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In order to be able to predict the distribution of reservoir sands and of grainsize and porosity trends in a hydrocarbon province, it is essential to understand the basin evolution in detail. In this study, an attempt is made to reconstruct the complex basin evolution of the southern Central Graben area by careful correlation of sedimentary successions from the different structural elements. The Late Jurassic rift phase is complex: a change in tectonic regime occurs, subsidence varies dramatically through time and space and former depocenters may become sources for erosion. In this paper a break down is proposed for the basin evolution in three discrete steps, each of which is closely related to changes in the tectonic regime. The basin fill of the southern Central Graben area is displayed in Wheeler type of diagrams, showing the facies relationships between the various parts of the basin.

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This paper presents a proof of concept study into a computational strategy for reusing structural stadium elements. The strategy goal is overcoming the reuse design strain through implementation of a genetic algorithm. This algorithm is calibrated to search for a structural frame configuration, while using a reusable element set, meeting floor space requirements and following the building mass shape. The most important benefit of the algorithm implementation is its method of scouting the solution space. It accelerates the design process and presents the results in a transparent manner. These strategy aspects reduce the complications of reuse design and support the goal of encouraging the application of reuse design in practice. This will lead to a more sustainable construction industry. The algorithm has been applied on the Al Wakrah stadium for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In this project the developer aims to deconstruct the second ring after the tournament. The presented strategy resulted in four unique structural frames, which use 100% of the reusable structural elements, while deviating 1% from the required floor space and 3% from the given building mass.

Because of its high tensile strength and deformation capacity, UHPFRC (Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious composite) can theoretically be used without any reinforcement bars or prestressing. However, for more economical design and for reasons of structural robustness, steel rebars should complement the UHPFRC leading to R-UHPFRC (Reinforced UHPFRC) structural elements. This paper focuses on the quasi-static behavior of UHPFRC beams reinforced with single steel rebar. The beams are full-scale elements (2 meters span, 0.4 meter height) inspired by a recently built R-UHPFRC railway bridge in Switzerland. They were pre-fabricated using one-way casting and external vibrations, to provide similar conditions as in mass production. The members are tested under quasi-static loading in four-point bending. Reinforcement cover thickness is only half of the bar diameter. Two bar diameters are tested (20mm and 34mm). Results are compared with numerical modeling based on UHPFRC mechanical properties as obtained from standardized material tests on small specimens. Differences between the mechanical properties determined from small specimens and in-situ material, as well as their influence on structural performance are discussed.

A contact fatigue phenomenon is most common failure seen in the structural components, which are under high-cyclic fatigue loads. Rail wheels, mating gears, ball bearing and wherever the formal contact between the two structural elements, are affected by contact fatigue failure, is commonly referred as pitting of surface. It can be seen that those structural elements are manufactured by powder metallurgy technology since it has more technical as well as commercial advantages over the conventionally made structural parts. Development in powder metallurgy manufacturing technologies, will give us confident to use of more powder metallurgy structural parts in place of conventional parts. Rolling-sliding contact fatigue (RSCF) experiments on powder metallurgy (PM) steels have been carried out in the laboratories with available experimental set-up. The lubrication oil is collected for regular interval and ferrography test is involved to predict the wear rate of the powder metallurgy steels. Wear morphology of porous steel is predicted.

International audience; Structural elements inserted in proteins are essential to define folding/unfolding 1 mechanisms and partner recognition events governing signaling processes in living organisms. 2 Here, we present an original approach to model the folding mechanism of these structural elements. 3 Our approach is based on the exploitation of local, sequence-dependent structural information 4 encoded in a database of three-residue fragments extracted from a large set of high-resolution 5 experimentally determined protein structures. The computation of conformational transitions leading 6 to the formation of the structural elements is formulated as a discrete path search problem using this 7 database. To solve this problem, we propose a heuristically-guided depth-first search algorithm. The 8 domain-dependent heuristic function aims at minimizing the length of the path in terms of angular 9 distances, while maximizing the local density of the intermediate states, which is related to their 10 probability of existence. We have applied the strategy to two small synthetic polypeptides mimicking 11 two common structural motifs in proteins. The folding mechanisms extracted are very similar to 12 those obtained when using traditional, computationally expensive approaches. These results show 13 that the proposed approach, thanks to its simplicity and computational efficiency, is a promising 14 research direction. 15