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Scleras are mainly used for the treatment of glaucoma, eyelid damage, and scleral ulcers. Given that the sclera and cornea collectively constitute the complete external structure of the eyeball and both have the same tissue and cell origin, we attempted to identify scleral materials to treat lamellar and penetrating corneal injuries. Based on research in our center, antigenic components in decellularized porcine sclera (DPS) were removed using a simplified decellularization method, leaving the collagen structure and active components undamaged. DPS preserved the mechanical properties and did not significantly inhibit the proliferation and replication of human corneal epithelial cells. In vivo, the graft epithelium healed well after lamellar and penetrating scleral grafting, and the graft thickness did not change evidently. DPS can resist suture traction during scleral transplantation and maintain anterior chamber stability until day 28 post-operatively, especially in penetrating repairs. No obvious immune rejection of lamellar or penetrating scleral grafts was found 28 days after DPS transplantation. This study shows that DPS could be used as an alternative material for the emergency repair of corneal perforations and lamellar injuries, representing another application of sclera.

Background: Achieving an appropriate vault is the main concern after the implantation of Implantable Collamer Lens (ICLs) for surgical correction of high myopia. The vault will vary with time and optical parameters, such as accommodation and pupil size. This research is to evaluate the vault change in Myopic and Toric ICLs under different lighting conditions; and to analyze the relationship between vault changes and pupillary responses to light., Methods: We enrolled and analyzed 68 eyes from 68 patients who were implanted with Myopic EVO ICLs; we also included 60 eyes from 60 patients who were implanted with Toric EVO ICLs. The anterior chamber depth, pupil size and the post-operative vault were evaluated, 1 week after the operation, using a Visante Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) under different lighting conditions. For each eye that was assessed, we calculated the vault change, which is defined as the difference between vault under mesopic condition and photopic condition; and the rate of vault change, which is defined as the vault change divided by mesopic vault., Results: No significant difference was noted with the anterior chamber depth between mesopic and photopic conditions in either group. A significant decrease in vault and pupil size was detected under photopic condition in both groups. We found no difference in vault change between Myopic and Toric EVO ICLs under different lighting conditions. Moreover, the rate of vault change had a significant decrease with increased mesopic vault (baseline value)., Conclusions: Too low a mesopic vault has a big rate of vault change, which may cause the contact of ICL with crystalline lens in photopic state; Too high a mesopic vault would constrict the posterior movement of pupil. The findings of the study suggest that, for patients with high or low vault, we should be more careful and must perform checks in different lighting conditions., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background and Objectives: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common condition affecting of most postmenopausal women, which greatly impacks the quality of life,and need to treat. This prospective multicenter cohort study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the fractional carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser with that of topical estrogen for vaginal treatment and relieving symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)., Study Design/materials and Methods: This study included 162 postmenopausal patients who received vaginal laser or topical Estriol cream therapy between January 2017 and May 2019 at eight study centers in China. The degree of GSM-related symptoms (vaginal burning, dryness, and dyspareunia) was evaluated using the Vaginal Health Index score (VHIS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment. The primary endpoint was the improvement in vaginal burning, dryness, and dyspareunia at 6 months after treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the rate of improvement in the two groups., Results: At baseline, the laser and control groups showed no significant difference in the mean age, time after menopause, and the VHIS (all P > 0.05). In the laser group, compared with baseline, significant differences were seen in the VHIS after the first or second treatment session and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment (P < 0.01). In the control group, compared with baseline, the VHIS showed significant differences after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference after 3 and 6 months of follow-up between the two groups (P > 0.05). The VHIS scores were significantly higher after 1 month (16.63 ± 2.79 vs. 15.57 ± 2.43) and 12 months (15.72 ± 2.59 vs. 12.12 ± 4.08) of treatment in both the groups (P < 0.05). At 6 months after treatment, both groups showed improvement in vaginal burning, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia (P > 0.05). The VAS findings at 6 months posttreatment were significantly different when compared with the pretreatment findings (P < 0.001). There were no significant adverse effects in the two groups., Conclusions: Fractional CO 2 laser vaginal treatment could be a safe and effective option for treating symptoms of GSM, including vaginal burning, dryness, and dyspareunia. The improvement in symptoms was comparable with that seen with topical estrogen therapy and lasted for at least 6-12 months posttreatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC., (© 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: Short-term administration of oral nutritional supplements can improve the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. However, such treatment is associated with high cost. The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the benefits of the short-term administration of a low-cost, intradialytic, protein-rich meal on selected parameters of the nutritional status in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis., Methods: This was a 6-month single-center, prospective interventional study. Stable hemodialysis patients aged ≥18 years with a concentration of serum albumin <40 g/L were eligible for inclusion in this study. Patients allocated to the intervention group (IG) received nutritional counseling plus a low-cost, intradialytic, protein-rich meal thrice weekly over a period of 3 months, followed by a treatment-free period of 3 months. Patients allocated to the control group (CG) received nutritional counseling alone. Changes in serum albumin and body composition were investigated., Results: At the start of the study, both groups were similar except for the levels of C-reactive protein (P = .034) and hemoglobin (P = .003). At the end of the study period, the level of serum albumin (P = .001) was significantly increased with increased protein intake in the IG (P = .048). However, this difference was not sustained during the follow-up period after termination of therapy. In the IG, the levels of serum albumin were significantly decreased between months 3 and 6 (P < .001), whereas those in the CG remained unchanged. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the two groups in the levels of C-reactive protein and body composition., Conclusion: The short-term administration of a low-cost, intradialytic, protein-rich meal (i.e., 200 mL milk plus two egg whites) resulted in a significant improvement in the levels of serum albumin versus nutritional counseling alone. This inexpensive nutritional intervention was feasible for the treatment of Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of EXOSEAL vascular closure device (EVCD) insertion by comparing its performance with manual compression (MC) in achieving hemostasis at the brachial artery puncture site., Methods: A retrospective study of brachial artery access by using either MC or EVCD for achieving hemostasis from March 2016 to October 2017 was conducted. Patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) undergoing percutaneous transbrachial procedures were included. Time to hemostasis (TTH) was the primary efficacy end point. Seven-day incidence of major access site-related complications was the primary safety end point. TTH and major and minor complications associated with treatment of these 2 groups were also evaluated., Results: A total of 157 patients with TBAD undergoing percutaneous transbrachial procedures entered the analysis. Of these, 107 patients underwent EVCD insertion and 50 patients underwent MC. The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. TTH was significantly shorter for EVCD over MC (P < 0.05). The TTH ≥10 min in the MC group was 100.0% (n = 50), but in the EVCD group, it was ≤2 min, 87.9% (n = 107); 2-5 min, 7.5% (n = 107); and ≥10 min, 4.7% (n = 107). The EVCD group had several major complications, while the MC group had none. Two patients (1.9%, n = 107) required vascular repair, one patient (0.6%, n = 107) required blood transfusion, and 1 patient (0.6%, n = 107) developed upper limb numbness and weakness after EVCD deployment. Minor complication such as the occurrence of hematoma (≤5 cm) in the MC group was 4 (8.0%) but was also 4 (3.7%) in the EVCD group, showing statistically significant difference (P = 0.030). The incidence of ecchymosis was 8 (7.5%) in the EVCD group when compared with 13 (26.0%) in the MC group, which showed statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). Other major and minor complications showed no significant differences between these 2 groups., Conclusions: After invasive procedures by 6F percutaneous access via the brachial artery in preprocedurally fully anticoagulated patients, TTH was significantly reduced in patients who underwent EVCD when compared with patients who underwent MC. MC is a safer and more convenient way to achieve hemostasis but has higher incidence of minor complications., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ginsenosides are not only the principal bioactive components but also the important indexes to the quality assessment of Panax ginseng Meyer. Their contents in cultivated ginseng vary with the growth environment and age. The present study aimed at evaluating the significant difference between 36 cultivated ginseng of different cultivation areas and ages based on the simultaneously determined contents of 14 ginsenosides., Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) method was developed and used in the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode (HPLC-MRM/MS) for the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, was applied to discriminate ginseng samples of various cultivation areas and ages and to discover the differentially accumulated ginsenoside markers., Results: The developed HPLC-MRM/MS method was validated to be precise, accurate, stable, sensitive, and repeatable for the simultaneous determination of 14 ginsenosides. It was found that the 3- and 5-yr-old ginseng samples were differentiated distinctly by all means of multivariate statistical analysis, whereas the 4-yr-old samples exhibited similarity to either 3- or 5-yr-old samples in the contents of ginsenosides. Among the 14 detected ginsenosides, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, 20(S)-Rf, 20(S)-Rh1, and Rb3 were identified as potential markers for the differentiation of cultivation ages. In addition, the 5-yr-old samples were able to be classified in cultivation area based on the contents of ginsenosides, whereas the 3- and 4-yr-old samples showed little differences in cultivation area., Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the HPLC-MRM/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analysis provides deep insight into the accumulation characteristics of ginsenosides and could be used to differentiate ginseng that are cultivated in different areas and ages., (© 2018 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.)

Background: Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard treatment for R/R B-NHL, while chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy targeting CD19 emerges as an alternative strategy. Here we report a comparative analysis of the two strategies in a single center., Methods: We performed a prospective single-arm study of CAR-T therapy in 29 patients with R/R B-NHL and compared the outcomes with contemporaneous 27 patients who received ASCT. NHL was diagnosed by histopathological assessments, and the safety and efficacy were compared., Results: The CAR-T group exhibited better rates of CR (48.0% vs. 20.8%, P=0.046) and one-year OS (74.4% vs. 44.5%, P=0.044) compared with the ASCT group. Subpopulation analysis showed that patients with IPI scores ≥ 3 achieved significantly higher ORR and CR rates in the CAR-T group than in the ASCT group (ORR: 72.0% vs. 10.0%, P=0.002; CR: 38.9% vs 0% P=0.030, respectively). The most common severe adverse events in the CAR-T group were cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity and infection compared with cytopenia, gastrointestinal toxicity and infection in the ASCT group. Additionally, the incidence of non-hematologic severe adverse events (SAEs) was markedly lower in the CAR-T group than in the ASCT group (20.7% vs. 48.1% P=0.030)., Conclusion: CAR-T therapy exhibited superior clinical outcomes in safety and efficacy over ASCT in patients with R/R B-NHL, suggesting CAR-T may be a recommended alternative to ASCT.

Introduction and Hypothesis: To clarify whether the pulse electrical field (PEF) caused by transcutaneous low-frequency nerve electrical stimulation (TENS) enhances the proliferation of cervical cancer cells, leading to recurrence and metastasis, and the effect of such a PEF on a cervical cancer mouse model., Methods: 1. In vitro experiment: SiHa cervical cancer cells treated with one session of microsecond PEFs for 30 min were divided into four groups: three experimental groups and the control group. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by CCK-8 proliferation and Transwell chamber Matrigel migration assay. 2. In vivo experiment: A mouse cancer model was established by subcutaneous implantation of SiHa cells that were then were randomly divided into the TENS group and control group. The former group received one session of TENS treatment and the control group received a sham pulse. The growth trend and tumor volume of each group were compared 28 days after PEF treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of the tumor were determined by an immunohistochemical method., Results: (1) The CCK-8 proliferation assay and cell migration ability showed no difference after PEF stimulation treatment (F = 2.478, P = 0.136 > 0.05 and F = 0.364, P = 0.779). (2) Tumor growth, size and weight showed no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Expression of VEGF, CD34, caspase-3 and Ki-67 in the tumor tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups., Conclusions: In vitro and in vivo experiments (mice) showed that the PEF created by TENS had no effect on the proliferation and migration of SiHa cervical cancer cells and also had no effect on the tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation.

Ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium L. were determined using developed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) method with electrospray ionization and orbitrap MS analyzer in negative ionization mode. Optimal UPLC separation was achieved using a mixture of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase in linear gradient elution. The MS parameters were optimized for reliable detection with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, and improved identification and quantification of ginsenosides. The applicability of this method was demonstrated on ginsenosides from Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), Panax ginseng (Chinese ginseng) and Panax notoginseng (Sanchi) roots and products. The differences between Chinese and Northern American Panax quinquefolium L., main roots and hair roots, and products from different pharmacy were investigated. The results were also confirmed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminatory analysis. It indicated that the strategy can be extended to rapid and accurate authentication of Panax genus., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The BTK and JAK3 receptor tyrosine kinases are two validated and therapeutically amenable targets in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Here we report the identification of several classes of pyrimidine derivatives as potent BTK and JAK3 dual inhibitors. Among these molecules, approximately two thirds displayed strong inhibitory capacity at less than 10 nM concentration, and four compounds (7e, 7g, 7m and 7n) could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of BTK and JAK3 enzymes at concentrations lower than 1 nM. Additionally, these pyrimidine derivatives also exhibited enhanced activity to block the proliferation of B-cell lymphoma cells compared with the representative BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. In particular, two structure-specific compounds 7b and 7e displayed stronger activity than reference agents in cell-based evaluation, with IC 50 values lower than 10 μM. Further biological studies, including flow cytometric analysis, and a xenograft model for in vivo evaluation, also indicated their efficacy and low toxicity in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. These findings provide a new insight for the development of novel anti-B-cell lymphoma drugs with multi-target actions., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate morphological structure of uterosacral ligament (USL) and cardinal ligament (CL) in patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by MRI technology, and to analysis and discuss its clinical significance., Methods: From November 2013 to February 2014 in Peking University People's Hospital, 26 elderly patients with III-IV degree of POP were selected as the POP group and 18 healthy elderly volunteers were selected as the control group during the same period. Pelvic MRI examination were performed in the two groups. The morphological characteristics of left and right side of the uterosacral-cardinal ligament on MRI and the attachment site of the starting and ending points between two group were described and compared., Results: In POP group, 25 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [58% (15/26)] or coccygeal muscle [38% (10/26)], ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [58% (15/26)] or cervix [38% (10/26)]; 24 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex [31% (8/26)] or coccygeal muscle [62% (16/26)], 26 cases of right USL ending point were located in the cervix and vagina [62% (16/26)] or cervix [38% (10/26)]; the left and right CL in the POP group and the control group were both from the sacroiliac joint at the top of the greater sciatic foramen from the ipsilateral pelvic side wall; 1 case (4%, 1/26) of left CL in the POP group completely connected to the bladder, 10 cases (38%, 10/26) partly connected to the bladder; 14 cases (54%, 14/26) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. In the control group, 17 cases of left USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (7/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (12/18) or cervix (6/18); 18 cases of right USL starting point were located in the sacrospinous ligament/coccygeal muscle complex (10/18) or coccygeal muscle (8/18), ending point were located in the cervix and vagina (13/18) or cervix (5/18); 8 cases (8/18) of left CL partly connected to the bladder; 15 cases (15/18) of right CL partly connected to the bladder, the rest ending points of left and right CL were located in cervix and (or) vagina. There was no significant difference between the two groups on the starting and ending points (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: The observation of MRI could be consistent with the clinical anatomy on the starting and ending points, direction of travel in the uterosacral-cardinal ligament. The starting and ending points of the left and right side USL and the ending points of the left and right side CL are not completely symmetrical, the variation degree is large, some CL could be completely or partly inserted to the bladder.

Alternative splicing of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene results in several GR isoforms, we examined their expression (GRα, GRβ, GRγ and GR-P) by real-time RT-PCR in glucocorticoid (GC) sensitive (CEM-C7), GC resistant (CEM-C1) cells and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, to determine the association of GR isoform expression profiles and GC resistance in adult ALL patients. With GC treatment, GR levels in C1 cells showed no obvious changes. In C7 cells, the mRNA levels of GRα, GRβ and GRγ first increased and then decreased, whereas GR-P mRNA had a continued rising trend. C7 cells had a higher GRα/GRγ, lower GRα/GR-P and GRγ/GR-P ratios than C1 cells (P < 0.01). In adult ALL patients, GRγ mRNA varied in different ALL stages (complete remission CR 15.82 vs. relapsed 8.21 vs. initial 1.93 P < 0.05). It also did in the ratios between GR isoforms that GRα/GRγ and GRα/GR-P in initial patients were higher than relapsed and CR (P < 0.05), while GRγ/GR-P in CR was higher than initial and relapsed patients (P < 0.05). GR-P mRNA in T-ALL patients was much higher than that in B-ALL patients (P < 0.05). Peripheral blood hemoglobin (HB) was positively correlated with GRα mRNA and GR-P mRNA (P < 0.05), while white blood cells (WBC) negatively correlated with GRγ mRNA (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that GR autoinduction is more important to GC sensitivity than its basal level expression. GC sensitivity is also significantly correlated with GRα mRNA and mildly associated with GRβ mRNA expression. Both GRγ mRNA and the ratios between GR isoforms (GRα/GRγ, GRα/GR-P and GRγ/GR-P) are correlated with ALL stages. The changes of mRNA expression levels of GRα, GR-P and GRγ may provide valuable information for GC resistance. Peripheral blood HB and WBC affect GR isoform expression.

Objective: To identify pre-operative demographic and urodynamic (UD) parameters related to overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms of pre-operation and persistence of after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair., Methods: From Jan 1, 2010 to Oct 31, 2012, this perspective study examined demographic and UD data of 175 patients undergoing POP surgery. Pre- and post- operative urinary distress inventory 6 (UDI- 6) scores for frequency and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) were analyzed, and correlations between scores and pre-operative UD data were also analyzed., Results: (1)Surgery resulted in a improvement of frequency (71.0% , 71/100) and UUI (69.2% , 63/91) at 12-24 months follow-up. (2)Pre-operative UD parameters: first desire of bladder <100 ml, 6.3% (11/175); detrusor overactivity, 14.9% (26/175); post-void residual ≥50 ml, 11.4% (20/175); maximal flow rate (Qmax), (16±7) ml/s. (3)Comparison of pre- operative UD datas between patients with OAB symptoms and without, with OAB symptoms group had more patients of type III stress urinary incontinence [5% (5/91) versus 0 (0/84), P = 0.022]. (4)Qmax was higher in improvement in UUI group than that in persistent UUI after POP repair [(17±7) ml/s versus (13±5) ml/s, P < 0.01]., Conclusions: POP repair significantly reduces OAB symptoms; however, there had not exact predictor for symptoms of persistent frequency, UUI after POP repair. Persistent UUI symptom may be related to Qmax of pre-operative UD.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the rate and mode of degradation of individual histatin proteins in whole saliva to establish the impact on its functional domains. Pure synthetic histatins 1, 3, and 5 were incubated with whole saliva supernatant as the enzyme source, and peptides in the resultant digests were separated by reverse-phase-HPLC and structurally characterized by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The overall V(max)/K(m) ratios, a measure of proteolytic efficiency, were on the order of histatin-5 > histatin-3 > histatin-1. Mathematical models predict that histatins 1, 3, and 5 levels in whole saliva stabilize at 5.1, 1.9, and 1.2 microM, representing 59, 27, and 11% of glandular histatins 1, 3, and 5 levels, respectively. Monitoring of the appearance and disappearance of histatin fragments yielded the identification of the first targeted enzymatic cleavage sites as K(13) and K(17) in histatin 1, R(22), Y(24), and R(25) in histatin 3, and Y(10), K(11), R(12), K(13), H(15), E(16), K(17), and H(18) in histatin 5. The data indicate that metal-binding, antifungal, and wound-healing domains are largely unaffected by the primary cleavage events in whole saliva, suggesting a sustained functional activity of these proteins in the proteolytic environment of the oral cavity.

Proteases present in oral fluid effectively modulate the structure and function of some salivary proteins and have been implicated in tissue destruction in oral disease. To identify the proteases operating in the oral environment, proteins in pooled whole saliva supernatant were separated by anion-exchange chromatography and individual fractions were analyzed for proteolytic activity by zymography using salivary histatins as the enzyme substrates. Protein bands displaying proteolytic activity were particularly prominent in the 50-75 kDa region. Individual bands were excised, in-gel trypsinized and subjected to LC/ESI-MS/MS. The data obtained were searched against human, oral microbial and protease databases. A total of 13 proteases were identified all of which were of mammalian origin. Proteases detected in multiple fractions with cleavage specificities toward arginine and lysine residues, were lactotransferrin, kallikrein-1, and human airway trypsin-like protease. Unexpectedly, ten protease inhibitors were co-identified suggesting they were associated with the proteases in the same fractions. The inhibitors found most frequently were alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and leukocyte elastase inhibitor. Regulation of oral fluid proteolysis is highly important given that an inbalance in such activities has been correlated to a variety of pathological conditions including oral cancer.

A series of highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks with diverse symmetries have been successfully synthesized by using phenolic resols as a carbon precursor and mixed amphiphilic surfactants of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) and reverse PPO-PEO-PPO as templates by the strategy of evaporation-induced organic-organic self-assembly (EISA). The transformation of the ordered mesostructures from face-centered (Fd3m) to body-centered cubic (Im3m), then 2D hexagonal (P6mm), and eventually to cubic bicontinuous (Ia3d) symmetry has been achieved by simply adjusting the ratio of triblock copolymers to resol precursor and the relative content of PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer F127, as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen-sorption measurements. The blends of block copolymers can interact with resol precursors and tend to self-assemble into cross-linking micellar structures during the solvent-evaporation process, which provides a suitable template for the construction of mesostructures. The assembly force comes from the hydrogen-bonding interactions between organic mixed micelles and the resol-precursor matrix. The BET surface area for the mesoporous carbonaceous samples calcined at 600 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere is around 600 m2 g(-1), and the pore size can be adjusted from 2.8 to 5.4 nm. An understanding of the organic-organic self-assembly behavior in the mixed amphiphilic surfactant system would pave the way for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with controllable structures.