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Detailed paleoseismogeological, morphotectonic, and tectonophysical studies using remote and ground surveys have been carried out on the islands of the Kuzokotsky Archipelago on the southwestern coast of Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea. The following have been established: (a) kinematic parameters of seismic ruptures (including strike-slip faults; overthrust strike-slip faults along the ruptures of the general (NNW) direction corresponding to the side structures of the Kandalaksha graben; and strike-slip faults, faults, and tear faults along the ruptures of the WNW direction corresponding to the structures of the Velikaya Salma graben); (b) the correspondence of seismic rupture parameters (reverse strike-slip faults) to periodic changes in the tectonic stress field from northwest to northeast compression; (c) the inheritance of seismic deformations and the development of the latest morphostructure within the framework of the dominance of the structures of the Kandalaksha graben with the periodic activation of the Velikaya Salma graben; (d) three main stages of seismogenic renewal: (I) preglacial and the beginning of the late glacial, (II) late glacial, and (III) Holocene; (e) three main seismic episodes in the Late Holocene: 2.3–2.2, 1.5–1.4, and 0.5–0.4 ka BP; and (f) traces of maximum shaking corresponding to the IX+ and X seismic scale localized along the outer northern (to the Velikaya Salma strait) flank of the archipelago and related to all stages of seismogenic renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brief results of comprehensive studies of the southeastern Baltic Sea on cruises 47–49 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov (2021–2022) are presented. Research methods included geophysics, geology, paleogeography, hydrology, hydro- and geochemistry, hydrobiology, and geoecology. New data on paleolandscapes and parameters of long-term monitoring of spatiotemporal changes in the abiotic and biotic components of the Baltic Sea ecosystem were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is devoted to the low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. The pyrolysis of peat was conducted using natural aluminosilicates and synthetic zeolites. It was found that the pore size of the mineral strongly affects the catalytic activity and provides the processing of the hydrocarbons formation reactions. Bentonite clay was found to be the most effective catalyst for the biomass pyrolysis process. The use of bentonite clay as an addition to peat allows improving structural (strength, porosity) and sorption characteristics (sorption rate) of the molded compositions and can serve as a catalyst during its subsequent thermal conversion. The amount of gases obtained using natural aluminosilicate as a catalyst increased by 2 times compared to the non-catalytic process. The calorific value of the products obtained was higher due to the light hydrocarbons formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the lithological and chronometric data (15 new and 9 earlier published dates) obtained in 2018–2020 on the Upper Pleistocene sections along the Terskiy and Zimniy Coasts of the White Sea. Focused on the Lower Weichselian (MIS 5d-a) and lower Middle Weichselian (MIS 4) sediment successions, the marine and glacial events are discussed. Marine environment was reconstructed in the White Sea basin, and water exchange between Barents and White Seas via Gorlo Strait. In the presented sedimentary succession, the sandy units dated to 72–66 ka and 63.5–53.5 ka on the Terskiy Coast and to 61–52 ka on the Zimniy Coast were associated with the Mezen marine transgression. Glacial event during MIS 4 is suggested in the north-easternmost shore of the White Sea, where the Barents Ice Sheet expanded from the Kara and Barents Seas shelf and reached the eastern coast of the Mezen Bay. The Terskiy Coast (southern Kola Peninsula) seems to be affected by local glacial sheet during the early Middle Weichselian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both parametric and structural differences exist in capacity expansion models. • We used simple cases to eliminate all parametric uncertainty in benchmarking effort. • We identified structural differences that were previously assumed to be unimportant. • We introduce an open-source test dataset for the community to use and build on. • Community-wide benchmarking increases transparency among capacity expansion models. Electric sector capacity expansion models are widely used by academic, government, and industry researchers for policy analysis and planning. Many models overlap in their capabilities, spatial and temporal resolutions, and research purposes, but yield diverse results due to both parametric and structural differences. Previous work has attempted to identify some differences among commonly used capacity expansion models but has been unable to disentangle parametric from structural uncertainty. Here, we present a model benchmarking effort using highly simplified scenarios applied to four open-source models of the U.S. electric sector. We eliminate all parametric uncertainty through using a common dataset and leave only structural differences. We demonstrate how a systematic model comparison process allows us to pinpoint specific and important structural differences among our models, including specification of technologies as baseload or load following generation, battery state-of-charge at the beginning and end of a modeled period, application of battery roundtrip efficiency, treatment of discount rates, formulation of model end effects, and digit precision of input parameters. Our results show that such a process can be effective for improving consistency across models and building model confidence, substantiating specific modeling choices, reporting uncertainties, and identifying areas for further research and development. We also introduce an open-source test dataset that the modeling community can use for unit testing and build on for benchmarking exercises of more complex models. A community benchmarking effort can increase collaboration among energy modelers and provide transparency regarding the energy transition and energy challenges, for other stakeholders such as policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial inelasticity coefficients of baryon fragments of oxygen nuclei and pions were investigated and the full inelasticity coefficient was determined for the first time in collisions at . The fraction of kinetic energy of incident proton in collisions at spent on formation of all the baryon fragments and production of charged and neutral pions was found. The experimental results were compared with those obtained in other experiments at high energies. The experimental full inelasticity coefficient in collisions at was reproduced well by calculations within the framework of Glauber model of multiple scatterings in hadron-nucleus collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The influence of natural and synthetic aluminosilicates on the peat low-temperature pyrolysis has been studied. The use of these aluminosilicates as catalysts resulted in the increase of the conversion to gaseous and liquid products by a factor of 1.3–1.5 compared with a non-catalytic process. The use of these catalysts also contributed to the increase of the amount of gaseous products and heat capacity of the gas due to the increase of the gaseous hydrocarbon content. The highest heat of combustion (23.88MJ/m3) was achieved with bentonite clay at 460°C and concentration of 30wt.%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim: To improve the quality of anesthesia in school-age children by using intraoperative metabolic-mediated cerebroprotection to reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment after total intravenous anesthesia based on propofol., Material and Methods: A randomized, prospective, longitudinal clinical study was conducted, involving 60 school-age children operated under total intravenous anesthesia on the basis of propofol. Children were randomized into two equal groups. Patients of the 1st group did not receive intraoperative metabolic-mediated cerebroprotection, patients of the 2nd group were treated with cytoflavin. For Z-assessment of changes in cognitive potential, neuropsychological testing of 30 children of the same age who were not subjected to surgical intervention was performed., Results and Conclusion: On the 1st day of the postoperative period, 13.79% of patients of the 1st group had postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), on the 7th day, POCD was observed in 26.67% of children. In the 2nd group, POCD was detected in 6.67% and 3.33% of patients on the 1st and 7th day, respectively (p=0,009). The results confirm the efficacy of cytoflavin in intraoperative prevention of POCD in school-age children.

Design: A single-blind comparative prospective randomised clinical trial., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Russian muscular relaxant (Kruarone) in comparison with Esmerone in multicomponent balanced anesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 80 patients (23-68 years old) were examined. The patients were randomized into two equal groups. The results showed that Kruarone was effective relaxant with rapid onset of action, providing optimal conditions for muscle relaxation for laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Kruarone did not require frequent administration supports, providing high quality and stable neuromuscular blockade during surgery. There was no any one case of adverse events for the entire period of 24-hour surveillance, the drug has no cumulative effect. Kruarone did not cause allergic reactions and had no significant effect on hemodynamics. Thus Kruarone 0.6 mg/kg with an average total flow rate of the drug within 55 mg (39.6-75.43 mg) has the same effectiveness and safety with Esmerone in similar dosages.