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The contradictory trends of civil society development in Ukraine, problematic aspects of its interaction with the institutions of state in terms of internal and external challenges are defined and characterized. Identified and characterized a set of extremely dangerous threats that pose challenges to the development of domestic civil society and can lead to degradation of the civil society or become a “growth point” of his organization, democratic influence on the political system and the state. Study determines that unreformed and corrupt political system is not promotes development for civil society in Ukraine.

The course of menopause transition (MT) is associated with peculiarities of alterations occurring in a woman's body, in particular, in the structure of bone tissue. Considering that bones of the paranasal sinuses (BPNSs) play a natural defense role against the spread of dental infection, their structure is important in dentistry. However, no information was found pertaining to changes of BPNSs during MT – a time when dental maladies increase in many women. The aim of our study was to collate density of BPNSs with status of adrenal steroids in women during MT, since the pattern of their changes determines the course of MT. Cross-sectional associations were examined between bone density of PNSs assessed by Spiral Computed Tomography and Serum content of testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Adione, and Adiol in 113 women of perimenopausal age (age range from 45 to 55 years) who had already experienced premenopausal menstrual decline (amenorrhea less than 2 years). Strong positive (r = 0.73) correlation between minimal bone density of maxillary sinus in women with level of DHEAS was detected. It is important to note, that the correlation between minimal density of the lower wall of frontal sinus is a weak positive (0.3). Therefore, it can be suggested that bone tissue of the maxillary sinus is more sensitive to changes in DHEAS. The study showed that the level of male steroids, in particular DHEAS, affected the state of bone tissue in participants older than 50 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У статті розглянуто питання реалізації регіональних інвестиційних програм, які здатні впливати на соціально-економічний розвиток регіонів. Особлива увага приділена розробці концепції вдосконалення механізму реалізації регіональних інвестиційних програм як фінансового інструменту стимулювання регіонального розвитку. Запропонована концепція вдосконалення механізму реалізації регіональних інвестиційних програм дозволяє комплексно впливати на внутрішні та зовнішні загрози інтересам регіональних інвестиційних програм, уникаючи негативного впливу в умовах динамічного зовнішнього середовища або мінімізуючи його.

Methods of luminescent spectroscopy, spectroscopy of diffuse refl ectance and IR transmittance spectroscopy were used for investigation of process of change of nanostructures of Europium (ІІ) fl uoride in stiffened saline melt NaСl – KСl. Europium (ІІ) fluoride was synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase reaction of EuF3 with elemental Germanium ground and pressed into a tablet. The process of synthesis is accompanied by volatizing of GeF2 at hightemperature annealing of the mixture. Prolonged calcinations result in a yellowish powder with a slight gray tint. IR spectrum and spectrum of diffuse refl ectance notify on the nanostructured product. Dissolution of EuF2 in saline melt is regarded as exchange reaction with one of the components, NaCl and complexion with another one, namely KСl. At rapid crystallization of the molten saline solution multiple centers forming and the stabilization of nano-structures of «core-shell» type are occurred. It is established considerable (almost in 2 times for each week) intensity falling 5d-4f photoluminescence with a maximum at ~430 nanometers. At the same time characteristic changes in a spectra of diffuse refl ectance in an UV range of a spectrum with transition from negative values of Kubelka-Munk function to positive ones, with absorption bands observed at 250, 330 and 410 nanometers. Insignifi cant by intensity peaks in a near IR spectrum at 1800-2300 nanometers testify to the small content of Eu3+ ions in the sample that practically does not change eventually. The mechanism of degradation of the nanostructures in stiffened melt and corresponding kinetic equation of the process are proposed. The degradation process is supposed to be caused by environment factors such as moisture and oxygen of an air and results in the destruction of the stabilizing shells of the nanoparticles.

Using methods of IR transparency spectroscopy in a range of 1200 – 200 cm-1 and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a range of 200 – 2500 nm the character of interaction in the systems Ge-In2O3, Ge-In2SnO5, Ge-LnInO3 (Ln - La, Sm, Eu) is investigated. Essential change in spectral characteristics of systems with the appearance of new bands and disappearance of previous ones is established at annealing of composites of Germanium metal oxide composition which confirms the fact of oxidation-reduction interaction between components with formation of volatile products, mainly In2O and GeO. Thermodynamic calculations well coincide with experimentally established values of conditional temperatures of evaporation. Systems are perspective for obtaining thin-film coatings interference optics of a IR range of a spectrum. Keywords: the systems Germanium metal oxide, spectral characteristics, interaction, thermal evaporation.

Processes of dispersion and solubility of CeO2 and CeF3 in the melts of systems NaNO3-KNO3 which are widely used as medium for synthesis of various oxide materials are investigated. The basis of the mechanism of the specified processes is made by the acid-basic and oxidationreduction reactions between initial substances and saline melt. For identification and definition of oxidation degree of Cerium in interaction products are applied spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance in an UV range of a spectrum and the substantial chemical analysis with use as a reagent of a solution of phosphoric acid. For reduction of influence of own absorption of ions NO3– as the sample of comparison it is used stiffened melt of NaNO3-KNO3. Definition of content of Ce(III) is carried out basing on decrease of intensity of coloring of KMnO4. Content of Ce(IV) is established photometrically on intensity of absorption of a phosphate complex (at high content of Ce(IV)) and on decrease of coloring of methanyl yellow (at low content). The data of spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance specifies in prevalence of Ce(IV) with small admixture of Ce(III) in case of system CeO2-(NaNO3-KNO3) and Ce(III) with admixture of Ce(IV) in case of system CeF3-(NaNO3-KNO3). Because of influence of H3PO4 on oxidation degree of cerium in last system, definition of Ce(III) and Ce(IV) by chemical analysis was not carried out. As for system with CeO2, contents of Ce(IV) by method of the chemical analysis are established at level 8-16%масс., and they are higher at system heat treatment on air in comparison with heat treatment in an inert (He) medium. Some inconsistency in the results received by a method of spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance and the chemical analysis, which reason while up to the end is not established, is observed. The role of the superficial phenomena on border solid state – saline melt - gas in processes of dispersion of CeO2 and CeF3 is shown.

The aim of this paper is to define the functions of a community center under the conditions of contemporary socio-cultural space. Research methodology. Scientific provisions of the research are argued at the level of a set of general scientific methods of knowledge (analytical, source study, historical) and cultural approaches: typological and evolutionary methods, as well as the method of system analysis and synthesis. Results. It was revealed that community centers are leisure centers for all categories of the population in the socio-cultural environment of the 21st century, subject to qualitative and professional organization, that makes them diverse and spiritually rich. At the present time the socio-cultural institutions perform different functions related to the leisure needs of youth, trying to offer a variety of forms and types of entertainment programs according to the age structure. Novelty. The activity of community centers in the historical perspective and at the present stage is explored; the concept «community center» is specified and its functions are defined under the conditions of contemporary socio-cultural space. The purpose, tasks and main functions of a community center (recreational, communication, educational and compensatory-relaxation) are analyzed. The practical significance of the research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in cultural studies.

Ability to interaction between PbF2 and EuS in NaCl-KCl saline melt is established by methods of luminescent spectroscopy and the X-ray diffraction analysis. Mutual quenching of intensive blue luminescence of Eu2+ and, partially, of yellow luminescence of PbF2 in the solidified solutions-melts on the basis of NaCl-KCl is observed, that confirms exchange reaction with formation of PbS particles. Formation of abnormal phases "NaCl" and "KCl" with the changed parameters of lattices, and also of PbFCl phase is revealed, and also possibility of occurring phases of PbS, β - PbF2 and NaF in separate specimens is not excluded.Keywords: Saline melt, Dissolution, Lead sulfide, Fluorides, Interaction.

The article is devoted to consideration of approaches to strategic planning of entrepreneurship development in united territorial communities. The article substantiates the necessity of systematic strategic planning of entrepreneurship development in communities, which is revealed in a certain set of elements and the sequence of stages of this process. The characteristics of the elements of the preliminary diagnosis of entrepreneurial potential of communities and key factors of the external business environment, economic tools for analysis and forecasting of small and medium enterprises in communities are given. The principles of forming goals of community development strategies which should be based on social benefits for the community, innovation development, efficient use of resources, environmental safety are defined. Approaches to formation business development strategies in the communities are developed based on concentration of efforts on the areas of competitive advantages which are to find new types of activities, taking into account existing experience and resources, technological modernization of existing enterprises, development of inter-branch business areas that are at the junction of technologies. These areas which must mobilize the internal entrepreneurial potential of the community need to be organically combined with the capabilities of the external business environment that is embedding in the external value chains, community cooperation, public-private partnership, the implementation of the spatial component in agricultural production models. Attention was paid to the auxiliary measures of strategic planning of entrepreneurship in the communities: the establishment of centers for the provision of administrative services for entrepreneurs based on principle of «single window», promotion of entrepreneurship, organization of trainings and workshops for entrepreneurs, participation in international technical assistance programs.

Influence of medium (inert gas, air) is studied at heat treatment of molten solutions of EuS and EuIn2S4 in NaCl-KCl of equimolar composition on optical properties. Unlike initial Europium (II) sulphides, stiffened melts exhibit an intensive luminescence in spectral interval of 420-450 nanometers due to 5d-4f electronic transitions in Eu2+ions. At transition from EuS to EuIn2S4 the sharp increase in intensity of a luminescence because of solubility increase is observed.Heat treatment in the air medium results in similar result that is especially revealed in case of EuS. Spectral curve of diffuse reflectance lies in the field of negative values of absorption that is caused by luminescence processes, and correlation in their change with increase in intensity of a luminescence is observed. On IR spectra of sample EuS in NaCl-KCl, processed in the air medium, there is a band of high intensity in interval nearby 1360 cm-1, and in case of sample EuIn2S4in NaCl-KCl – in the field of 2900-3000 cm-1. Their occurrence is caused by valence oscillations in SO42-and H-Cl, accordingly. Thermodynamic calculations have shown that solubility of EuSO4 in the NaCl-KCl melt is more than in 4 times above in comparison with EuS. Possibility of management of a luminescence of stiffened melts of Europium (II) compounds in saline melts both by change of medium and compound composition is shown.

Purpose : - To determine the effect of biofeedback to determine the level of anaerobic performance of healthy young men. Material: The characteristics of physical performance in 60-seconds jumping test without and with visual and audible biofeedback (BFB) are determined at 23 healthy young men. Results : Significant individual peculiarities are found in performance features of 60-seconds jumping test both without and with BFB. The groups of performance indexes are maximum jumping height; jumping frequency and achieved performance level; correlation of jumping phases and achieved capacity of a separate jump; jumping dynamics during the test. The positive effect mostly on performance in BFB regime is found in the group of persons with low level of physical performance. Conclusion : The application of BFB in 60-seconds jumping test is proved to increase the objective character of measuring anaerobic performance.

The essence of the concept of "psychomotor skills" as a component of preparedness for managing voluntary movements is considered. In experiment took part 690 pupils among them were 362 pupils of middle school age and 328 senior pupils. It is proved that the essence of the problem of formation of psychomotor abilities is to increase the influence of psychological factors on the efficiency of motor activity of schoolchildren. Systematized, and developed new test psychomotor task and special games for the formation of students' readiness for playing time, power and spatial characteristics of movements. Shown that this is significantly update and enrich the methodological arsenal of physical culture and greatly improved psychomotor qualities students of secondary schools.

The article considers the primary oil refining unit AVDU A12/2 in the mode without vacuum unit. In this paper carried out extraction of data on process flows and equipment, tabulated streaming data. It is performed modelling of primary oil refining unit in the software package Unisim Design to refine the data. It was determined the potential energy savings through the using methods of the pinch analysis, done the project of reconstruction of AVDU A12/2 with the modelling in program Unisim Design to confirm the performance of the project. The amount of heat loss in the heat exchange equipment and pipes was calculated, have developed a method for the accurate determination of the payload tube furnaces.

The human microbiome has become an area of intense research due to its potential impact on human health. However, the analysis and interpretation of this data have proven to be challenging due to its complexity and high dimensionality. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can process vast amounts of data to uncover informative patterns and relationships within the data, even with limited prior knowledge. Therefore, there has been a rapid growth in the development of software specifically designed for the analysis and interpretation of microbiome data using ML techniques. These software incorporate a wide range of ML algorithms for clustering, classification, regression, or feature selection, to identify microbial patterns and relationships within the data and generate predictive models. This rapid development with a constant need for new developments and integration of new features require efforts into compile, catalog and classify these tools to create infrastructures and services with easy, transparent, and trustable standards. Here we review the state-of-the-art for ML tools applied in human microbiome studies, performed as part of the COST Action ML4Microbiome activities. This scoping review focuses on ML based software and framework resources currently available for the analysis of microbiome data in humans. The aim is to support microbiologists and biomedical scientists to go deeper into specialized resources that integrate ML techniques and facilitate future benchmarking to create standards for the analysis of microbiome data. The software resources are organized based on the type of analysis they were developed for and the ML techniques they implement. A description of each software with examples of usage is provided including comments about pitfalls and lacks in the usage of software based on ML methods in relation to microbiome data that need to be considered by developers and users. This review represents an extensive compilation to date, offering valuable insights and guidance for researchers interested in leveraging ML approaches for microbiome analysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Marcos-Zambrano, López-Molina, Bakir-Gungor, Frohme, Karaduzovic-Hadziabdic, Klammsteiner, Ibrahimi, Lahti, Loncar Turukalo, Dhamo, Simeon, Nechyporenko, Pio, Przymus, Sampri, Trajkovik, Lacruz-Pleguezuelos, Aasmets, Araujo, Anagnostopoulos, Aydemir, Berland, Calle, Ceci, Duman, Gündoğdu, Havulinna, Kaka Bra, Kalluci, Karav, Lode, Lopes, May, Nap, Nedyalkova, Paciência, Pasic, Pujolassos, Shigdel, Susín, Thiele, Truică, Wilmes, Yilmaz, Yousef, Claesson, Truu, Carrillo de Santa Pau.)

Arterial stiffness progresses with age and is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular disease events. Studies examining associations of statin therapy with arterial stiffness have yielded mixed results. Associations between the duration and intensity of statin therapy and arterial stiffness have not been studied in a prospective multiethnic cohort. MESA participants (n = 1242) with statin medication use data at each exam (1-5) and who had undergone B-mode carotid ultrasound at baseline and at Exam 5 after (mean ± [SD]) 9.4 ± 0.5 years were analyzed. Carotid arterial stiffness was measured using the distensibility coefficient (DC) and Young's elastic modulus (YEM). Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between DC and YEM and statin treatment duration and intensity. At baseline, participants were 66.5 ± 8.1 years old, 41% female, 36% White, 30% African American, 14% Chinese American, and 20% Hispanic. The mean baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 149.5 ± 14.5 mg/dL. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and CVD risk factors, the percent changes in DC and YEM were found to not be significantly different in individuals on statin therapy at any combination of visits (1-4) compared to participants never on statin therapy (all p > 0.32). There were also no differences in the percent change in DC and YEM based on statin therapy intensity by quartile (all p > 0.14) over the 10-year follow-up period. Based on the aforementioned results, statin therapy was not associated with changes in carotid artery stiffness over nearly a decade of follow-up regardless of therapy duration or intensity., (© 2022. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

The report reflects an agreement based on the consensus conference of the International Standardization Committee on the Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in Riga, 2nd Nov. 2016. The aim of the conference was to address the existing nasal airway function tests and to take into account physical, mathematical and technical correctness as a base of international standardization as well as the requirements of the Council Directive 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices. Rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow, Odiosoft-Rhino, optical rhinometry, 24-h measurements, computational fluid dynamics, nasometry and the mirrow test were evaluated for important diagnostic criteria, which are the precision of the equipment including calibration and the software applied; validity with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, reliability with intra-individual and inter-individual reproducibility and responsiveness in clinical studies. For rhinomanometry, the logarithmic effective resistance was set as the parameter of high diagnostic relevance. In acoustic rhinometry, the area of interest for the minimal cross-sectional area will need further standardization. Peak nasal inspiratory flow is a reproducible and fast test, which showed a high range of mean values in different studies. The state of the art with computational fluid dynamics for the simulation of the airway still depends on high performance computing hardware and will, after standardization of the software and both the software and hardware for imaging protocols, certainly deliver a better understanding of the nasal airway flux.