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The mediaeval necropolis of Alcáçova do Castelo is located in Mértola, Southern Portugal, and dates from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The archaeological campaigns started in 1978 and continue today, having yielded more than 759 graves. This report discusses an ectopic tooth eruption observed in skeleton 535, an adult female individual. A distal right permanent lower molar presents an ectopic eruption at the posterior margin of the coronoid process. On the opposite side, the first and second permanent molars are present, the left permanent lower third molar is absent and the mandibular ramus cannot be evaluated since it is broken off and lost. Tooth migration (heteropia) is a common pathological condition documented in clinical literature. However ectopic eruption of lower distal molars is a rare event, and there are few known cases. This is the first case described in archaeological populations worldwide.

Triscupid annular motion is related to right ventricular systolic function in the same way mitral annulus motion is related to left ventricular function. Tricuspid annular excursion reflects the longitudinal motion of the right ventricle, and the systolic descent of the anulus correlates with systolic venous inflow to the right atrium. However, it has not been shown clearly how to reproducibly quantify this motion. Therefore we describe a method to measure triscuspid annular motion using two-dimensional oriented M-mode echocardiography from the apical view. We studied a group of 10 normal subjects (mean age, 28.7 years; range, 25 to 38 years) and a group of 29 patients (mean age, 57.2 years; range, 20 to 84 years) with disease of the left side of the heart but no evidence of involvement of the right side of the heart. In each subject, tricuspid and mitral annular motion were measured respectively at their lateral, septal or medial, anterior, and posterior margin points. The total tricuspid annular motion for normal subjects was, as follows: lateral, 24.9 +/- 3.5 mm; medial, 20.1 +/- 2.5 mm; anterior, 21.6 +/- 3.8 mm; and posterior, 22.3 +/- 2.3 mm. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was low, with a coefficient of variance for the different annular points ranging from 6.19% to 11.56% between observers and from 4.10% to 7.26% within observer. We conclude that it is possible to measure tricuspid annular motion with this method in a reproducible way and to use it as a diagnostic tool in evaluating function of the right side of the heart.

A recent discovery confirms the presence of damesellid trilobites in a late Middle Cambrian fauna from near Beaconsfield. Jago (1980)illustrated and briefly discussed a poorly-preserved late Middle Cambrian fauna from near Beaconsfield, which was discovered by Green (1959). In February 1980, Professor d.Green, Dr M.R. Banks and a party of geology students from the University­ of Tasmania collected further fossils from this locality. The fossils include the best preserved specimen (Plate 1, figs. 1 and 2)so far found at this locality. It is a substantially completle trilobite cranidium of a member of the Damesellidae; both the in­ ternal and external moulds are available. Of the specimens figured in Jago (1980) the cranidium figured in pl.1, fig. 17 and the pygidium figured in pl.1, fig. 21 probably belong in the same species as the newly discovered cranidium. As far as can be deter­mined, the Beaconsfield specimens probably belong in a new genus of the Damesellidae, which is characterized by a substantial spine emerging from the posterior margin of the occipita1 ring and a glabel1a, with a broadly rounded anterior, which stops well short of the anterior margin of the cranidium. However, the preservation is not adequate to war­rant formal description of the material and the erection of either a new species or a new genus.

THE spatial pattern of cellular differentiation in the chick limb can be viewed in terms of positional information. For the antero–posterior axis of the wing, positional information seems to be specified by reference to a group of cells at the posterior margin of the limb bud—the zone of polarising activity (ZPA)1–3. By grafting an additional ZPA to different positions along the antero–posterior axis, we found that structures form according to their distance from the nearest ZPA. For instance, digit 4 forms nearest to the ZPA, then digit 3, then digit 2. We suggested that cells might measure distance by means of a diffusible morphogen produced by the ZPA, the concentration of which falls as distance from the ZPA increases. The responding cells are able to interpret the concentration of the morphogen, and so behave according to their position. If it is the concentration of morphogen that specifies which digit shall form, then lowering the concentration of morphogen adjacent to the ZPA should result in digit 3 being formed next to the ZPA instead of digit 4. If the concentration is lowered still further, digit 2, and finally no additional digit should form next to the ZPA. We have obtained such an attenuation of positional signalling by treating the ZPA with increasing doses of γ radiation.

Sometimes recurrent vitreous hemorrhages occur during the course of intermediary uveitis. As a rule, hemorrhages from newly-formed vessels immediately behind the posterior margin of the vitreous base ( juxtabasal vasoproliferations ) progress subhyaloidally toward the posterior pole and invade the vitreous gel through the prefoveal hole of the detached posterior hyaloid membrane. On the other hand, weak juxtabasal hemorrhages cause only a circumscribed flat peripheral detachment of the vitreous body and ooze locally into the vitreous gel. Therefore, hemorrhages within the anterior part of the vitreous body in intermediary uveitis do not always originate from newly formed vessels within the vitreous base, but sometimes from juxtabasal vasoproliferations .

The notch in the posterior margin of the 5th abdominal segment of the ♂ elm leaf beetle is wider than that of the female. It is a reliable character for sexing the beetles both as adults and pupae.

We are reporting a case of posterior lumbar intervertebral disc sequestration with rostral migration and erosion of the medial caudal aspect of the pedicle and the posterior margin of the vertebral body

The left portal vein and its connective tissue frequently mimic the posterior margin of the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver on transverse and occasionally on longitudinal ultrasonograms. This may create the impression that the tissue posterior to the left portal vein is extrahepatic (e.g., pancreatic) in origin. The pertinent anatomical relationships and methods of avoiding confusion are discussed.

Dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon occurred in an 18-year-old man and in a 36-year-old woman during running activities. Several years earlier both patients had suffered minor injuries to the affected ankle. The mechanism of the current injury was dorsal flexion and inversion of the foot. Suturing the flexor retinaculum to the posterior margin of the medial malleolus obtained good results in both cases. Dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon is rare, but should be considered in athletes with even minor traumas to the foot accom panied by pain on the inside of the ankle.

Head white; eye fuscons; labial palpus black, white at base beneath; antenna light wood brown, strongly bipectinate; body above white; abdomen with prominent black segmental bands above; bodv beneath white; legs white, with inner surface af front legs and distal parts of middle and hind tarsal segments infuscated. Fore wing above shining white, with narrow black contrasting markings; antemedial line nearly complete, the anterior element usualIy elongate and joining the remainder of the line, the rest of the line sigmoidal, acutely inflected on anal fold and near 3rd A; discocellular mark large and annular, complete or nearly so; postmedial line complete and of uniform width, excurved behind costa, then oblique to posterior margin; a narrow but distinct fuscous terminal line; fringe white. Hind wing above white; a postmedial row of more or less distinct black dots on veins in anterior part of wing; terminal line and fringe as on fore wing. Wings beneath white, markings of upper surface seen faintly by translucency; postmedial dots of hind wing well marked near costa; terminal line and fringe as above. Expanse 3 1-37 mm.

The spine is 40 mm. in length, by 5 mm. in width at the junction _L of the inserted and exserted portions; from this point the spine gradually narrows to a moderately fine point at the apex. The posterior margin is nearly straight, the anterior one gently curved, the curve being more marked distally. The lateral surfaces meet in front at a moderately acute angle, the spine being much laterally compressed. The posterior surface is concave, and each margin is armed with the usual well-marked recurved denticles. The sides of the exserted portion are ornamented with a longitudinal series of ganoine-coated, tuberculated ridges.

Length, apex of head to tips of wings 5.75 mm.; width of wing at apex of clavus 1.75 mm.Vertex broad, transverse, resembling pini, median length distinctly less than half as great as width at middle of posterior margin; anterior margin very broadly arcuate, posterior margin scarcely less so. Frons almost twice as long at middle as is clypeus, slightly transversely elevated just before lower margin; greatest width equal to median length. Pronotum with posterior margin slightly obtusely angulate at middle. Mesonotum tricarinate, median carina well defined anteriorly but obsolescent at apex, lateral carinae entire, distinctly divergent posteriorly.

Through the courtesy of the Assistant Director ot the Geological Survey (Scotland) and of Professor A. E. Trueman, the writer has been privileged to examine a fossil insect wing collected in 1942, by W. E. Graham, from the Upper Coal Measures (Tenuis Zone) of Cumberland. The fossil, which is associated with Anthraconauta phillipsi and A. aff. tenuis, was found at a point 260 yards S.E. of the culvert which carries Jockie’s Syke below the London and North Eastern Railway. Jockie’s Syke is a tributary entering the Liddel Water on its left bank between Riddings Junction and Penton. The red rocks here are the continuation east of the Liddel Water of the Barren Red Measures of the Canonbie Coalfield. The specimens, consisting of part and counterpart (Geol. Surv. Coll. Reg. Nos. V2235 and 2236) occur in a fissile, reddish-purple shale. Only a small portion of the tegmen is present, but sufficient of the structure can be identified to diagnose the blattoid as Mylacris similis Handlirsch, of the family Mylacridae Scudder and Order Blattoidea Handlirsch. The fragment measures 0.8 cms. in length and 0.6 cms. in width and the surface of the wing appears smooth and polished. The wing was probably roughly ovate in form with a gently arcuate and cordate anterior margin and an almost straight posterior margin (Fig. 1). Only three veins are to be seen in the subcostal area and two of these are furcate. This area was obviously triangular and not strap-shaped as in Archimylacrids, the veins radiating This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract

Catocala Sara, n. sp.Expanse 3.10 inches. A form in size and general appearance resembling C. Aspasia, Streck., but having much darker colored fore wings, besides other points of difference. Primaries blackish gray from the base to the t. a. line, along the posterior margin to the subterminal line, and from this in a broad band to the costa, the inner part of this band running along the inner side of the reniform. This color is formed of a black or brownish black ground, sprinkled with white scales. This leaves a pale space between the stigmata from the median vein to the costa, and the whole end of the wing beyond the dark space spoken of. T. a. line indistinct, of the ground color, but with less white scales; t. p. line distinct anteriorly, one large and one small tooth opposite the reniform. Subterminal space scarcely tinged with brown, the subterminal line white with a sprinkling of black scales. Orbicular indistinct, black with a few white scales, reniform with a few white scales and an annulus of gray, Terminal space gray. Secondaries rosy red, the median band very much as in the form Walshii, not reaching the inner margin, a little constricted opposite the disc, beyond this a little enlarged, after which it narrows to less than half tlie costal width. Terminal line like Walshii, with an internal excavation before the anal angle that reaches half through the band.

Apterous Male. —General color light brown, covered with short brown pubescence; legs, sides of body, and two basal segments of the antennae with longer hairs and a few scattered setae. Head with median impressed line, crossed by two inverted V's, the anterior one running to in front of the eyes, the posterior one at the posterior margin of the head. Connexiva nearly vertical and about three-fourths the width of dorsum, extending beyond the last abdominal segment to form a long stout projection equaling in length the genital segments. Venter covered with long hairs of the same color as on the dorsum; venter with a faint carina that terminates in a small round projection on the last abdominal segment.

Acanthohaustorius bousfieldi n. sp. andA. similis n. sp. (Amphipoda: Haustoriidae) are described from the offshore bottom sands of the New York Bight and Long Island Sound regions.

1. Large; forearm 57 to 75 mm, greatest length of the skull 18 to 23 mm; skull robust, with well-developed sagittal and lambdoidal crests; rostrum with narial swellings poorly defined, almost flat R. microphyllum Small; forearm 46 to 63 mm, greatest length of the skull 14 to 19 mm; skull slender and with rounded braincase; lambdoidal and sagittal crests poorly developed; rostrum with well-defined narial swellings 2 2. Muzzle with well-developed transverse dermal ridge; narial inflations rounded; posterior margin of palate rounded .... R. hardwickii

Specimens of a new species of Trombicula were collected on Bougainville Island by J. M. Fritts, PhM2c, during the summer and fall of 1944. These specimens are described under the name Trombicula frittsi. Womersley and Heaslip (1943) devised a series of standard measurements of the scutum. Their system is adopted and the designations of the measurements follow: AW-distance between the bases of the anterior-lateral setae. PW-distance between the bases of the posterior-lateral setae. SB-distance between the centers of the pseudostigmata. ASB-greatest perpendicular distance from a line drawn through the centers of the pseudostigmata to the anterior margin of the scutum. PSB-greatest perpendicular distance from a line drawn through the centers of the pseudostigmata to the posterior margin of the scutum. AP-distance between the bases of the anterior-lateral and posterior-lateral

THE suggestion put forward by Walton1 that the presence of small teeth and chitinous elevations in the pharynx of Micronecta indicates that this Hemipteran ingests and masticates particulate food material appears to be true for other families of the Cryptocerata. There exists in many, and probably all, species of Corixidae a type of feeding mechanism which does not seem to have been recorded. This takes the form of a modification of the cibarial suction pump2 in such a manner as to produce a pair of chitinous jaws having a structure and position strongly suggesting that they function as organs for the comminution of solid material. It is a mechanism more elaborate in form than that found in Micronecta. The whole ventral wall of the cibarial pump consists of a curved chitinous plate having a thickened posterior margin. The anterior border of this plate appears to be folded back and modified into a transverse triangular bar set with rows of minute tooth-like projections. Above this bar and articulating with it at its lateral ends lies a second chitinous bar formed by the thickened dorsal wall of the cibarium and similarly equipped with teeth or rugosities (Fig.1). The two bars have the appearance of a pair of grinding jaws, and although the musculature of the organ has not been studied in detail, enough has been noted to support this supposition.

With the general characteristics of the Microgyna Group. Head, exclusive of mandibles, almost as broad as long, slightly broader behind than in front, with convex posterior margin and corners and nearly straight sides. Clypeus prominently carinate its entire length, the anterior border entire and somewhat angularly projecting, its median lobe large, broad and convex, abruptly set off from the lateral portions. Frontal area triangular, broader than long, its apical angle not well marked. Frontal carinae strongly divergent. Frontal furrow distinct, extending two-thirds of the distance from apex of frontal triangle to the median ocellus. Mandibles stout, 8-toothed. Antennal scapes slightly curved at base, rather stout, evenly thickened from base to apex and extending about one-third their length beyond posterior corners of the head; funicular joints longer than broad; basal joints much longer and narrower than apical joints; basal joint longest, terminal joint nearly as 'Long as the two preceding joints taken together and tapering toward the apex.

Adult female reddish or brownish ochreous with a dark marginal zone, to uniform dark castaneous. Broadly oval to sub circular; flat; margin evenly rounded, without trace of stigmatic clefts (fig. 1, a). Anal cleft completely fused, its position marked by a slight ridge and thickening of the derm. Anal operculum approximately central, the distance from posterior margin of body to anterior extremity of operculum being equivalent to nine-twentieths of the total length. Valves of operculum (fig. 1, d) elongate; basal edge nearly twice as long as outer edge; inner edge more than twice the length of the outer edge. Antenna (fig. 1, c) 7-jointed: formula, 3,7, (2, 4), 5, 6, or (3, 4, 7), 2, 5, 6. In some examples there are traces of a division in the third joint.

The male of Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909, previously known only by a single specimen, is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. H. vidua, a parasite of Malayan civets, belongs to a haemaphysalid group with unusual capitular formations related to H. bispinosa Neumann. Haemaphysalis vidua was described by Warburton and Nuttall (1909) from a single male specimen taken in company with "H. leachii" from a Palm Civet, Paradoxurus sp., in the Federated Malay States, March 1909, by Dr. A. T. Stanton. It has not been reported since that time, and the female has remained unknown. This interesting species differs from other haemaphysalids in a peculiar uptilt of the basal margins of the palpi. Given only a brief description and rough sketch of H. vidua, based on a single individual, one might wonder whether this specimen could have been an imperfectly developed one. Study of the presently reported series, however, indicates that H. vidua is a valid species with several unique structural features, some of which have previously been unrecognized. Recently, through the kindness of Professor John R. Hendrickson of the Department of Zoology, University of Malaya at Kuala Lumpur, we have been privileged to receive some outstanding collections of Malayan ticks. Among these were 11 males and 1 female of H. vidua taken from a Malay Civet, Viverra tangalunga Gray, at Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaya, on 12 October 1961, by Ben Ensoll, together with specimens of H. dentipalpis Warburton and Nuttall, H. koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, and immature stages of Haemaphysalis sp. and Amblyomma sp. The specimens of "H. leachii" reported with H. vidua in Warburton and Nuttall's Received for publication 25 July 1962. From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington 25, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. original description of this species were probably actually H. koningsbergeri. The description and sketch of the male H. vidua in Warburton and Nuttall (1909) and in Nuttall and Warburton (1915, p. 495-496) provide only an incomplete taxonomic diagnosis of this species and are not sufficiently detailed for modern needs. The present study is part of a larger work designed to elucidate the phylogenetic position of H. vidua and other members of this genus. The male is here redescribed and the female described for the first time. We are grateful to Professor Hendrickson for this fine material. Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 (figs. 1-14) Redescription. Male: Length from apex of palpi to posterior margin of scutum measures approximately 2.0 mm, width 1.2 mm. Color yellowish. Capitulum (figs. 5, 6). Basis capituli essentially rectangular and with moderate cornua; length (including cornua) approximately 2.3 of width; surface with a few scattered minute punctations; lateral margins slightly convex bordering cornua; posterior margin straight between cornua; cornua widely triangular, apex bluntly rounded, almost half as long as base. Basis capituli ventrally bearing approximately 4 sublateral setae and a pair of short posthypostomal bristles. Palpi short, widely triangular, segment 2 with peculiarly uptilted basal margins. Dorsally, segment 1 prominent, with long lateral margin; segment 3 (including basal spur) almost as long as segment 2; segment 2 with long, uncurved, uptilted basal margin, basolateral juncture acutely recurved, lateral margin short (in some specimens even shorter than herein illustrated), inner margin long and sinuous; segment 3 widely triangular with short inner margin, long lateral margin, and basal margin which is slightly longer than apical margin of segment 2 and bears a short but widely triangular spur; segment 1 bearing one lateral seta; segment 2 bearing two lateral setae, two basal setae, and two short, narrow inner setae; segment 3 bearing at least two setae. Ventrally

RECENT authors have followed McKay (1881: 87) in applying the name Pomoxis [Pomoxys of McKay] sparoides (Lacepede) to the black crappie. A reexamination of the original description fails to justify McKay's judgment in resurrecting the name sparoides for the species. Labrus sparoides Lacepede, (3, 1802: 449, 517-518, plate 24, fig. 2, and 4, 1802: 718), from "les eaux douces de la Caroline," was based, according to Cuvier (3, 1829: 88-89), solely upon a drawing sent to Lacepede by Bosc under the manuscript name Perca notata. The published figure is abominable, but obviously applies either to the Centrarchus macropterus or Pomoxis sparoides of recent authors. Since no type of Labrus sparoides was preserved the disposition of the name depends upon the poor figure and the description which was apparently drawn from this figure. The description itself applies much better to Centrarchus macropterus than to Pomoxis "sparoides." In the figure the length and position of the dorsal fin agree closely with macropterus (its base projected forward extending far beyond the snout, as in macropterus, rather than to above the eyes as in "sparoides"). Likewise the position of the anal fin fits well with macropterus (its base projected forward extending to below middle of snout as in macropterus, instead of to below posterior margin of eye as in "sparoides"). In fact the figure of Labrus sparoides agrees much better with macropterus in this character than does the original figure of that species on the same plate. The numbers of dorsal and anal spines as given in the text (D. X, 12; A. X, 16; although I count D. X, 12; A. IX, 16 in the figure) agree far better with macropterus (D. XI to XIII, 12 to 15; A. VII to IX, 13 to 17) than with "sparoides" (D. VII or VIII, 14 to 17; A. VI or rarely VII, 16 to 20). The total numbers of dorsal rays (22) and anal rays (25 or 26) agree somewhat more closely with "sparoides" (D. 22 to 24; A. 23 to 26) than with macropterus (D. 23 to 27; A. 20 to 24), but the reproduction of the numbers of soft rays is perhaps erroneous since the pectoral exhibits 8 rays although neither species has less than 12 as a minimum count. In "sparoides" the vertical fin spines are much more sharply graduated in length than in macropterus. The outline of the spinous dorsal in the figure typifies that in macropterus; that of the anal is poor for either species but better represents macropterus. Although the species differ markedly in color pattern no diagnostic characters are evident in the figure. The great depth of the body and general body form agree better with macropterus. In view of the utter inadequacy of this figure and description as applied to the P. sparoides of recent authors it would seem preferable to relegate sparoides to the synonymy of macropterus, despite the discomfiture resulting from a change in the name of a common species, rather than to have the

A new species and new host and geographic records are established for rhinonyssine nasal mites from Louisiana birds. Ptilonyssus bombycillae sp. n. is described from Bombycilla cedrorum. The new species differs from others of the genus by a combination of characters including an almost straight posterior margin of the podosomal plate, 6 pairs of small blunt-tipped dorsal opisthosomal setae, entire pygidial plate, and all 3 anal setae posterior to the anal opening. Also, a new host record is established for Sternostoma hirundinis Fain from B. cedrorum. New geographic records include Rhinoecius cooremani Strandtmann from Strix varia and Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) comb. n. from Zenaidura macroura. The systematics and host relationships of these species are briefly discussed. Continuing studies on the nasal mites of Louisiana birds have revealed a new species, Ptilonyssus bombycillae from Bombycilla cedrorum, and a new host and geographic records for several other rhinonyssine species. The materials and methods, including the designations and abbreviations used in the following description, have been outlined previously (Pence, 1972a). Genus Tinaminyssus Strandtmann and Wharton Strandtmann and Wharton, 1958, Contrib. Inst. Acar. Univ. Md. 4: 161. Synonymy: See Domrow, 1969. Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) comb. n. Neonyssus zenaidurae Crossley, 1952, J. Parasit. 38: 386. Mesonyssus zenaidurae (Crossley) Fain and Aitken, 1967, Bull. Inst. Roy. Soc. Nat. Belg. 43: 39. Additional host record: 1 9 from Zenaidura macroura, mourning dove, Bonnet Carre Floodway, Norco, La., 13 October 1971, D.B.P.

IN August, I took a rather large specimen of Polymatus phloeas (the common copper butterfly), which has a row of four faint silver-blue spots inside the copper band on the posterior margin of the upper surface of the hind wings.

Larvae of the stone crab,Menippe mercenaria Say, were reared from egg to a true crab stage in 27 days on a diet ofArtemia nauplii. They were successfully cultured in swarms and placed in small compartments where their individual development was studied. Six zoeal stages were found and described, although only five are believed to occur normally in nature. One molt per zoeal stage was noted, and from 3 to 6 days were spent in each stage. Pre-zoeae were observed but these did not molt into a first stage. Such diagnostic characters as size and shape of antennae, and segment and seta numbers of endopodites, maxillules, maxillae and second maxillipeds, were constant in all zoeal stages. Telson appearance and chromatophore occurrence may also be helpful in identification. Comparisons were also made between known xanthid zoeae andMenippe zoeae. Experiments on salinity and temperature tolerance of the zoeae indicate that in a temperature range of 23 to 25°C, zoeae may not be able to survive in salinities of 27‰ or lower.

In the course of examinations of Bob-white quail from Texas, three acanthocephalans were found in one bird and one in another. They represent a new species of the family GIGANTORHYNCHIDAE Hamann, 1892, genus Mediorhynchus Van Cleave, 1916. The quail viscera for examination were supplied by Mr. Valgene W. Lehmann; Dr. Asa C. Chandler directed the study. Dr. Harley J. Van Cleave and Dr. Donald V. Moore loaned specimens of other species from their collections for comparison. Mediorhynchus colini new species Diagnosis: Characters of the genus. Male unknown. Females 24 to 31 mm long by 0.6 to 1.0 mm wide. Body slender, ribbon-shaped. Pseudosegmentation slight. Cuticular vascular ducts prominent. Proboscis conical, 288 R wide at base and 292 R long, bearing 84 hooks, each 31 to 35 R long (including the root) and arranged in twelve spiral rows of 7 hooks each. Counted in longitudinal rows, there are twenty-four rows of alternately 3 and 4 hooks. Spines on posterior part of proboscis 26 to 28 R long, arranged in about forty longitudinal rows of 3 spines each. Proboscis receptacle a double-walled muscular sac 1.08 to 1.25 mm long by 274 R wide; both walls thicker dorsally than ventrally. Some of inverter muscle fibers of proboscis emerge from receptacle at posterior margin of outer sac. Retractor muscles of proboscis inserted with proboscis receptacle at boundary between hooks and spines. Lemnisci 3.48 to 3.56 mm long, each with 8 or 9 nuclei. Ovoid brain in center of anterior part of proboscis receptacle. Nearly-mature eggs, in body cavity, with granular outer shell, 29 to 36 R by 18 to 21 R. Host: Colinus virginianus texanus, Texas Bob-white. Location: Jejunum. Locality: Kleberg County, Texas. Type: Mature female mounted on two slides, U. S. Nat. Mus. Helm. Coll. No. 36998.

With the characters of the genus (see Packard, 1883, Daday de Dees, 1926). The shell of the male (Fig. 5) has 4 or 5 indistinct lines of growth. The dorsal hinge line is evenly arcuate, the highest point being just anterior to the middle. The posterior margin is slightly concave just below the end of the hinge, otherwise the outline of the shell makes an even oval. The specimen of maximum size measures 5 by 3 mm. In shape the head of the male differs sharply from that of the female. The main difference lies in the production of the lower angle into a sharp point (Fig. 3). In the male the first antennae are a little longer than in the female but do not show the marked sexual dimorphism as described for E. diversa by Mattox (1937). The first and second trunk appendages (gnathopoda) are not essentially different from the same structures in E. diversa and E. texana Packard. Details of the spination of the second antennae are omitted from this description because of verv considerable variation. This is true also of E. diversa accordinlg to Mattox and E. stoningtonensis according to Berry (1926). I have studied a number of specimens of E. texana Packard also, and it is true of this species. I suspect that all species of the genus are similarly variable.

In a former communication, I 1 suggested a method for the roentgen study of the large interlobar fissures which was cited in the German literature by Holzknecht, 2 later by Eisler 3 and by Wimberger, 4 and which was elaborated in detail by Fleischner. 5 This method is not in common usage, and it is for this reason that cases are presented to illustrate the technic which deserves reintroduction into American usage. ANATOMY The Left Interlobar Fissure .—The left interlobar fissure may be represented by a line beginning from 6 to 8 cm. below the apex at about the level of the third dorsal vertebra, extending from the posterior margin of the medial surface of the lung, backward and slightly upward to the posterior surface, then arching slightly over the posterior convexity and downward; it crosses the fourth interspace in the midaxillary line, to the level of the sixth costal

To the Editor:— The purpose of this letter is to describe a method for the control of the urethral caruncle, not a cure for it. Pathology: The urethral caruncle usually appears as a fiery-red growth or tumor around the distal end of the female urethra or as a pedunculated form from the posterior margin. It is soft, spongy, frequently tender and covered with squamous or stratified epithelium. It may bleed easily to touch or manipulation. A most satisfactory pathologic classification is that of Kimmelstiel and McKay ( Bull Charlotte Mem Hosp , Vol 1, June 1944). They describe two definite groups: (a) Granulomata occur on the floor of the urethra and are usually elevated and red, bleed easily, and are very sensitive. They have a predominance of inflammatory cells of a nonspecific nature. (b) Angiomata usually surround the urethra and are composed of engorged blood vessels which resemble hemorrhoids. These angioma contain

Color white. Movable chela bearing three teeth. Fixed chela about a third as long as movable chela, with a seta-like process near its tip. Anal plate bearing four paired and one unpaired setae, anteriorly truncate, larger than sternal plate. Peritremal and parapodal plates present. A pair of spindle-shaped plates present, one of which lies on either side of the dorsal plate between the latter and coxae I and II. A pair of large setae at posterior margin of dorsal shield.

TwO new monogenetic trematodes Urocleidus nigrofasciatus n. sp. and Urocleidus macropterus n. sp. (Dactylogyridae: Tetraonchinae) are described and a third, Urocleidus wadei Seamster, 1948, is redescribed from freshwater fishes of Mississippi. The present paper is the first report of Tetraonchinae (Dactylogyridae) from freshwater fishes of southern Mississippi. Gills were prepared for examination by the method given by Mizelle (1936) and all specimens were mounted for examination in glycerinewater and glycerol-gelatin media. All measurements (in millimeters) and figures were made with the aid of a calibrated ocular micrometer and a camera lucida. The author wishes to acknowledge the helpful suggestions offered by Dr. John D. Mizelle of Sacramento State College and the cooperation of Mr. Billy Joe Grantham of the Mississippi Fish and Game Commission in collecting the flier sunfish. Urocleidus nigrofasciatus n. sp. Figs. 1-8 Description.-Relatively small Tetraonchinae possessing a smooth cuticula devoid of scales or spines. Body length 0.37 (0.33-0.44), greatest body width 0.08 (0.06-0.09). Cephalic lobes present; cephalic area with two pairs of eye spots, anterior ones smaller than those of posterior pair. Pharnyx, dorsal view, circular in outline, transverse diameter 0.03 (0.02-0.03). Vitellaria distributed laterally in two bands confluent anteriorly at posterior border of pharynx and posteriorly to haptor. Haptor 0.10 (0.09-0.10) wide by 0.06 (0.05-0.07) long. Anchors slightly variable in morphology and size; bases bifurcate with superficial roots longer than deep roots, wings present. Distal portion of each dorsal shaft and point solid and regularly recurved and each ventral shaft bent toward point at junction with base (Figs. 6, 7). Ventral anchors longer and wider than dorsal with superficial roots slightly flattened, length 0.03 (0.03-0.04), base 0.02 (0.02-0.03) wide. Dorsal anchor length 0.03 (0.02-0.03), base 0.02 (0.01-0.02) wide. Haptoral bars dissimilar in size and variable in shape (Figs. 4, 5). Dorsal bar slightly bent posteriad with knobbed ends bent under, length 0.03 (0.02-0.03). Ventral bar longer and heavier, anterior margin with irregular mesial portion, posterior margin slightly tapered, length 0.03 (0.03-0.04). Hooks fourteen in 1 This work is supported by Grant E-2974 from the National Science Foundation.

DURING the period of proliferation of the embryonic disk of the scorpion (Buthus quinquestriatus (H.E.)), an amnio-serosal fold appears at the anterior periphery (Fig. 1). The posterior margin of the embryonic disk up to this stage does not show any trace of either the serosa or the amnion. This is contrary to the findings of Kowalevsky and Schulgin1, who claimed that the amnio-serosal fold, in Androctonus ornatus, arises simultaneously around the whole margin of the embryonic disk.

MESOPLASTRAL bones, a characteristic feature of most amphichelid turtles, are to-day restricted to members of the Pleurodiran family Pelomedusidae. Of the three genera of this family, two (Podocnemis and Pelomedusa) have the mesoplastra reduced to small, widely spaced bones separating the hyoplastra and hypoplastra at the outer part of their common suture. Only in Pelusios are they retained in their pristine contiguous condition, a retention perhaps connected with the necessity of the hyoplastra having a straight posterior margin to allow flexure of the hinged plastron to occur. The mesoplastra of Pelomedusa may be missing as an occasional variant1, but there appears to be no record of mesoplastra having been recorded in a cryptodire; indeed, a fossil plastron with mesoplastra would definitely not be classified as cryptodiran at all. It is therefore of interest to record the finding of a plastron of the Pacific ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in which the hyo- and hypoplastra appear to be separated by a pair of well-defined contiguous mesoplastra (Fig. 1). The plastron was found separate from the remainder of the animal on Shell Beach, North-West District, British Guiana. (The discovery of Lepidochelys in British Guiana is documented elsewhere2,3.) The specimen was not collected, but a colour slide was taken of it, close inspection of which leaves no doubt that the breaks are true sutures and not sulci or post-mortem fractures.

GERY1 has recently described a pair of foramina in the frontal bones of Crenuchus spilurus Gunther. These foramina underlie the posterior margin of a pad of fatty tissue which covers the anterior part of the skull roof. Gery found by dissection that they contained structures which seemed to be connected to the brain. His specimens were not well enough preserved for histological examination.

Recent study of the large ovarian egg complement of Eurycea bislineata rivicola Mittleman, by Wood and Duellman (1951:181), showed that gravid females may contain as many as 92 eggs ready for laying prior to the beginning of the nesting season. The maximum number reported in a nest deposited by one female, 50 eggs (H. H. Wilder 1899:235), is far short of the maximum number of larve ova present in some gravid females. Although Wilder (ibid) was referring to the eastern subspecies, E. b. bislineata (Green), this difference raises the question of the relationship reported to exist between number of ovarian eggs and the number of eggs in nests. I. W. Wilder (1924:77) observed that the number of eggs in nests of bislineata is consistent with the numbers of large ova in gravid females from the same region. Reported here are the numbers of large ova in 41 gravid females, and the number of eggs in 29 nests of the two-lined salamander, Eurycea b. bislineata X cirrigera. Females and nests were collected from the same regions on the Virginia coastal plain, principally in the vicinities of Yorktown and Williamsburg. The females were collected from springs and seepages during the winter months (largely January and February) in 1949, 1950, and 1951. These specimens were promptly preserved, and the ovaries were dissected out after hardening. The ovaries contained large yellowish yolk-filled ova, (1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter) and small white translucent ova (0.3 to 0.75 mm in diameter). Intermediates between these two size-groups of ova were not noted, and only large ova were counted. The 41 females contained a total of 2,931 large ova, with complements ranging from 29 to 115, mean 71.5 ? 20.8 Snoutvent measurements were based on the straight-line distance from the anterior tip of the snout to the inner posterior margin of the cloaca. The females ranged in snout-vent length from 36 to 50 mm, mean 43 ? 3.4. Length measurements were plotted against counts of ova (fig. 1). The correlation between snout-vent length and the number of large ova was evaluated by the product-moment method. It was found that r = 0.695, t = 6.23, indicating that there is considerably less probability than one chance in several hundred that these data do not demonstrate a significant correlation. The number of large ova is related to the length of the female; generally, longer females contain more ova.

Larvae, in life, orange, broad-elliptical. Size: Length, 500 to 643; width, 316 to 408. Capitulum (Fig. 1, B): Chelicerae moderately long, stout, with distinct subapical ventral tooth and inconspicuous dorsal tooth. Cheliceral base longer than wide, with few scattered punctations. Galeal seta forked or with two branches. Palpal claw trifurcate, the median prong largest; thumb with seven branched setae and a spur of moderate length; all palpal setae branched except the dorsal seta on article 4 which is either nude or forked. Scutum (Figs. 1-A and 8): Scutum punctate, as figured; about one and one-third times wider than long; roughly trapezoidal in shape with rounded, unexpanded corners and with poorly defined margins because of the encroachment of cuticular striae which, from the posterior margin, are projected perpendicularly on to the scutum between and as far as the sensillary bases. Setae plumose, all of similar form; length of anteromedian, anterolaterals and posterolaterals increases in the order cited. Sensillae capitate; the round head with few large, flattened setules; stem long, bare. Sensillary bases separated by somewhat more than the distance between anterolateral and posterolateral setae, and located far anterior to the posterolaterals. Standard measurements: Holotype: AW-57, PW-76, AP-36, SB-40, ASB-33, PSB-26, AM-36, AL-48, PL-52, S-32, DS-40 to 44. Average of ten specimens: AW-56, PW-72, AP33, SB-39, ASB-29, PSB-26, AM-32, AL-50, PL-56, S-32 (average of four), DS-40 to 45. Dorsum (Fig. 1, D) : Eyes 2/2, in ocular plate. Dorsal formula fairly constant, 2-8-6-6-42-2; the setae decreasing in length from anterior to posterior rows. Venter (Fig. 1, C): Two pairs of sternal setae. Ventrals 32 to 36, those posterior to the anus longest and similar in form to the dorsal setae. Legs: All legs with seven segments. Coxal setae, 1-1-1. Type data: Holotype and 15 paratypes, larvae from Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rocky Mountain mule deer), Sula, Montana, July 15, 1947, W. L. Jellison, AP23827.

The literature on recurring dislocation of the shoulder has been reviewed recently by Henderson1and by Speed2and will not be repeated in this paper. In primary traumatic dislocation, the humeral head is thrust downward and forward, as the arm is hyperabducted. The capsule gives way along the margin of the glenoid rim between the subscapularis in front and the origin of the triceps on the posterior margin. From this position, the direction of force carries it forward beneath the coracoid process in 90 per cent of the cases. Recurrence of dislocation follows excessive function or accidental hyperabduction of the arm before the torn capsule has had sufficient time to heal. Each succeeding dislocation is accomplished with greater ease, and the capsule finally becomes patulous and accommodates the head outside the glenoid cavity. In a dissection of the anterior shoulder region three days after a recurring dislocation, I

Alate viviparous female. (Plate III, figs. 1-6.) General color of body and appendages brown. Length of body 1.64 mm. Head very dark brown. Width much greater than the length. Posterior margin somewhat curved, front between the antennae strongly arched. Dorsal surface with a few very short fine spines each arising from a minute circular clear area. Width of head across the eyes .408 mm. Eyes dark reddish-brown; large, prominent, with elongated ocular tubercles. Ocelli large, bordered with black. Antennae dark brown except a small basal portion of the third segment which is somewhat lighter than the rest; six-segmented, reaching about to the middle of the abdomen. The unguis of the sixth segment slightly longer than the third segment and the fourth longer than the fifth. The first two segments smooth, the remaining segments definitely imbricated, all segments with a few very short reclining spines. Length of antennal segments as follows: I, .068 mm., II, .048 mm., III, .286 mm., IV, .204 mm., V, .163 mm., VI, base, .082 mm., unguis, .326 mm. Third segment with 13 oval to circular sensoria scattered over most of one side of the

Head 0·83 mm. long, shiny orange-yellow, with the clypeus and the adjoining portion of the frons shiny black. Eyes black, prominent, extending laterally beyond the anterior lateral margins of the pronotum. Rostrum brownish black, extending to, but not surpassing, the posterior coxae; lengths of the joints: first 0·53 mm., second 0·76 mm., third 0·4 mm., and fourth 0·6 mm. Antennae brownish black, the third and fourth joints somewhat paler; first joint slightly incrassated, length 0·83 mm., second 2·0 mm., third 1·83 mm., fourth 1 mm. Pronotum shiny orange-yellow, posteriorly somewhat suffered with dark brown; length in middle 1·4 mm., breadth at anterior margin 0·8 mm., at posterior margin 2·0 mm.; sides straight, posterior margin moderately convex. Scutellum shiny black, finely rugosely punctate and regularly covered with pale depressed hairs; length in the middle 1·3 mm. Corium and cuneus similar in colour and pilosity to the scutellum; membrane dark smoky brown, veins shiny black, passing the apex of the abdomen. Sternum: mesostethium and metastethium black, the metastethial orifices and the surrounding areas very pale yellow: undersides of abdomen shiny black, covered with very fine pale hairs. Legs: coaxae blackish brown; femora dirty orange-yellow, suffused at base and apex with brown; tibiae dark brown, armed with fine black spines; tarsi black, strongly pilose.

Mixed Tumors of the Parotid Gland The term "mixed tumor" refers to the commonest group of neoplasms of the salivary glands. In the parotid gland, they make up approximately 80% of the benign tumors. They are slowly growing, firm, encapsulated, and freely movable lesions, varying from 1 to 15 cm. in diameter. Grossly, the primary tumor occurs as a single nodule whose cut surface may show varying degrees of cartilaginous consistency. Recurrent lesions are usually multicentric. Long-standing mixed tumors may undergo malignant transformation, as shown elsewhere in this exhibit. Less Common Benign Tumors and Cysts of the Parotid Gland 1. Warthin's tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum) makes up about 7% of the benign group. It occurs predominantly in male patients and is located typically at the posterior margin of the lower pole of the gland. In about 10% of cases, the lesion is bilateral or multicentric. Grossly, these tumors are encapsulated

Diagnosis.-A medium-size Tomicodon with 7(5-8) pairs of trifid incisors in upper jaw and 5 (4-6) pairs in the lower jaw. Anus markedly closer to anal fin origin than to rear margin of disc. The margin of anterior nostril has no dermal flap. Dorsal rays 10, anal rays 8 (7-9), pectoral rays 20 (19-21), and caudal rays 11 (10-12). Description.-Anterior portion of body only slightly depressed, depth 6.1 (5.5-6.6) in standard length. Caudal peduncle relatively short, least depth 1.3 (1.3-1.4) in its length. Head depressed, length 3.0 (2.8-3.3) and width 4.6 (4.3-5.0) in standard length. Snout moderately shallow with a rounded outline, 3.5 (3.2-3.7) in head; posterior nostril in front of anterior edge of eye. Teeth at front of upper jaw trifid incisors; these followed on each side by 2 (1-3) very small canines. Teeth at front of lower jaw also trifid incisors; these followed on either side by 2 (1-3) small canines. Six short, blunt rakers on posterior margin of each of the last two gill arches. Greatest diameter of eye 0.6 (0.5-0.7) in bony interorbital space and 3.6 (3.33.9) in 75

During the course of investigations on Bilharzia infections among different snails, I came across a peculiar type of xiphidiocercariae liberated from Bulinus contortus. The cercariae were white in colour with elongated bodies and short stumpy tails. They were extremely sluggish and had a marked tendency to sink towards the bottom of the test tube. Specimens a few hours old, drawn from the tube, were surrounded with a rudimentary cyst wall and the tail was partially attached to them. The body was 0.57 mms. in length by 0.22 mms. in breadth. The tail was 0.3 mms. long in extended specimens. The oral sucker was 8o p in diameter and communicated with a well-developed pharynx leading to a thin oesophagus. This bifurcated, anterior to the ventral sucker into two intestinal ceca reaching as far posteriorly as the border of the body. The ventral sucker was 60 p in diameter. The surface of the body was covered with minute spines attaining their optimum size in the region of the oral sucker where they were arranged in concentric rows; then, they became sparsely distributed over the rest of the surface of the body. Its parenchyma was extremely cellular owing to the presence of numerous cystogenous glands, which obscured the minute details of the excretory system. On either side of the body, there were three stylet glands (fig. 3). Each had a separate duct opening in the vicinity of the stylet. This structure (fig. 4) was thin and fragile. It was partially embedded in the parenchyma of the oral sucker, had no marked shoulders and measured 40 p in length; the spine being onefourth the total length of the stylet. The excretory system (fig. 3) comprised two tubes; the anterior tube received two groups of tributaries, each with a couple of flame cells which drained the regions of the oral and ventral suckers. The posterior tube received a group of tributaries with three flame cells and another with a single flame cell. Both groups drained the region posterior to the ventral sucker. The two tubes joined each other at the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, forming a thick main tube. The main tube from either side opened directly into the excretory vesicle, which received the main tributary from the tail, at its posterior margin. The formula of the excretory system would be 2 X (2 + 2) + (3 + I) I6. The cercariae developed in rediae (fig. i) about i mm. in length

Xiphidium gracillimum, sp. nov.—Very slender. Brown above, face and sides greenish, wing veins purple; a conspicuous dark brown middorsal stripe on the head and pronotum, bordered by broad pale bands, sometimes with dusky or purplish markings on the cheeks, sides of pronotum and middle of face. Antennæ brown, extremely long and slender. Eyes very prominent, in side view circular in outline. Fastigium of the vertex ascending, strongly advanced (about the length of the eye seen from above), very narrow (about one-fourth the distance between the eyes), its sides parallel or slightly convergent. Lateral lobes of the pronotum usually triangular in outline by the exceptional reduction of the anterior ventral angle and the straightening of the posterior margin, which forms a line with the hind margin of the posterior process, the humeral sinus distinct but shallow.

and distinctly larger than those of dorsal shield; sternal pores short, with rounded ends; margins of shield indistinct. Genitoventral shield short, with a rounded posterior margin, and with one pair of genitoventral setae, which are short, stout, and smooth, and are located near the posterior margin of the shield. Outline of anal shield not distinct on the only available specimen; only two anal setae are visible. Endopodal and metapodal shields not present. Metasternal setae distinctly smaller than sternal setae; about equal in size with genitoventral setae. Ventral body setae of about equal length with setae of dorsal shield. Peritreme very short, about two and one half times as long as it is wide. Epistome not clear in specimen examined. Chelae relatively stout. Fixed chela with a bifid tip and a large distal tooth, as well as a distal seta; bears two proximal tufts of setae. Movable chela the smaller of the two; bears one blunt tooth. Maxillary corniculi distinct; all maxillary setae smooth. All palpal setae smooth; ventrally located coxal seta is largest on palp; tarsus bears the usual bifurcate seta of the Laelaptidae. Legs relatively short and stout. Most setae on legs small, although some ventral setae, especially on coxae and tarsi, are stout and spur-like; two conspicuous spur-like setae on femur of leg I; all setae smooth.

One thinks of the parotid gland as lying external or superficial to the ascending ramus of the mandible. About 80% to 85% of the parotid does in fact lie in such a position. There is a small portion, however, which hooks around the posterior margin of the mandible and extends for variable distances medial to this structure. Tumors arising from this retromandibular portion present an entirely different problem, from the point of view of both symptoms and management, from that which is encountered in the classic and better-known tumor arising from the superficial portion of the gland. Judged from the clinical histories of patients with this tumor, their therapy has been the source of considerable perplexity on the part of the physicians to whom they have applied for help. Their occurence in such an anatomically inaccessible area has led some to declare such growths as "inoperable" or to recommend x-ray

IN recently characterising the pupa of Sphinx catalpae, Boisd., for my report as entomologist to the Department of Agriculture, I was struck with the occurrence on the anterior border of each of the larger movable abdominal joints (viz., abdominal joints 5, 6, and 7) of a peculiar elongate concavity, a structure not mentioned by Westwood, Burmeister, Kirby and Spence, Girard, Clemens, Harris, Graber, or any modern author whom I have been able to consult. There is an approach to it in the pupa of Ceratomia amyntor, and it occurs in that of Sphinx harrisii in similar position and form as in S. catalpae. In Macrosila 5-maculata it is somewhat above the spiracles, and that on the fifth abdominal joint has a second larger ridge running around it posteriorly. It does not occur in any of the species of the genera Sesia, Thyreus, Darapsa, Deilephila, Philampelus, and Smerinthus in my collection. It has no internal connection with the respiratory or circulatory systems, and its function is probably sound-producing by friction with the posterior margin of the preceding joint. This organ may, in fact, throw some light on the method by which the noise is produced which the pupa of Sphinx atropos is capable of. Unfortunately, I have no pupae of that species for examination.