[4]arene and TNC4A = 2,8,14,20-tetra-1-naphthal-6,12,18,24-tetra- methoxy-4,10,16,22-tetra-carboxy-methoxy-resorcin[4]arene). Compound 1 features a unique 2D network, while 2 exhibits a fascinating 3D framework. The highly selective detection of small organic molecules as well as Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) was performed for 1 and 2 as fluorescent sensors. Remarkably, luminescent 1 and 2 were used as sensory materials for the sensing of various amine vapors with high selectivity and rapid response. Most strikingly, clear fluorescence "on-off" switch-functions toward small organic molecules as well as amine vapors were also explored for luminescent 1 and 2.

Background: China is facing a continuously rising numbers of people with cognitive impairment (CI)., Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of CI among elderly people living in rural and urban communities., Methods: We conducted a face-to-face survey of CI on 7,900 individuals aged 50 years or older meeting inclusion criteria in the Malu (rural community, n = 4,429) and Wuliqiao (urban community, n = 3,471) communities of Shanghai. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function. Information on demographic features and potential risk factors for CI was collected during the interview. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with CI., Results: Based on the education modified MMSE score, we identified 329 CI cases in rural community and 227 in urban community. The prevalence of CI was 7.43% in rural population and 6.54% in urban population (p = 0.13). In the urban population, risk of having CI was associated with age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.08), lack of physical activities (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11-4.57), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.04-3.07), and having three or more children (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.27-4.50). In contrast, factors associated with rural populations included female gender (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.08-3.82), age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08), exposure to pesticides (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.27-17.21), history of encephalitis or meningitis (OR = 6.02; 95% CI: 1.92-18.85) and head trauma (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10-3.24)., Conclusions: Urban rural and populations showed different risk factors for CI, suggesting that different preventive strategies in these areas should be performed.

Introduction: The mortality of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its associated risk factors among clinically definite PD patients in China has been rarely investigated. Our study aimed to identify the mortality rates and predictors of death in PD patients in China., Methods: 157 consecutive, clinically definite PD patients from the urban area of Shanghai were recruited from a central hospital based movement disorder clinic in 2006. All patients were regularly followed up at the clinic until December 31, 2011, or death. Mortality and associations with baseline demographics, health and medical factors were then determined within the cohort., Results: After 5 years, 11(7%) patients had died. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.62 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.07, P=0.104). The main causes of death were pneumonia (54.5%, 6/11) and digestive disorders (18.2%, 2/11), respectively. Age at onset, independent living, the mini mental state examination score, the Parkinson's disease sleep scale score and the Epworth sleepiness scale score at baseline were statistically significantly different between the survival group and the deceased group (P<0.05). Across all participants, risk factors for death included low mini mental state examination score, and high Epworth sleepiness scale score according to a binary variable logistic regression analysis., Conclusions: This study confirms the similar survival of patients with PD to the control population up to a follow-up of 5 years. Interventions tailored to potential risk factors associated with death may offer further benefits.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a neurotrophic factor that plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). We measured plasma EGF level in PD, essential tremor (ET) and normal controls to investigate whether it changes in PD and whether it is associated with motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. 100 patients with PD, 40 patients with ET as disease control and 76 healthy persons were enrolled in the present study. Motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed by different scales. Plasma EGF levels of three groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Spearman test and linear logistics regression model were used to test the correlation of EGF with motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Plasma EGF level was significantly decreased in early PD patients compared with normal control, but not in advanced PD patients. Interestingly, plasma EGF level was significantly increased in advanced PD and total PD patients compared with ET patients, but not in early PD patients. In addition, plasma EGF level was correlated with UPDRS-III scores in PD. Also plasma EGF level was correlated with UPDRS-III scores and NMS scores in early PD. Our results suggested that plasma EGF decreased in the early stage of PD and increased later on in the PD disease course. Also, plasma EGF level was increased significantly in PD compared with ET patients and correlated with motor and non-motor symptoms in early PD.

Two examples of heterometallic-organic frameworks (HMOFs) composed of dicarboxyl-functionalized Fe(III)-salen complexes and d(10) metals (Zn, Cd), [Zn2(Fe-L)2(μ2-O)(H2O)2]⋅4 DMF⋅4 H2O (1) and [Cd2(Fe-L)2(μ2-O)(H2O)2]⋅2 DMF⋅H2O (2) (H4L = 1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N'-bis(3-methyl-5-carboxysalicylidene), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In 1 and 2, each square-pyramidal Fe(III) atom is embedded in the [N2O2] pocket of an L(4-) anion, and these units are further bridged by a μ2-O anion to give an (Fe-L)2(μ2-O) dimer. The two carboxylate groups of each L(4-) anion bridge Zn(II) or Cd(II) atoms to afford a 3D porous HMOF. The gas sorption and magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been studied. Remarkably, 1 and 2 show activity for the photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) under visible-light irradiation, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time that this has been observed for Fe(III)-salen-based HMOFs., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

By using a new resorcin[4]arene-based tetracarboxylate, three functional coordination polymers (CPs)--namely, [(CH3)2NH2][Cd2NaL(HCOO)2(HCOOH)(H2O)]·H2O (1), [(CH3)2NH2]2[CdL]·CH3OH·4H2O (2), and [(CH3)2NH2][Zn2Na3L2(H2O)2]·H2O (3)--have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions (H4L = 2,8,14,20-tetra-pentyl-4,10,16,22-tetrakis((4-carboxybenzyl)oxy)-6,12,18,24-tetra-methoxy-resorcin[4]arene and DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide). The structures of 1-3 have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further physically characterized. In 1, L and HCOO(-) link Cd(II) and Na(I) ions to yield an unusual three-dimensional (3D) 4-connected heterometallic framework with (4(2)·6(4))(4·8(3)·10·12) topology. In 2, L anions link Cd(II) ions to give a 3D binodal 4-connected framework with (4(2)·6(3)·8)2 topology. In 3, adjacent dodecanuclear heterometallic clusters are joined together by L anions, yielding a two-dimensional (2D) (3,8)-connected (3·4(2))(3(4)·4(6)·5(6)·6(8)·7(3)·8) network. Most strikingly, CPs 1 and 2 display unusual metal-ion exchange characters. CP 2 shows remarkable reversible adsoption of I2 molecules. In addition, CPs 1-3 can selectively adsorb organic dyes and exhibit highly luminescent sensing properties for small molecules.

A highly stable soft porous coordination polymer (PCP), namely [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·2DMF (1), has been synthesized via an in situ synthesis of 4-tetrazole pyridine (TP) under solvothermal conditions (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide). Remarkably, the solvent molecules in 1 can be respectively exchanged with cyclohexane (C6H12), cyclopentane (C5H10), decahydronaphthalene (C10H18), 1,4-dioxane (C4H8O2), and tetrahydropyrane (C5H10O) in single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) manners to yield [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·3C6H12 (1a), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·2C5H10 (1b), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·H2O·C10H18 (1c), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·C4H8O2 (1d), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2]·3C4H8O2 (1e), and [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2]·2H2O·C5H10O (1f). Further, the occluded cyclohexane molecules in 1a can be removed by heating to give its porous guest-free form [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2] (1g). Particularly, in water, 1 can lose its coordinated N3(-) anions to generate [Cu(TP)2(H2O)4]·4H2O (1h). More interestingly, the soft PCP (1) demonstrates the guest selectivity for the cycloalkane solvents, namely cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and decahydronaphthalene, in SCSC manners for the first time, attributed to the synergy effect between the size and geometry of the solvent and the shape of the framework cavity. Moreover, the desolvated samples of 1e show the highly selective gas adsorption of CO2 over N2, indicating its potential application in the separation of the CO2/N2 mixture.

Purpose: Recently, a large genome-wide association study has revealed that polymorphism of alleles and genotypes in rs3,764,650 within ABCA7 gene is associated with Alzheimer disease in whites. We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether these susceptible genetic variants are risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD) in Chinese Han population., Design and Methods: A total of 633 participants consisting of 350 SAD and 283 nondemented elderly controls matched for sex and age were recruited and genetic variants in ABCA7 (rs3,764,650) were genotyped using DNA sequencing., Results: On the basis of allele and genotype frequencies in both groups, we found a significant association (P=0.004) between ABCA7 genotypes and SAD in Chinese Han population, and the results were influenced by age and ApoEε4 status. ApoEε4-carrier and aging are linked to enhancing ABCA7 risk-associated SAD. However, the prevalence of the minor allele G in rs3,764,650 within ABCA7 showed no significant difference between the 2 groups in this study., Conclusions: ABCA7 (rs3,764,650) was associated with SAD in the Chinese population, with both ApoEε4-carrier and aging being factors enhancing its risk.

The controlled synthesis of Eu2(WO4)3 nanostructures with different morphologies, namely ellipsoidlike, rodlike, cubelike, rod-bundlelike, and mesoporous spindlike, has been successfully achieved by the cationic surfactant-CTAB (cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide)-microemulsion-mediated and anionic surfactant-SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)-microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method separately. Various comparison experiments showed that fundamental experimental parameters, such as the water content, reaction temperature and the type of surfactants played important roles in the morphological control of Eu2(WO4)3 nanostructures. The possible growth mechanisms of these nanocrystals were elucidated in detail.

An unprecedented octahedral {Cd(30)} nanocage supported by twelve pendant-armed tetraacetate macrocyclic ligands was synthesized through the reaction of macrocyclic tetraethyl ester and Cd(OAc)(2)·2H(2)O in a 1 : 2 stoichiometry, where the surface photovoltage and photoluminescent properties have been studied for the nanocage.

Four novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on high-nuclear metal carboxylate clusters, namely, [Zn(4)(L)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(2)(H(2)O)(1.5)]·2H(2)O (1), [Zn(5)Na(L)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(CH(3)CH(2)O)(H(2)O)(2)] (2), [Cd(4)(L)(2)(BIME)(0.5)(μ(3)-OH)(2)(H(2)O)(1.5)]·2H(2)O (3), and [Zn(4)(L)(2)(BET)(0.5)(μ(3)-OH)(2)(H(2)O)] (4), where H(3)L = (3,5-dicarboxyl-phenyl)-(4-(2'-carboxyl-phenyl)-benzyl)ether, BET = 1,1'-(2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl), BIME = 1,2-bis(imidazol-1-yl)ethane, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. In 1, each planar octanuclear zinc cluster [Zn(8)(μ(3)-OH)(8)(CO(2))(12)(H(2)O)(3)] is linked by twelve L anions to give an unusual (3,12)-connected framework with (4(3))(2)(4(20)·6(28)·8(18)) topology. In 2, dodecanuclear heterometallic clusters [Zn(10)Na(2)(μ(3)-OH)(8)(CO(2))(12)(CH(3)CH(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)(4)] are surrounded by twelve L anions to form a (3,12)-connected net with the same topology as 1. However, 3 exhibits a rare (3,14)-connected (4(3))(3(2)4)(3(4)·4(20)·5(14)·6(34)·7(11)·8(8)) net based on octanuclear cadmium cluster [Cd(8)(BIME)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(CO(2))(12)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O as a 14-connected node and H(3)L as a 3-connected node. In 4, each octanuclear zinc cluster [Zn(8)(BET)(2)(μ(3)-OH)(4)(CO(2))(12)(H(2)O)(2)] is linked by twelve L anions to furnish a (3,14)-connected net with the same topology as 3. The optical energy gaps and photoluminescence were investigated for the compounds. Moreover, compounds 1-4 exhibit good photocatalytic activities for degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation and show good stability towards UV photocatalysis. In addition, 1 and 4 display a photocurrent density under several on-off cycles of illumination.

Four novel polyoxometalate-based copper(I)-organic frameworks, namely, [Cu(I)(2)(cis-L1)(2)][Cu(I)(2)(trans-L1)(2)Mo(6)O(18)(O(3)AsPh)(2)] (1), [Cu(I)(4)(L2)(4)Mo(6)O(18)(O(3)AsPh)(2)] (2), [Cu(I)(4)(L3)(4)Mo(6)O(18)(O(3)AsPh)(2)] (3), and [Cu(I)(4)(L4)(2)Mo(6)O(18)(O(3)AsPh)(2)] (4) (L1 = 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane, L2 = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane, L3 = 1,5-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentane, and L4 = 1,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexane), have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra (IR), UV-vis spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Compound 1 is composed of two crystallographically independent and distinct polymeric motifs: one-dimensional (1D) S-shaped chain and two-dimensional (2D) undulated layer. The S-shaped chains penetrated into the 2D parallel layers to generate an unusual 1D + 2D → three-dimensional (3D) polypseudo-rotaxane framework. In 2, the As(2)Mo(6) polyoxoanions in tetradentate modes link four neighboring -L2-Cu-L2- chains to produce a rare 3D trinodal (3,4)-connected self-penetrated framework with Point Symbol of (8(3))(2)(8(2)·12(4)). In 3, adjacent Cu(I) atoms are linked by As(2)Mo(6) polyoxoanions and L3 ligands into a 2D layer. The layers are further interlocked by the two nearest neighboring ones to form a 3D polycatenated framework. In 4, L4 ligands bridge four Cu(I) atoms to yield 2D wavelike layers, which are further linked by the octadentate As(2)Mo(6) polyoxoanions to form a 3D tetranodal (3,4,6)-connected framework with Point Symbol of (6(3))(4·6(3)·8(2))(6(4)·8(2))(4(2)·6(2)·8(10)·10). In addition, the photocatalytic activities of compounds 1, 3, and 4 for decomposition of methylene blue (MB) under UV light have been investigated. Moreover, their electrochemical properties have also been studied in 1 M H(2)SO(4) aqueous solution.

Series of inorganic-organic hybrid materials based on octamolybdates, silver ions, and multidentate N-donor ligands, namely, [Ag(2)(2,3'-tmbpt)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)] (1), [Ag(2)(2,4'-tmbpt)(2)(α-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)(H(2)O)(0.5)]·2H(2)O (2), [Ag(3)(3,3'-tmbpt)(2)(α-H(2)Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)]·3.5H(2)O (3), [Ag(2)(3,3'-tmbpt)(ε-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)]·1.75H(2)O (4), [Ag(2)(3,4'-tmbpt)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)]·0.5H(2)O (5), and [Ag(3,4'-Htmbpt)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)] (6), where 2,3'-tmbpt = 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole), 2,4'-tmbpt = 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole), 3,3'-tmbpt = 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole, and 3,4'-tmbpt = 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 displays a rare 3D (3,4,8)-connected net with (4·8(2))(4(2)·8(4))(4(3)·8(20)·10(5)) topology. Compound 2 shows a rare 3D (4,6)-connected self-catenated framework with (6(4)·8(2))(4(2)·6(3)·8(2))(4(2)·6(8)·8(4)·10) topology. Compound 3 is a scarce 3D framework based on two different kinds of [Mo(8)O(26)](4-) isomers. Compound 4 exhibits a 3D framework constructed by silver-organic sheets and the rare [ε-Mo(8)O(26)](4-) anions. Compound 5 shows an interesting 1D → 2D polythreaded structure. Compound 6 displays a 2D layer structure, which is further linked by the N-H···O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Their structures have been further characterized by infrared spectra (IR), elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electrochemistry and photoluminesce. Moreover, the photocatalytic activities for degradation of organic pollutant have been investigated for compounds 3-6.

Two novel inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on octamolybdates, namely, [Cu(H(2)L)(2)(γ-Mo(8)O(26))]·(Mo(6)O(19))·2H(2)O (1) and [Cu(H(2)L)(γ-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)]·5H(2)O (2), where L = 1,1'-(1,5-pentanediyl)bis[2-(4-pyridyl)benzimidazole], have been successfully synthesized at different pH values under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1, which is hydrothermally prepared at pH ≈ 3.5, exhibits an entirely new type of intercalated layer. The nanosized hexamolybdate anions as guests are introduced into the layers. When the pH value is adjusted to 2, a structurally-different complex 2 was obtained. Compound 2 shows a unique 3D 4-connected framework constructed by inorganic layers and H(2)L(2+) ligands as bridges. The two compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and TGA. In addition, the electrochemical properties of 1-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) have also been investigated in 1 M H(2)SO(4) aqueous solution.

Six inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, namely, [Cu(2)(2,4'-tmbpt)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)]·7H(2)O (1), [Cu(2,4'-tmbpt)(γ-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O (2), [Co(2,4'-Htmbpt)(2)(γ-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)] (3), [Zn(2,4'-Htmbpt)(2)(γ-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)] (4), [Ni(2,4'-tmbpt)(α-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)(H(2)O)]·2.5H(2)O (5) and [Ag(2,4'-Htmbpt)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)] (6), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (2,4'-tmbpt = 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole). The structures of compounds 1-6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and characterized by infrared spectra (IR), elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Compound 1 shows a 3D (3,4)-connected framework constructed by the 2D Cu(II)-organic fragments and [β-Mo(8)O(26)](4-) anions. Compound 2 exhibits a 2D layer structure based on Cu(II)-organic chains and [γ-Mo(8)O(26)] chains. The layers are extended into a 3D supramolecular framework by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Compounds 3 and 4 are isostructural, and display 1D chain structures. The chains are further interlinked by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form 3D supramolecular architectures. Compound 5 shows a 3D framework based on the 2D Ni(II)-organic fragments and [α-Mo(8)O(26)](4-) anions. In compound 6, the 1D chains constructed by the Ag(I) ions, 2,4'-Htmbpt ligands and [β-Mo(8)O(26)](4-) anions are extended by hydrogen-bonding interactions into a 2D supramolecular layer. Each layer threads into the adjacent layers, yielding a 2D → 3D interdigitated structure. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of 4 and 6, the optical band gaps of 1-6, and the photocatalytic properties of 1-6 have also been investigated.

Ten new chiral coordination polymers, namely, [Ni(L)(H(2)O)(2)] (1), [Co(L)(H(2)O)(2)] (2), [Cd(L)(H(2)O)] (3), [Cd(L)(phen)] (4), [Mn(2)(L)(2) (phen)(2)]·H(2)O (5), [Cd(2)(L)(2)(biim-4)(2)] (6), [Zn(2)(L)(2)(biim-4)(2)] (7), [Cd(L)(pbib)] (8), [Cd(L)(bbtz)] (9) and [Cd(L)(biim-6)] (10), where phen = 1,10-phenathroline, biim-4 = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), pbib = 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, bbtz = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, biim-6 = 1,1'-(1,6-hexanedidyl)bis(imidazole), and H(2)L = (R)-2-(4'-(4''-carboxybenzyloxy)phenoxy)propanoic acid, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by infrared spectra (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analyses and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit similar 1D left-handed helical chains, which are further extended into 3D supramolecular structures through O-H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions, respectively. Compound 3 shows a 2D double-layer architecture containing helical chains. Compound 4 features two types of 2D undulated sheets with helical chains, which are stacked in an ABAB fashion along the c direction. Compound 5 possesses a 1D double chain ribbon structure containing unusual meso-helical chains, which is linked by π-π interactions into a 2D supramolecular layer. These layers are further extended by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular assembly. Compounds 6 and 7 are isostructural and exhibit 2D (4(4))-sql networks with helical chains. Neighboring sheets are further linked by C-H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions to generate 3D supramolecular architectures. Compounds 8-10 are isostructural and display 3D 3-fold interpenetrating diamond frameworks with helical chains. The effects of coordination modes of L anions, metal ions and N-donor ligands on the structures of the coordination polymers have been discussed. The luminescent properties of 3, 4 and 6-10 have also been investigated in detail.

Curcumin,a natural polyphenol obtained from turmeric,has been implicated to be neuroprotective in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders although the mechanism remains poorly understood. The results of our recent experiments indicated that curcumin could protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The death of dopaminergic neurons and the loss of dopaminergic axon in the striatum were significantly suppressed by curcumin in MPTP mouse model. Further studies showed that curcumin inhibited JNKs hyperphosphorylation induced by MPTP treatment. JNKs phosphorylation can cause translocation of Bax to mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c which both ultimately contribute to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These pro-apoptosis effect can be diminished by curcumin. Our experiments demonstrated that curcumin can prevent nigrostriatal degeneration by inhibiting the dysfunction of mitochondrial through suppressing hyperphosphorylation of JNKs induced by MPTP. Our results suggested that JNKs/mitochondria pathway may be a novel target in the treatment of PD patients.

Polyrotaxane metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs), a relatively rare branch of entangled networks, have received significant attention due to their unusual entanglement topologies. The PMOFs we described here are still at an early stage of development. This feature article summarizes the recent developments in structural types of PMOFs from our own group and others. We make some generalizations about the various classes of PMOFs, and develop the definitions and nomenclature of these entanglements, including classification into trivial and nontrivial polyrotaxanes, and limits on what constitutes a (nontrivial) polyrotaxane. Finally, the synthetic strategies toward the design and preparation of new PMOFs are elucidated.

We describe an exceedingly rare example of solid-state single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a 2D layer to a known 3D framework via lattice iodine release, which involves the formation of a new Cu-O ligand bond and a change in the metal coordination geometry.

Two novel hybrid materials based on two kinds of octamolybdate anions and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Ag(8)(L(1))(4)(α-Mo(8)O(26))(β-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(3)]·H(2)O (1) and [Cu(I)(3.1)Cu(II)(0.5)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(0.5)(ζ-Mo(7)(VI)Mo(V)O(26))(0.5)(L(2))(2)(H(0.8)L(2))(0.5)] (2), where L(1) = 1,1'-(1,3-propanediyl)bis[2-(4-pyridyl)benzimidazole] and L(2) = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis[2-(3-pyridyl)benzimidazole], have been successfully synthesized. Crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a three-dimensional (3D) framework constructed of silver(I)-organic sheets and two types of (Mo(8)O(26))(4-) isomers. Compound 2 is a rare 3D framework containing copper(I,II)-organic cages and 1D channels occupied by the (ζ-Mo(7)(VI)Mo(V)O(26))(5-) and (β-Mo(8)O(26))(4-) anions. The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectivity spectroscopy, and photoluminescent spectroscopy. In addition, the photocatalytic behavior of 1 was investigated.