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651. Randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema

Author: Masoud Soheilian, Masoud Salehipour, Mehdi Yaseri, Arash Obudi, Bijan Bijanzadeh, Alireza Ramezani, Mohsen Azarmina, Gholam A. Peyman, Siamak Moradian, Hamid Ahmadieh, and Mohammad H. Dehghan
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Triamcinolone acetonide, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, medicine.medical_treatment, Eye disease, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Macular Edema, law.invention, Injections, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Fluorescein Angiography, Macular edema, Glucocorticoids, Diabetic Retinopathy, Laser Coagulation, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Acetonide, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Treatment Outcome, Retreatment, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Laser coagulation, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Purpose To compare the results of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection alone or in combination with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) versus macular laser photocoagulation (MPC) as a primary treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Design Randomized 3-arm clinical trial. Participants A total of 150 eyes of 129 patients with clinically significant DME and no previous treatment. Methods The eyes were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 study arms: the IVB group, patients who received 1.25 mg IVB (50 eyes); the IVB/IVT group, patients who received 1.25 mg of IVB and 2 mg of IVT (50 eyes); and the MPC group, patients who underwent focal or modified grid laser (50 eyes). Retreatment was performed at 12-week intervals whenever indicated. Main Outcome Measures Change in best-corrected visual acuity (VA) at week 24. Results VA changes among the groups were statistically significant at 6 ( P P = 0.012) weeks. The significant treatment effect was demonstrated in the IVB group at all follow-up visits and in the IVB/IVT group at 6 and 12 weeks. VA changes ± standard deviation at 36 weeks were −0.28±0.25, −0.04±0.33, and +0.01±0.27 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution in the IVB, IVB/IVT, and MPC groups, respectively ( P = 0.053). Significant central macular thickness (CMT) reduction was observed in all groups only up to 6 weeks; however, CMT changes were not significant among the groups in all visits. Overall, retreatment was required for 27 eyes up to 36 weeks (14 in the IVB group, 10 in the IVB/IVT group, and 3 in the MPC group). In the IVB group, in which a greater VA improvement was observed, only 1 injection was required in 72% of the cases. VA improvement >2 Snellen lines at 36 weeks was detected in 37%, 25%, and 14.8% of patients in the IVB, IVB/IVT, and MPC groups, respectively. Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with DME yielded a better visual outcome at 24 weeks compared with macular photocoagulation. A change in CMT beyond the 6-week time point that corresponded to the vision change was not detected. No adjunctive effect of IVT was demonstrated. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Published: 2008

652. Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema

Author: Masoud Soheilian, Siamak Moradian, Alireza Ramezani, Hamid Ahmadieh, Mohammad H. Dehghan, Mohsen Azarmina, Bijan Bijanzadeh, Gholam A. Peyman, Mehdi Yaseri, and Homa Tabatabaei
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Triamcinolone acetonide, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Macular Edema, law.invention, Injections, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Ophthalmology, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Macular edema, Glucocorticoids, Diabetic Retinopathy, Laser Coagulation, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Acetonide, eye diseases, Surgery, Vitreous Body, Treatment Outcome, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Laser coagulation, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.drug
Abstract: PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or in combination with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide versus macular laser photocoagulation (MPC) as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: In this randomized, three-arm clinical trial, 103 eyes of 97 patients with clinically significant DME and no previous treatment were enrolled. The eyes were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: the intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group, patients who received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab (37 eyes); the IVB/IVT group, patients who received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab and 2 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone (33 eyes); and the MPC group, patients who underwent focal or modified grid laser (33 eyes). Primary outcome measure was change in visual acuity. RESULTS: Visual acuity changes +/- SD at 12 weeks were -0.22 +/- 0.23, -0.13 +/- 0.31, and + 0.08 +/- 0.31 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution in the IVB, IVB/IVT, and MPC groups, respectively. The marginal regression model based on generalized estimating equation analysis demonstrated that the visual acuity changes in the groups were statistically significant at both 6 weeks (P < 0.0001) and 12 weeks (P = 0.024). The significant treatment effect was demonstrated at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks in the IVB group and only at 6 weeks in the IVB/IVT group. Significant central macular thickness (CMT) reduction was observed in eyes in the IVB and IVB/IVT groups only up to 6 weeks; however, CMT changes were not significant in the groups. CONCLUSION: Up to 12 weeks, intravitreal bevacizumab treatment of patients with DME yielded better visual outcome than laser photocoagulation, although it was not associated with a significant decrease in CMT. No further beneficial effect of intravitreal triamcinolone could be demonstrated. Further clinical trials with longer follow-up are required to evaluate the long-term visual outcomes and complication profiles after primary treatment with such medications.
Published: 2007

653. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in central Iran; The Yazd eye study

Author: Marzieh Katibeh, Mohammad Pakravan, Mehdi Yaseri, Mojgan Pakbin, and Reza Soleimanizad
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Population, Visual impairment, Glaucoma, Iran, Blindness, Community Health Planning, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Cataracts, Ophthalmology, Prevalence, medicine, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose: To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment (VI) in Yazd, central Iran. Methods: This population?based, cross?sectional study was performed on adults aged 40–80 years, residing in Yazd district, in 2010–2011. Eligible subjects were selected using cluster random sampling. Each participant underwent an interview and complete ophthalmologic examination. Blindness and VI were defined as best?corrected visual acuity (VA)
Published: 2015

654. Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after two intravitreal bevacizumab injections for wet type age-related macular degeneration

Author: Morteza Entezari, Alireza Ramezani, and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Nerve fiber layer, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Age related, Ophthalmology, Medicine, In patient, Intravitreal bevacizumab, Baseline values, business.industry, Retinal, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, lcsh:RE1-994, Age-related Macular Degeneration, Optical Coherence Tomography, Original Article, sense organs, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with wet type age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods: This prospective interventional case series included 18 eyes of 18 patients receiving two IVB injections within a 6 weeks interval for treatment of wet type ARMD. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured prior to the first injection, and 12 and 24 weeks afterwards by optical coherence tomography (3D OCT-1000, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Mean RNFL thickness and values in the four peripapillary quadrants were compared at baseline, and 12 and 24 weeks after initial injection. Results: Mean RNFL thickness was 89 ± 21 μm at baseline which was significantly reduced to 82 ± 15 μm at 12 weeks ( P = 0.021). At final follow-up (week 24), mean RNFL thickness reached 87 ± 23 μm and was comparable to baseline values ( P = 0.356). Only the temporal quadrant showed a significant reduction in RNFL thickness at 12 weeks ( P = 0.033); this quadrant followed the same pattern of change as the mean RNFL thickness, becoming comparable to pre-injection values at 24 weeks ( P = 0. 298). Conclusion: RNFL thickness may decrease temporarily following two IVB injections in patients with wet type ARMD; however, in the long-term no significant change was detectable from baseline values.
Published: 2014

655. Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab with versus without triamcinolone for neovascular age-related macular degeneration; a randomized clinical trial

Author: Faegheh Golbafian, Mehdi Yaseri, Niloofar Piri, Hamid Ahmadieh, Masoud Soheilian, Ramin Taei, Mohammad Riazi Esfahani, Alireza Lashay, and Reza Karkhaneh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, Triamcinolone acetonide, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, medicine.medical_treatment, Photodynamic therapy, Triamcinolone, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Choroidal Neovascular Membrane, Combination (Combined) Therapy, law.invention, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Intravitreal bevacizumab, business.industry, Combination (Combined) Therapy, Photodynamic Therapy, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Regimen, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article, Photodynamic Therapy, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) with versus without intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Eighty-four eyes with active CNV secondary to AMD with no prior treatment were enrolled and followed for 1-year. Eligible eyes were randomly assigned to either PDT/IVB or PDT/IVB/IVT. The main outcome measure was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: Mean patient age was 71 ΁ 9 years. BCVA changes from baseline were statistically significant in both study arms at all follow-up intervals, however no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding BCVA changes at week 12 (95% CI:-0.11-0.12 LogMAR) and other time points (all P > 0.6). Mixed model analysis revealed a significant effect from age (P < 0.001), pigment epithelial detachment (P = 0.009) and baseline BCVA (P < 0.001) on visual improvement. Significant central macular thickness (CMT) reduction occurred at all-time points as compared to baseline in both groups which was comparable between the study arms. There was no significant difference between the study arms in terms of retreatment rate (P = 0.1) and survival to the first repeat IVB injection (P = 0.065). Conclusion: Additional low-dose IVT to a PDT/IVB regimen for neovascular AMD provided no beneficial effects in terms BCVA or CMT, yet demonstrated a trend toward extending the injection-free period.
Published: 2014

656. Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Refractory Central Serous Choroidoretinopathy

Author: Morteza Entezari, Alireza Ramezani, and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, Ophthalmic examination, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Case Report, Central serous choroidoretinopathy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Refractory, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Intravitreal bevacizumab, Best corrected visual acuity, Optical coherence tomography, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, eye diseases, Surgery, Serous fluid, Treatment Outcome, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Intravitreal Injections, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, After treatment, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: In a clinical case series, 5 patients with not-resolved central serous choroidoretinopathy (CSC) lasting more than 1 year received one intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB, 1.25 mg) injection. All patients underwent a through ophthalmic examination 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 2, and 6 months after the injection. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness were compared before and after treatment by optical coherence tomography. Mean BCVA was improved significantly (p = 0.020) from 0.60 ± 0.25 to 0.50 ± 0.18 and 0.29 ± 0.19 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution at 6 and 18 weeks, respectively. Central macular thickness was also decreased significantly (p = 0.010) from 370 ± 65 to 208 ± 23 µm at 4 months. No recurrence was occurred during follow-up. IVB injection may have beneficial effect in the treatment of refractory CSC.
Published: 2012

657. Bevacizumab vs. Triamcinolone

Author: Alireza Ramezani, Victoria Kiavash, Gholam A. Peyman, Mehdi Yaseri, Masoud Soheilian, and Zahra Rabbanikhah
Subjects: Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, Triamcinolone acetonide, Bevacizumab, business.industry, medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published: 2010

658. Worthing Physiological Score vs Revised Trauma Score in Outcome Prediction of Trauma patients; a Comparative Study

Author: Nakhjavan-Shahraki, B., Yousefifard, M., Hajighanbari, M. J., Karimi, P., Baikpour, M., Razaz, J. M., Mehdi Yaseri, Shahsavari, K., Mahdizadeh, F., and Hosseini, M.

659. Effect of timolol on refractive outcomes in eyes with myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Author: Mohammad Mansouri, Mehdi Yaseri, Ahmad Shojaei, Yasaman Vali, Nima Dadman, Medi Eslani, Epidemiology and Data Science, and Graduate School
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, genetic structures, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Timolol, LASIK, Keratomileusis, eye diseases, law.invention, Surgery, Discontinuation, Ophthalmology, Artificial tears, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, sense organs, business, Dioptre, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose To compare the effects of timolol on refractive outcomes in eyes with myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a control-matched group. Design Prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled, double-masked clinical trial. A computer-generated randomization list based on random block permutation (length 4 to 8) was used for treatment allocation. Methods SETTING: Basir Eye Center, Tehran, Iran. PATIENT POPULATION: Of 124 eyes with myopic regression after LASIK using Technolas 217-Z, 45 eyes in each group were analyzed. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned into either Group 1, who received timolol 0.5% eye drops, or Group 2, who received artificial tears for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Spherical equivalent (SE) at 6 months posttreatment. Results In Group 1, SE improved from −1.48 ± 0.99 diopter (D) before treatment to −0.88 ± 0.91 D and −0.86 ± 0.93 D 6 months after treatment and 6 months after timolol discontinuation, respectively (P

660. Relation of stroke risk factors with specific stroke subtypes and territories

Author: Assarzadegan, F., Tabesh, H., Shoghli, A., Ghafoori Yazdi, M., Daneshpajooh, P., and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Stroke, Risk factors, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Cerebral arteries, lcsh:RA1-1270, Original Article, cardiovascular diseases, Iran
Abstract: Background: Although the risk factors of ischemic strokes are well defined, there is slight information about their relations with the etiologies of ischemic strokes. This study investigated the distribution of ischemic stroke risk factors and their connections to diverse etiologies of cerebrovascular attack (CVA) and specific ischemic regions of brain. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we analyzed the data of patients with definite diagnosis of CVA, excluding hemorrhagic strokes, registered in Imam Hossein Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. The data were collected from entire archived medical records from March 2010 until September 2012, retrospectively. Results: Out of 1696 cases a total of 1011 subjects, 487 (48.2%) males and 524 (51.8%) females with mean age of 68.91±13.54 yr were included in the study. Patients suffering from atrial fibrillation (AF), valvular heart disease (VHD), and dilated cardiomyopathy were more prone to develop cardioembolic stroke. Those with diabetes mellitus (DM), carotid artery stenosis and dyslipidemia (DLP) had a higher prevalence of macroangiopathic stroke. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), AF, and VHD were associated with stroke in the brain territory supplied by middle cerebral artery (MCA) while DM and carotid artery stenosis were correspondent with posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the weight of each risk factor of ischemic strokes on different etiologies and territories of ischemia can assist care providers for a more efficient prevention of strokes. The results of this study can also be a basis for further investigations to corroborate the pathophysiology of such relations. Keywords: Stroke, Cerebral arteries, Risk factors, Iran

661. Determinants of maternal mortality in iran 1990-2015: A longitudinal study

Author: Zalvand, R., Mehdi Yaseri, Mosadeghrad, A. M., and Tajvar, M.
Subjects: lcsh:R5-920, trend, determinants of health, maternal death, longitudinal studies, Iran, lcsh:Medicine (General), mortality
Abstract: Background: Identifying determinants of maternal mortality is essential in developing appropriate health policies for reduction of maternal death. This study aimed to determine the determinants of maternal mortality in Iran during 1990- 2015 and also to identify the trends of these determinants during the same period. Methods: This is a quantitative longitudinal study that has been conducted at the Tehran University of Medical Science, Iran, from March to December 2018. Initially, a long list of determinants (n=32) were identified through a comprehensive systematic reviews. Variables with more than 25% missing data were omitted and the missing values for remaining variables were estimated through statistical methods. The data for the identified variables were gathered through internal sources including Iran’s Ministry of Health and international sources including the websites of World Bank, World Health Organization and United Nations. Finally, 12 indicators as determinants of death were constructed after data processing and data management and their associations with maternal mortality rate in Iran were examined through regression analysis. Results: Maternal mortality rate has been reduced by 80% during 1990- 2015 in Iran. Improvement of indicators including employment status, total health expenditure share (as a percent of GDP), vaccination coverage, urbanization, access to health and welfare facilities, GDP per capita and political performance played a significant role in reduction of maternal deaths according to the multivariate analyses. A reduction in out of pocket payment and total fertility rate also showed a significant association with lower maternal mortality. However neither education level in the country nor life expectancy at birth showed an important role in the maternal mortality rate. Conclusion: Maternal mortality rate was reduced significantly in Iran during the last quarter of the century. Maternal death is not only affected by health and biological factors of mothers, but also, by macro-economic, social and welfare factors. A high political performance of the countries also is a grantor of better health of mothers and the community in general.

662. Citrobacter freundii foodborne disease outbreaks related to environmental conditions in Yazd province, Iran

Author: Aminharati, F., Ehrampoush, M. H., Soltan Dallal, M. M., Mehdi Yaseri, Dehghani Tafti, A. A., and Rajabi, Z.

663. Postoperative net survival of gastric adenocarcinoma at imam khomeini hospital in tehran: Estimating in a relative-survival framework

Author: Paknazar, F., Mahmoudi, M., Mohammad, K., Zeraati, H., Mansournia, M. A., Mehdi Yaseri, and Molaei, A.

664. Relationship between socioeconomic factors and incidence of cosmetic surgery in tehran, iran

Author: Ali Akbari Sari, Reza Majdzadeh, Mohammad Bidkhori, and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Plastic surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, Univariate analysis, Multivariate analysis, Socioeconomic factor, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Iran, Incidence rate, Rate ratio, Random digit dialing, Surgery, symbols.namesake, medicine, symbols, Original Article, Poisson regression, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Socioeconomic status
Abstract: Background: Cosmetic surgery accompanied with high economic cost is increasing in Iran. It is necessary to be aware about factors affecting cosmetic surgery in order to control its increasing trend. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors affecting the incidence of cosmetic surgery in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This survey was conducted on 2002 subjects between the ages of 15 to 60 yr using random digit dialing in Tehran, Iran 2015. Demographic data was collected from all of participants and in the presence of cosmetic surgery, the related cosmetic questions were asked in details. Cosmetic surgery was considered as an event and the incidence rate ratio for variables were estimated. For univariate analysis, Poisson regression was used as well as multi-level Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Totally, 224 participants (11%) undergone cosmetic surgery. There was a significant relationship between the age at surgery of participants with the incidence of cosmetic surgery (P

665. Response to the letter on the gap of cigarette and hookah smoking between socioeconomic groups in Iran: Effect of inequalities in socioeconomic position

Author: Ghelichkhani, P., Mehdi Yaseri, Yousefifard, M., Baikpour, M., Asady, H., Oraii, A., Rafei, A., and Hosseini, M.

666. The effect of theory-based HIV/AIDS educational program on preventive behaviors among female adolescents in Tehran: A randomized controlled trial

Author: Farahani, F. K., Darabi, F., and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Theory of planned behavior, HIV/AIDS, Original Article, Adolescents, Education
Abstract: Background: Adolescents are increasingly at risks of HIV infection through high-risk sexual behaviors. This paper aimed to assess the effectiveness of a HIV/AIDS educational intervention among female adolescents in Tehran. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among high school girls aged 12–16 years studying in Tehran in 2016–17. The sample was selected using multistage random cluster sampling. Four schools per district were randomly selected using probability-proportional to size. Adolescents were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=289) and the control (n=289) groups. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was the basis of both the intervention and the evaluation phase. Both experimental and control groups completed a questionnaire designed for HIV related behaviors for female adolescents (HBQFA) at baseline and after six months follow up. A theory-based educational program was implemented for the experimental group. Results: The mean age of participants was 14.1 years (SD=0.96). In the experimental group, significant improvements were shown in adolescents’ HIV knowledge (31.9%, 95% CI: 28.8–35.0), attitudes towards HIV (16.6%, 95% CI=14.4–18.8), subjective norm (16.8%, 95% CI=12.9–20.6) and perceived behavioral control (19.1%, 95% CI=16.2–22.1), perceived parental support (17%, 95% CI=13.8–20.2), behavioral intention to prevent HIV (19%, 95% CI=16.3–21.6), and HIV preventive behavior (17.3%, 95% CI=13.9–20.6) (p

667. Effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory on promoting preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Author: Monfared, E. V., Sadeghi, R., Sedaghat, M. M., Saghafipour, A., Tol, A., and Mehdi Yaseri

668. Factors affecting the long-term survival of kidney transplantation in northeastern of iran between 2000 and 2015

Author: Mehdi Yaseri, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Monavar Afzalaghaee, Hojjat Zeraati, Fatemeh Nazemian, Rasoul Alimi, and Maryam Hami
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, Proportional hazards models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Kidney failure, Graft survival, medicine.disease, Kidney transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic, Survival rate, Internal medicine, Long term survival, medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business
Abstract: Background: Graft and patient survival are of great importance after transplantation. This study aimed to determine the long-term survival rate of kidney transplantation and its effective factors among transplanted patients in Mashhad transplantation centers in northeastern Iran. Methods: Overall, 618 kidney transplant recipients were examined in different transplantation centers during the years from 2000 to 2015 in a historical cohort study. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test were used to calculate the survival rate of the kidney transplant, and to check the difference between survival curves respectively. Modeling of effective factors in survival rate was performed using Cox regression model. Results: Overall, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15-year survival rate of kidney transplantation were 99%, 98%, 97%, 93%, 88 and 70% respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio indicated that variables such as recipient age >40 yr [HR=0.22, 95% CI=(0.071,0.691)], serum creatinine after transplantation >1.6 Mg/dl [HR=3.03, 95% CI=(1.284,7.125)], history of hypertension [HR=6.70, 95% CI=(2.746,16.348)], and BMI [HR (normal weight versus underweight)=0.26, 95% CI=(0.088,0.761), HR (over weight versus underweight)=0.13,95% CI=(0.038,0.442)] were significant factors on kidney transplant survival rate. Conclusion: The short-term transplant survival rate was good in transplant patients. What's more, through a consideration of variables such as age, creatinine serum after transplantation, history hypertension and body mass index, as well as proper planning to control their effect, it is possible to improve the long-term graft survival rate.

669. The gender issue in congenital and developmental cataract surgery

Author: Katibeh, M., Eskandari, A., Mehdi Yaseri, Hosseini, S., and Ziaei, H.
Subjects: Socioeconomic Factors, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Congenital Cataract, Gender, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article
Abstract: Purpose: To describe the demographic pattern of congenital cataract surgery at a referral ophthalmology center in Iran and to evaluate any possible difference between the genders. Methods: Subjects aged 15 years or less scheduled for cataract surgery were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data was retrieved from the electronic medical records according to the ICD-10 coding system. Age and proportion of operations by sex were the main parameters of interest. We employed analysis of covariance to compare age at surgery and logistic regression to obtain the trend for the number of cataract procedures in boys and girls. Results: Overall, 314 congenital cataract procedures were performed during the study period, 55 (17.5%) of which were related to second eye surgery. Operated eyes belonged to male subjects in 172 (54.8%) cases and female subjects in 142 (45.2%) cases. Mean age at operation for both first and second eyes was 3.2±3.0 years overall, and 3.1±2.9 versus 3.4±3.0 years in girls and boys, respectively (P= 0.62). Surgery was performed before one year of age in 33.2% and before 5 years in 75% of cases. Among patients undergoing second eye surgery, girls presented significantly later than boys (at 4.2±3.3 vs. 2.6±1.7 years, P= 0.012). Conclusion: The rate of congenital/infantile cataract surgery in boys was almost 10% higher than girls. We observed a significant difference only regarding age at second eye surgery which comprised 17.5% of all operations. One third and two thirds of the procedures were performed under the age of one and five years, respectively.

670. Attitude of cancer patients toward diagnosis disclosure and their preference for clinical decision-making: A national survey

Author: Motlagh, A., Yaraei, N., Mafi, A. R., Kamal, F. H., Mehdi Yaseri, Hemati, S., Shahbazian, H., Sedighi, A. -A, Khodabakhshi, R., Taghizadeh, A., Ansari, J., Seyednejad, F., Khanduzi, R., Sheibani, K. M., Azadeh, P., Em-Ranpour, M. H., Mosalei, A., Vojdani, S., Nazari, A. M., Nazarimenesh, L., Fazl-Alizadeh, A., and Akbari, M. E.
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Decision Making, Age Factors, Patient Preference, Iran, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Truth Disclosure, Sex Factors, Patient Education as Topic, Health Care Surveys, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Patient Participation
Abstract: There is still contradictory evidence on disclosure preferences regarding cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preference of cancer patients for knowing the truth about their disease, as well as the factors that might have an impact on these preferences.This study was conducted in 11 cancer centers in Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and all patients above 15 years of age who were willing to participate were included in the study. The patients were asked if they were aware of the malignant nature of their disease, and if they came to know about their disease at the time of initial diagnosis, or later. The patients were then asked about the way they looked upon their disease. In the final part of the questionnaire, the participants were asked the level of involvement they prefer to have in making treatment decisions.In total, 1226 patients were enrolled in this study, only 565 (46.7%) of whom were aware of their disease at the time of diagnosis, and 878 (72.7%) at the time of interview, while 980 (85.2%) were willing to receive information about their disease. Patients' awareness was significantly associated with age under 50 years, female gender, having breast, skin or head and neck cancer, and having medical care in Shiraz or Hamadan while it was not associated with the stage or accompanying illness.While the majority of Iranian cancer patients prefer to be aware of the nature of their disease and have an active role in treatment decision making, they do not receive this information.

671. Relation between serum ferritin and liver and heart MRI T2* in beta thalassaemia major patients | Relation entre la ferritine sérique et l'IRM hépatique et cardiaque pondérée en T2* chez des patients atteints de bÊta-thalassémie majeure

Author: Azarkeivan, A., Hashemieh, M., Akhlaghpoor, S., Shirkavand, A., Mehdi Yaseri, and Sheibani, K.

672. Steroid induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy

Author: Javadi, M. -A, Mirbabaei-Ghafghazi, F., Mirzade, M., Yazdani, S., and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: lcsh:Ophthalmology, genetic structures, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of steroid induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Myopic PRK was performed on 506 eyes of 269 patients. Preoperatively, spherical equivalent refractive error ranged from -1.00 to -5.00 diopters (D) and cylinder was less than 4 D. Baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) before PRK and at different time intervals after the procedure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. IOP readings were corrected according to central corneal thickness as measured by Orbscan pachymetry. For the purpose of the study, corrected IOP > 21 mmHg was considered as ocular hypertension. RESULTS: Ocular hypertension developed in 40 (7.9%) eyes overall, which occurred in 16 eyes (40%) 2-3 weeks postoperatively (mean IOP=23.5±3.0mmHg), in 20 eyes (50%) after 4-6 weeks (mean IOP=25.1±4.2 mmHg) and in 4 eyes (10%) 8-12 weeks following PRK (mean IOP=29.0±3.1 mmHg). There was no correlation between the level of IOP rise and preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error. IOP recovered to normal in all eyes after discontinuation of topical steroids and initiation of anti-glaucoma medications. Mean duration of IOP normalization was 28.5±27.7 (range 7-108) days and no instance of steroid-induced glaucoma was observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: Topical steroids may cause ocular hypertension following PRK. Early detection, prompt treatment and close follow-up are recommended. We suggest measuring IOP in post-PRK patients no later than 10 to 14 days after initiation of corticosteroid treatment.

673. Refractive state in children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Author: Bagheri, A., Safapoor, S., Yazdani, S., and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Amblyopia, Anisometropia, Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction, Refraction, lcsh:Ophthalmology, genetic structures, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article, eye diseases
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate refractive state in children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study includes consecutive children with unilateral congenital NLDO. Examination under anesthesia was performed to perform cycloplegic refraction and was followed by appropriate intervention in each patient. Refractive errors of the involved and sound fellow eyes were compared. Results: Ninety-four children with mean age of 25.4΁20.4 months (range, 6 months to 10 years) were enrolled from May 2007 to January 2010. Based on spherical equivalent refractive error, hyperopia was more common in the affected eyes, however this difference failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.5). Anisometropia more and less than 0.5 diopters (D) was present in 25% and 43% of patients respectively. Interocular difference was significant in terms of spherical refractive error and spherical equivalent (P=0.003) but not cylindrical refractive error. When the comparison was limited to hyperopic eyes, the interocular difference became more significant in terms of spherical refractive error and spherical equivalent (P

674. Vision related quality of life in myopia; photorefractive keratectomy versus nonsurgical optical correction

Author: Ziaei, H., Katibeh, M., Sabbaghi, M., Mehdi Yaseri, and Eskandari, A.
Subjects: genetic structures, lcsh:Ophthalmology, lcsh:RE1-994, Quality of Life, Myopia, Original Article, eye diseases, Refractive Surgical Procedures
Abstract: Purpose: To compare quality of life (QOL) in myopic patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with that of myopic spectacle or contact lens users. Methods: This observational comparative study was performed on 102 low to moderate myopic patients who had undergone PRK at least 6 months ago and 106 myopic spectacle or contact lens wearers. Vision related QOL and its correlation with demographic variables, visual acuity and refractive status were compared between the two groups. QOL was measured using a validated translated version of the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) which contains 25 questions in 12 subscales with a total score of zero to 100. Results: Mean total QOL score was 97.0΁4.4 and 86.1΁10.7 in PRK and nonsurgical groups respectively [mean difference (d)=11, P0.05). Overall, 10 out of 12 QOL subscales were significantly higher in the PRK group (P0.9) and ocular pain (d=3.1, P=0.3) were not significantly different between the study groups. Conclusion: Correction of myopia using PRK is associated with higher QOL scores in most subscales as compared to spectacle or contact lens wear.

675. Knowledge and awareness of age related eye diseases: A population-based survey

Author: Katibeh, M., Ziaei, H., Panah, E., Moein, H. -R, Hosseini, S., Kalantarion, M., Eskandari, A., and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: Diabetic Retinopathy, lcsh:Ophthalmology, lcsh:RE1-994, Original Article, Glaucoma, Public Health, Health Education, Cataract
Abstract: Purpose: To determine general awareness and knowledge about cataracts, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR), as common avoidable causes of blindness in an Iranian population. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based survey was performed on residents over 45 years of age in Tehran. The sampling frame was the list of all landline phone numbers registered by the Telecommunications Center of Iran, through which systematic random sampling was performed. Data was collected by phone-call interviews and completing a semi-structured questionnaire. Awareness was defined as whether the respondent had ever heard of the disease. Knowledge was assessed by realizing different aspects of each disease. Results: Of a total of 1,084 eligible people including 574 (52.9%) women and 510 (47.1%) men were included and 957 subjects (response rate, 88.3%) completed the interview. Awareness regarding glaucoma, cataract and DR was 46.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]:43.4 -49.8%), 82.9% (95% CI: 80.5 -85.3%) and 86.2% (95% CI: 84-88.4%). In addition, 19.2% (95% CI: 16.7 -21.7%), 57.3% (95% CI: 54.2-60.4%) and 72% (95% CI: 69.2 -74.8%) of respondents could give at least a basic definition of the mentioned diseases, respectively. Only 22.6% (95% CI: 20-25.2%) and 41.6% (95% CI: 38.5-44.7%) realized glaucoma and DR as a treatable condition; in contrast, 77.2% (95% CI: 74.5-79.9%) categorized cataract as treatable. Only 19% and 7.1% knew that DR and glaucoma may commence without any apparent symptoms. Conclusion: Compared with cataract and DR, most participants had limited information about glaucoma. In addition, few of the respondents were familiar with the initial symptoms of DR and glaucoma.

676. Development and Validation of the Tools for Evaluating Awareness and Practice Related to Heat Stress among the Workers of Warm Workplaces

Author: Yazdanirad, S., Golbabaei, F., Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Sarsangi, V., Mehdi Yaseri, and Mousavi, S. M.

677. Impact of body mass index on bone density of menopausal women in Hamadan Province, Iran

Author: Arab, M., Hojjatoleslami, S., Jamshidi, L., Mehdi Yaseri, Maktabi, M., and Sheibani, K.

678. Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus

Author: Zhale Rajavi, Mohadeseh Feizi, Sayed Aliasghar Nabavi, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Narges Behradfar, MS; Mehdi Yaseri, Mohammad Faghihi, and Saeid Abdi
Subjects: Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation Ratio, Augmented Recession, Horizontal Strabismus, Slanted Recession, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of slanted versus augmented recession in patients with horizontal strabismus. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 100 esotropic (ET) and exotropic (XT) patients with a high AC/A ratio which was defined as a difference of ≥ 10 prism diopters (pd) between the distance and near deviations were included if the patients had a distance deviation ≥ 15 pd. Patients were randomly assigned into the slanted (n = 26 in ET and n = 24 in XT group) and augmented recession groups (n = 25 in ET and n = 25 in XT group). In the slanted group, recession was performed on the superior and inferior poles of the muscle based on the distance and near deviations, respectively, while in the augmented recession group, the muscles were recessed 1.00 or 1.50 mm more than the standard amount according to the distance and near difference between 10 and 20 pd or > 20 pd, respectively. Results: The mean age was 9.8 ± 9.6 years and 63% were female. There was a significant postoperative reduction of difference in convergence excess in ET cases compared to patients who underwent the augmented recession procedure (12.65 ± 6.16 vs 8.64 ± 6.1 pd, P = 0.014). Among our XT groups, there was no significant difference in postoperative reduction in the XT angle in the slanted group compared with the augmented group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Slanted recession is recommended in convergence excess ET patients. In XT patients, either slanted or augmented recession may be chosen according to the priority and experience of the surgeon.
Published: 2019
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679. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and the Different Roles in Cyberbullying Among High School Students in Tehran.

Author: Katayoon Razjouyan, Arash Hirbod Mobarake, Seyed Saeid Sadr, Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani, and Mehdi Yaseri
Subjects: *CYBERBULLYING, *HIGH school students, *EMOTIONAL intelligence, *JUNIOR high school students, *SCHOOL bullying, *MANN Whitney U Test, *FISHER exact test
Abstract: Background: Cyberbullying is any kind of intentional harassment with the intent to harm others that is carried out via smartphones, the internet, and digital technologies. Emotional intelligence (EQ) and the ability to understand emotions play major roles in the emotional and social development of children. There may be a relationship between the roles of victim, bully, and bystanders in cyberbullying and EQ. Objectives: This study aims to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying through new communication technology among high school students and the relation of EQ to the different roles assumed by the individuals involved in a cyberbullying event. Methods: In this study, 505 junior high school students who were in the 11th grade in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) in 2013 - 2014 were randomly selected. Their personal demographic data was collected using a demographic questionnaire. Their EQ was evaluated by a Bar-On questionnaire. To assess cyberbullying and the different roles of the participants, a self-designed questionnaire was used. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS statistical software, version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. To compare between groups, the chi-squared test (or Fisher's exact test), the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results: The total number of participants was 505. This included 293 boys (58%) and 212 girls (42%). In general, 34.2% of the participants were reported to be victims, 46% were bystanders, 27.3% were bullies, and 34% did not experience cyberbullying at all. The study showed that 26.6% of males were victims vis-à-vis 44.8% of females (P < 0.05), while 31.8% of males were bullies vis-à-vis 22.2% of females (P < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the total EQ score of the individuals and the different roles they assumed in cyberbullying. But in a gender-stratified analysis, male victims had a higher EQ score. Conclusions: This study showed that the rate of cyberbullying was high among high school students in Tehran. In contrast to traditional bullying, the EQ score is not associated with playing different roles in cyberbullying. However, when considering gender, the male victims had higher EQ scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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680. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Barber R. M. a, Fullman N. a, Sorensen R. J. D. a, Bollyky T. f, McKee M. i, Nolte E. g, Abajobir A. A. j, Abate K. H. n, Abbafati C. o, Abbas K. M. p, Abd-Allah F. q, Abdulle A. M. r, Abdurahman, A. A. ac, Abera, S. F. ad, ah Abraham, B. ai, Abreha, G. F. ad, Adane, K. af, Adelekan, A. L. aj, ak Adetifa, I. M. O. i al, Afshin A. a, Agarwal, A. ao, ap Agarwal, S. K. aq, S. ar, Agrawal, A. as, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A. au, Ahmadi, A. ax, Ahmed, K. Y. ay, Ahmed M. B. m, Akinyemi, R. O. ak, az Akinyemiju, T. F. ba, Akseer, N. am, bc Al-Aly, Z. bd, Alam, K. be, bf dn, dq Alam, N. bg, S. S. bh, Alemu, Z. A. ay, Alene, K. A. bi, Alexander L. a, Ali, R. bm, S. D. bn, bo bp, Alizadeh-Navaei, R. bq, Alkerwi, A. bs, Alla, F. bt, Allebeck, P. bu, Allen C. a, Al-Raddadi, R. cb, Alsharif, U. cd, Altirkawi, K. A. ce, Alvarez Martin, E. cf, Alvis-Guzman, N. cg, Amare, A. T. ch, cj gr, Amini E. s, t wy, Ammar, W. cl, Amo-Adjei, J. cm, cn Amoako, Y. A. co, Anderson B. O. e, Androudi, S. cq, Ansari, H. cr, Ansha, M. G. cs, Antonio, C. A. T. ct, Ärnlöv, J. bv, cv Artaman, A. cw, Asayesh, H. cx, Assadi, R. cy, Astatkie, A. cz, Atey, T. M. ag, Atique, S. da, Atnafu, N. T. dc, dd Atre, S. R. de, Avila-Burgos, L. df, Avokpaho, E. F. G. A. dg, Ayala Quintanilla, B. P. di, dj Awasthi, A. dk, Ayele, N. N. dl, Azzopardi, P. dm, dn dr, Ba Saleem, H. O. dt, Bärnighausen, T. du, dz ea, Bacha, U. eb, Badawi, A. an, ec Banerjee, A. ed, Barac, A. eg, Barboza, M. A. ej, ek Barker-Collo, S. L. el, Barrero, L. H. en, Basu, S. eo, Baune, B. T. ch, gr Baye, K. eq, Bayou, Y. T. er, Bazargan-Hejazi, S. es, et Bedi, N. eu, Beghi, E. ev, Béjot, Y. ew, Bello, A. K. ex, Bennett, D. A. bm, Bensenor, I. M. ez, Berhane, A. fa, Bernabé, E. fd, Bernal, O. A. fe, Beyene, A. S. ff, ki Beyene, T. J. eq, fi Bhutta, Z. A. bc, fj Biadgilign, S. fk, Bikbov, B. fl, Birlik, S. M. fm, Birungi, C. ef, Biryukov S. a, Bisanzio, D. bk, Bizuayehu, H. M. fn, Bose, D. fo, Brainin, M. fp, Brauer M. a, fq Brazinova, A. fr, fs Breitborde, N. J. K. fu, Brenner, H. fw, Butt, Z. A. fx, Cárdenas, R. fy, Cahuana-Hurtado, Campos-Nonato, I. R. df, dx Car, J. fz, Carrero, J. J. bw, Casey D. a, Caso, V. ga, Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A. gb, Castillo Rivas, J. gd, ge Catalá-López, F. gf, gg Cecilio, P. gh, Cercy K. a, Charlson F. J. a, j gi, Chen A. Z. a, Chew A. a, Chibalabala, M. gj, Chibueze, C. E. gk, Chisumpa, V. H. gl, gm Chitheer, A. A. gn, Chowdhury, R. go, Christensen, H. gp, Christopher, D. J. gq, Ciobanu, L. G. ci, Cirillo, M. gs, Coggeshall M. S. a, Cooper, L. T. gt, Cortinovis, M. fl, Crump, J. A. gu, Dalal, K. gv, Danawi, H. gw, Dandona L. a, gy Dandona, R. a gy, Dargan, P. I. gz, Das Neves, J. ha, hb Davey, G. hd, Davitoiu, D. V. he, Davletov, K. hf, De Leo, D. hh, Del Gobbo, L. C. eo, Del Pozo-Cruz, B. em, Dellavalle, R. P. hi, Deribe, K. ep, hj Deribew, A. al, Des Jarlais, D. C. hk, hl Dey, S. hm, Dharmaratne, S. D. hn, Dicker D. a, Ding, E. L. dx, Dokova, K. ho, Dorsey, E. R. hp, Doyle, K. E. hq, hr Dubey, M. hs, Ehrenkranz R. a, Ellingsen, C. L. hu, Elyazar, I. hv, Enayati, A. hw, Ermakov, S. P. hx, hy Eshrati, B. hz, ia Esteghamati, A. t wz, Estep K. a, Fürst T. h, ic ie, Faghmous I. D. A. i, Fanuel, F. B. B. cz, if Faraon, E. J. A. cu, ig Farid, T. A. ih, Farinha, C. S. E. S. ii, ij Faro, A. ik, Farvid, M. S. dw, il Farzadfar, F. u xa, Feigin, V. L. im, Feigl, A. B. du, Fereshtehnejad, S. -M. bx, Fernandes, J. G. in, J. C. io, Feyissa, T. R. ip, Fischer, F. iq, Fitzmaurice C. a, b ir, Fleming T. D. a, Foigt, N. is, Foreman K. J. a, ib Forouzanfar, M. H. it, Franklin, R. C. iu, Frostad J. a, Ghiwot T. T. n, Gakidou E. a, Gambashidze, K. iv, Gamkrelidze, A. iv, Gao, W. ix, Garcia-Basteiro, A. L. iy, iz Gebre, T. ja, Gebremedhin A. T. n, jb Gebremichael, M. W. ag, Gebru, A. A. ag, jc Gelaye, A. A. jd, Geleijnse, J. M. fh, Genova-Maleras, R. je, jf Gibney, K. B. jg, Giref, A. Z. eq, Gishu, M. D. fg, jh Giussani, G. ev, Godwin W. W. a, Gold A. a, Goldberg E. M. a, Gona, P. N. ji, Goodridge, A. jj, Gopalani, S. V. jk, Goto, A. jl, Graetz N. a, Greaves, F. ib, jm Griswold, M. a Guban, P. I. jn, Gugnani, H. C. jo, Gupta, P. C. jp, R. jq, R. jr, T. js, V. jt, Habtewold, T. D. fb, jv Hafezi-Nejad, N. t xb, Haile, D. eq, Hailu, A. D. ep, jx Hailu, G. B. ag, jc Hakuzimana, A. jz, ka Hamadeh, R. R. kb, Hambisa, M. T. ff, Hamidi, S. kc, Hammami, M. kd, Hankey, G. J. ke, kf kg, Hao, Y. kh, Harb, H. L. cl, Hareri, H. A. eq, Haro, J. M. mw, Hassanvand M. S. w, xc Havmoeller, R. ca, Hay, R. J. fd, kk Hay, S. I. a bl, Hendrie, D. kl, Heredia-Pi, I. B. df, Hoek, H. W. ju, km Horino, M. ko, Horita, N. kp, Hosgood, H. D. kq, Htet, A. S. kr, ks Hu, G. kt, Huang, H. ku, J. J. kv, Huntley B. M. a, Huynh C. a, Iburg, K. M. kw, Ileanu, B. V. kx, Innos, K. ky, Irenso, A. A. fg, kj Jahanmehr, N. kz, Jakovljevic, M. B. lb, James, P. dv, S. L. lc, Javanbakht, M. ld, Jayaraman, S. P. le, Jayatilleke, A. U. lf, lg Jeemon, P. gx, lh li, nh Jha, V. bm, lk John, D. ll, Johnson C. a, Johnson S. C. a, Jonas, J. B. lm, Juel, K. ln, Kabir, Z. lo, Kalkonde, Y. lp, Kamal, R. lq, Kan, H. ls, Karch, A. lt, lu Karema, C. K. id, lv Karimi, S. M. lw, Kasaeian A. t, y xd, Kassebaum N. J. a, lx Kastor, A. hs, Katikireddi, S. V. ly, Kazanjan, Keiyoro, P. N. lz, ma Kemmer, L. a Kemp, A. H. mc, me Kengne, A. P. jz, mf Kerbo, A. A. if, Kereselidze, M. iv, Kesavachandran, C. N. lq, Khader, Y. S. mg, Khalil I. a, Khan, A. R. ih, E. A. mh, G. mi, Khang, Y. -H. mj, Khoja, A. T. A. ml, Khonelidze, I. iv, Khubchandani, J. mm, Kibret, G. D. ay, Kim, D. mn, Kim P. a, Y. J. mo, Kimokoti, R. W. mp, Kinfu, Y. mq, Kissoon, N. fq, Kivipelto, M. by, Kokubo, Y. mr, Kolk, A. ms, Kolte, D. mt, Kopec, J. A. fq, Kosen, S. mu, Koul, P. A. mv, Koyanagi, A. mw, Kravchenko, M. mx, Krishnaswami, S. my, Krohn K. J. a, Kuate Defo, B. mz, Kucuk Bicer, B. nb, Kuipers, E. J. nd, Kulkarni, V. S. ne, Kumar, G. A. lj, Kumsa, F. A. fg, kj Kutz, M. a Kyu, H. H. a Lager, A. C. J. nf, Lal, A. ng, D. K. ni, Lalloo R. k, Lallukka, T. nj, Lan, Q. nl, Langan S. M. i, Lansingh, V. C. nm, nn Larson, H. J. a h, Larsson, A. no, Laryea, D. O. cp, Latif, A. A. np, Lawrynowicz, A. E. B. nq, Leasher, J. L. nr, Leigh, J. bf, Leinsalu, M. ky, nt Leshargie, C. T. ay, Leung J. e, j Leung, R. nu, Levi, M. nv, Liang, X. nw, Lim S. S. a, Lind M. a, Linn, S. nx, Lipshultz, S. E. ny, nz Liu, P. a Liu, Y. oa, L. -T. ob, oc Logroscino, G. od, Lopez, A. D. do, Lorch, S. A. oe, Lotufo, P. A. ez, Lozano, R. df, Lunevicius, R. of, og Lyons, R. A. mb, Macarayan, E. R. K. kv, Mackay, M. T. oh, Magdy Abd El Razek, H. oi, M. oj, Mahdavi, M. ok, ol Majeed, A. ib, Malekzadeh R. z, xe Malta, D. C. on, Mantovani LG, Manyazewal, T. op, Mapoma, C. C. gl, Marcenes, W. oq, Marks, G. B. md, ns Marquez, N. a Martinez-Raga, J. or, os Marzan, M. B. ot, Massano, J. hc, ou Mathur, M. R. ni, Maulik, P. K. ov, Mazidi, M. ow, McAlinden, C. ox, oy McGrath, J. J. l McNellan, C. a Meaney, P. A. oz, pa Mehari, A. pb, Mehndiratta, M. M. pc, Meier, T. pd, Mekonnen, A. B. bf, bj Meles, K. G. ad, Memish, Z. A. pe, pf Mengesha, M. M. ff, Mengiste, D. T. ae, Mengistie M. A. n, Menota, B. G. eq, Mensah, G. A. pg, Mereta S. T. n, Meretoja, A. dp, ph Meretoja, T. J. nk, pi Mezgebe, H. B. ag, Micha, R. pj, Millear A. a, Mills, E. J. pl, Minnig S. a, Mirarefin M. a, pm Mirrakhimov, E. M. pn, po Mock, C. N. c Mohammad, K. A. pp, Mohammed, S. ea, pq Mohanty, S. K. hs, Mokdad A. H. a, Mola, G. L. D. pr, Molokhia, M. fd, Monasta, L. ps, Montico, M. ps, Moradi-Lakeh M. a, pt Moraga, P. pz, Morawska, L. pv, pw Mori, R. qa, Moses M. a, Mueller, U. O. qc, Murthy, S. fq, Musa, K. I. qd, Nachega, J. B. qe, qf qg, Nagata, C. qh, Nagel, G. qj, Naghavi M. a, Naheed, A. bh, Naldi, L. qk, Nangia, V. ql, Nascimento, B. R. qm, qn Negoi, I. qo, Neupane, S. P. ks, Newton, C. R. qp, Ng M. a, Ngalesoni, F. 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A. c, d Radfar, A. sh, Rafay, A. si, sj Rahimi, K. bm, Rahimi-Movaghar, V. aa, xf Rahman, M. sk, Rahman, M. H. U. hs, Rai, R. K. sl, Ram, U. hs, Rana, S. M. si, sj Rankin, Z. a Rao, P. V. sm, sn Rao, P. C. a Rawaf, S. ib, Rego, M. A. S. om, Reitsma M. a, Remuzzi, G. fl, so sp, Renzaho, A. M. N. N. qz, Resnikoff, S. sq, sr Rezaei, S. aw, Rezai, M. S. br, Ribeiro, A. L. qm, Roba, H. S. ff, Rokni, M. B. ac, Ronfani, Roshandel G. z, st xe, Roth G. A. a, Rothenbacher, D. qi, Roy, N. K. su, sv Sachdev, P. S. ss, sw Sackey, B. B. sx, Saeedi, M. Y. sy, Safiri, S. sz, Sagar, R. aq, Sahraian, M. A. ab, xg Saleh, M. M. ta, Salomon, J. A. du, Samy, A. M. tb, Sanabria, J. R. tc, td Sanchez-Niño, M. D. te, Sandar L. a, Santos, I. S. ey, J. V. hc, Santric Milicevic, M. M. eh, ei Sarmiento-Suarez, R. tf, Sartorius, B. tg, ti Satpathy, M. aq, Savic, M. hu, Sawhney, M. tj, Saylan, M. I. tk, Schöttker, B. fv, tl Schutte, A. E. tm, tn Schwebel, D. C. bb, Seedat, S. qf, Seid, A. M. ff, Seifu, C. 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Js, Thakur, Alan, Thomson, Taavi, Tillmann, Tenaw, Yimer, Tiruye, Ruoyan, Tobe Gai, Marcello, Tonelli, Roman, Topor Madry, Miguel, Tortajada, Christopher, Troeger, Thomas, Truelsen, Abera, Kenay, Tura, Uche, Uchendu, Kingsley, N, Ukwaja, Eduardo, Undurraga, Chigozie, Jesse, Uneke, Olalekan, Uthman, Job, F, Van, Boven, Rita, Van, Dingenen, Santosh, Varughese, Tommi, Vasankari, Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian, Francesco, Violante, Sergey, Vladimirov, Vasiliy, Victorovich, Vlassov, Stein, Emil, Vollset, Theo, Vo, Joseph, Wagner, Tolassa, Wakayo, Stephen, Waller, Judd, Walson, Haidong, Wang, Yuan Pang, Wang, David, Watkin, Elisabete, Weiderpa, Robert, Weintraub, Chi Pang, Wen, Andrea, Werdecker, Joshua, Wesana, Ronny, Westerman, Harvey, Whiteford, James, Wilkinson, Charles, Shey, Wiysonge, Belete, Getahun, Woldeye, Charles, Wolfe, Sungho, Won, Abdulhalik, Workicho, Shimelash, Bitew, Workie, Mamo, Wubshet, Denis, Xavier, Gelin, Xu, Ajit, Kumar, Yadav, Mohsen, Yaghoubi, Bereket, Yakob, Lijing, Yan, Yuichiro, Yano, Mehdi, Yaseri, Hassen, Hamid, Yimam, Paul, Yip, Naohiro, Yonemoto, Seok Jun, Yoon, Mustafa, Youni, Chuanhua, Yu, Zoubida, Zaidi, Maysaa, El, Sayed, Zaki, Carlos, Zambrana Torrelio, Tomas, Zapata, Zerihun, Menlkalew, Zenebe, Sanjay, Zodpey, Leo, Zoeckler, Liesl, Joanna, Zuhlke, Murray, Christopher, Barber, R, Fullman, N, Sorensen, R, Bollyky, T, Mckee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, A, Abdurahman, A. 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Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jona, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, Jame, Leinsalu, Mall, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lyons, Ronan A, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Marks, Guy B, Marquez, Neal, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barriento, Massano, João, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McNellan, Claire, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Mills, Edward J, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohanty, Sanjay K, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moses, Mark, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Sudan Prasad, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Osman, Majdi, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Pakhale, Smita, Castillo, Elizabeth Palomare, Pana, Adrian, Papachristou, Christina, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Teja, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paul, Vinod K, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Prakash, V., Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nawal K, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolore, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M Santric, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Seifu, Canaan Negash, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shamsipour, Mansour, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alve, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B, Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Morae, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nichola, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sun, Jiandong, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarajia, Musharaf, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Teeple, Stephanie, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thakur, J.S., Thomson, Alan J, Tillmann, Taavi, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thoma, Tura, Abera Kenay, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Van Dingenen, Rita, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A, Wakayo, Tolassa, Waller, Stephen G, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watkins, David A, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wen, Chi-Pang, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlo, Zapata, Toma, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Dánartíðni, Lífslíkur, Life expectancy, Diseases, Health insurance, Globan Burden of Disease, Healthcare Access, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, Methods, Psychology, LIFE EXPECTANCY, Risk assessment, Public health, Globan Burden of Disease, Injuries, Tölfræði, Sjúkdómar, Statistics, DEATH, Þjóðir, Staðtölur, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Healthcare access, Health status indicators, Health policy, Global burden of disease, Gæðastjórnun, Sálfræði, COMPARATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT, Lýðheilsa, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Standards, UNITED-STATES, Sjúkratryggingar, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Mortality, Public health systems, medicine (all), Áhættugreining, Science & Technology, Health services accessibility, Staðlar, TRENDS, Heilbrigðisþjónusta, MEDICAL-CARE, AVOIDABLE MORTALITY, Áverkar, Aðferðafræði, Quality of health care, EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, Heilbrigðiskerfi
Abstract: Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Findings Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28.6 to 94.6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40.7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39.0-42.8) in 1990 to 53.7 (52.2-55.4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21.2 in 1990 to 20.1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73.8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. Interpretation This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-systemcharacteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2017

681. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, McNellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, AlBuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlov, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Boris, Binagwaho, Agnes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert RA, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas JK, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecilio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, Jose, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Mendonca Felicio, Manuela, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph RA, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica AFM, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfi K Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, Joao, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, McGrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert BM, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moges, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefi, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafi U, Monasta, Lorenzo, De la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, 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S., Rabiee, Amir, Radfar, Vafa Rahimi, Movaghar, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rahman, Rajesh Kumar, Rai, Sasa, Rajsic, Murugesan, Raju, Usha, Ram, Saleem M., Rana, Chhabi Lal, Ranabhat, Kavitha, Ranganathan, Puja C., Rao, Amany H., Refaat, Marissa B., Reitsma, Giuseppe, Remuzzi, Serge, Resnikoff, Antonio L., Ribeiro, Maria Jesus Rios, Blanca, Hirbo Shore, Roba, Bayard, Robert, Alina, Rodriguez, David Rojas, Rueda, Luca, Ronfani, Gholamreza, Roshandel, Gregory A., Roth, Dietrich, Rothenbacher, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Roy, Ben Benasco, Sackey, Rajesh, Sagar, Muhammad Muhammad, Saleh, Juan R., Sanabria, Damian F., Santomauro, Itamar S., Santo, Rodrigo Sarmiento, Suarez, Benn, Sartoriu, Maheswar, Satpathy, Miloje, Savic, Monika, Sawhney, Susan M., Sawyer, Josef, Schmidhuber, Maria Inês, Schmidt, Ione J. C., Schneider, Aletta E., Schutte, David C., Schwebel, Soraya, Seedat, Sadaf G., Sepanlou, Edson E., Servan Mori, Katya, Shackelford, Amira, Shaheen, Masood Ali, Shaikh, Teresa Shamah, Levy, Rajesh, Sharma, Jun, She, Sara, Sheikhbahaei, Jiabin, Shen, Kevin N., Sheth, Muki, Shey, Peilin, Shi, Kenji, Shibuya, Mika, Shigematsu, Min Jeong, Shin, Rahman, Shiri, Kawkab, Shishani, Ivy, Shiue, Inga Dora, Sigfusdottir, Naris, Silpakit, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Jonathan I., Silverberg, Edgar P., Simard, Shireen, Sindi, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Vegard, Skirbekk, Amber, Sligar, Samir, Soneji, Kjetil, Søreide, Reed J. D., Sorensen, Joan B., Soriano, Sergey, Soshnikov, Luciano A., Sposato, Chandrashekhar T., Sreeramareddy, Hans Christian, Stahl, Jeff rey D., Stanaway, Vasiliki, Stathopoulou, Nadine, Steckling, Nicholas, Steel, Dan J., Stein, Caitlyn, Steiner, Heidi, Stöckl, Saverio, Strange, Mark, Strong, Jiandong, Sun, Bruno F., Sunguya, Patrick, Sur, Soumya, Swaminathan, Bryan L., Syke, Cassandra E. I., Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés, Seisdedo, Karen M., Tabb, Roberto Tchio, Talongwa, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarawneh, Mohammad, Tavakkoli, Bineyam, Taye, Hugh R., Taylor, Bemnet Amare, Tedla, Worku, Tefera, Teketo Kassaw, Tegegne, Dejen Yemane, Tekle, Girma Temam, Shifa, Abdullah Sulieman, Terkawi, Gizachew Assefa, Tessema, J. S., Thakur, Alan J., Thomson, Andrew L., Thorne Lyman, Amanda G., Thrift, George D., Thurston, Taavi, Tillmann, Ruoyan Tobe, Gai, Marcello, Tonelli, Roman Topor, Madry, Fotis, Topouzi, Bach Xuan, Tran, Zacharie Tsala, Dimbuene, Abera Kenay, Tura, Emin Murat, Tuzcu, Stefanos, Tyrovola, Kingsley Nnanna, Ukwaja, Eduardo A., Undurraga, Chigozie Jesse, Uneke, Olalekan A., Uthman, Aaron van, Donkelaar, Yuri Y., Varakin, Tommi, Vasankari, Ana Maria Nogales, Vasconcelo, J., Lennert Veerman, Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian, Raj Kumar, Verma, Francesco S., Violante, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vlassov, Patricia, Volkow, Stein Emil, Vollset, Gregory R., Wagner, Mitchell T., Wallin, Linhong, Wang, Valentine, Wanga, David A., Watkin, Scott, Weichenthal, Elisabete, Weiderpa, Robert G., Weintraub, Daniel J., Wei, Andrea, Werdecker, Ronny, Westerman, Harvey A., Whiteford, James D., Wilkinson, Charles Shey, Wiysonge, Charles D. A., Wolfe, Ingrid, Wolfe, Sungho, Won, Anthony D., Woolf, Shimelash Bitew, Workie, Mamo, Wubshet, Gelin, Xu, Ajit Kumar, Yadav, Bereket, Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yalew, Lijing L., Yan, Yuichiro, Yano, Mehdi, Yaseri, Pengpeng, Ye, Paul, Yip, Naohiro, Yonemoto, Seok Jun, Yoon, Mustafa Z., Youni, Chuanhua, Yu, Zoubida, Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaki, Carlos Zambrana, Torrelio, Tomas, Zapata, Elias Asfaw, Zegeye, Yi, Zhao, Maigeng, Zhou, Sanjay, Zodpey, David, Zonie, Christopher J. L., Murray, Lim, Stephen S, Allen, Kate, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Hay, Simon I, Holmberg, Mollie, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kutz, Michael J, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, Mcnellan, Claire R, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Olsen, Helen E, Pigott, David M, Salomon, Joshua A, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Uzma, Alasfoor, Deena, Albuhairan, Fadia S, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'A, Alkhateeb, Mohammad AB, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Benjamin O, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly A, Bikbov, Bori, Binagwaho, Agne, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Broday, David M, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesu, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Cecílio, Pedro, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Che, Xuan, Chen, Alan Zian, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Cohen, Aaron J, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cowie, Benjamin C, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Neves, José da, Davis, Adrian C, Davletov, Kairat, de Castro, E Filipa, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Felicio, Manuela Mendonca, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Ferrari, Alize J, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Fürst, Thoma, Gabbe, Belinda, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gessner, Bradford D, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Godwin, William, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nichola, Greenwell, Karen Fern, Griswold, Max, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haakenstad, Annie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jansen, Henrica A F M, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kandel, Amit, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Karunapema, Palitha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krueger, Han, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, Jame, Leinsalu, Mall, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimunda, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensink, Gert B M, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mesfin, Yonatan Moge, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murdoch, Michele E, Murimira, Brighton, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Sriniva, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolte, Sandra, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Teja, Patel, Vikram, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pedro, João Mário, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranganathan, Kavitha, Rao, Puja C, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rio, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Roberts, Bayard, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Sackey, Ben Benasco, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Santomauro, Damian F, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Nari, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stahl, Hans-Christian, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Steel, Nichola, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stöckl, Heidi, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Sun, Jiandong, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J.S., Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Veerman, J Lennert, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Volkow, Patricia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Wanga, Valentine, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Woolf, Anthony D, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlo, Zapata, Toma, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zhao, Yi, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, spline regressions, Health Status, Global Health, Goal, Health Statu, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, Universal Health Insurance, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, health-related SDG performance indicators, socio-demographic index, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resource, Disabled Persons, Health Status Indicator, Medicine(all), Insurance, Health, Risk Factor, Medicine (all), Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, Cost of Illne, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Disabled Person, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Universal Coverage, Goals, Human
Abstract: Summary Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2016

682. Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus.

Author: Rajavi Z, Feizi M, Aliasghar Nabavi S, Sabbaghi H, Behradfar N, Mehdi Yaseri MS, Faghihi M, and Abdi S
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of slanted versus augmented recession in patients with horizontal strabismus., Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 100 esotropic (ET) and exotropic (XT) patients with a high AC/A ratio which was defined as a difference of ≥ 10 prism diopters (pd) between the distance and near deviations were included if the patients had a distance deviation ≥ 15 pd. Patients were randomly assigned into the slanted ( n = 26 in ET and n = 24 in XT group) and augmented recession groups ( n = 25 in ET and n = 25 in XT group). In the slanted group, recession was performed on the superior and inferior poles of the muscle based on the distance and near deviations, respectively, while in the augmented recession group, the muscles were recessed 1.00 or 1.50 mm more than the standard amount according to the distance and near difference between 10 and 20 pd or > 20 pd, respectively., Results: The mean age was 9.8 ± 9.6 years and 63% were female. There was a significant postoperative reduction of difference in convergence excess in ET cases compared to patients who underwent the augmented recession procedure (12.65 ± 6.16 vs 8.64 ± 6.1 pd, P = 0.014). Among our XT groups, there was no significant difference in postoperative reduction in the XT angle in the slanted group compared with the augmented group ( P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Slanted recession is recommended in convergence excess ET patients. In XT patients, either slanted or augmented recession may be chosen according to the priority and experience of the surgeon., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Rajavi et al.)
Published: 2019
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682 results on '"Mehdi Yaseri"'

651. Randomized trial of intravitreal bevacizumab alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation in diabetic macular edema

652. Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema

653. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in central Iran; The Yazd eye study

654. Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after two intravitreal bevacizumab injections for wet type age-related macular degeneration

655. Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab with versus without triamcinolone for neovascular age-related macular degeneration; a randomized clinical trial

656. Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Refractory Central Serous Choroidoretinopathy

657. Bevacizumab vs. Triamcinolone

658. Worthing Physiological Score vs Revised Trauma Score in Outcome Prediction of Trauma patients; a Comparative Study

659. Effect of timolol on refractive outcomes in eyes with myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis: a prospective randomized clinical trial

660. Relation of stroke risk factors with specific stroke subtypes and territories

661. Determinants of maternal mortality in iran 1990-2015: A longitudinal study

662. Citrobacter freundii foodborne disease outbreaks related to environmental conditions in Yazd province, Iran

663. Postoperative net survival of gastric adenocarcinoma at imam khomeini hospital in tehran: Estimating in a relative-survival framework

664. Relationship between socioeconomic factors and incidence of cosmetic surgery in tehran, iran

665. Response to the letter on the gap of cigarette and hookah smoking between socioeconomic groups in Iran: Effect of inequalities in socioeconomic position

666. The effect of theory-based HIV/AIDS educational program on preventive behaviors among female adolescents in Tehran: A randomized controlled trial

667. Effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory on promoting preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis

668. Factors affecting the long-term survival of kidney transplantation in northeastern of iran between 2000 and 2015

669. The gender issue in congenital and developmental cataract surgery

670. Attitude of cancer patients toward diagnosis disclosure and their preference for clinical decision-making: A national survey

671. Relation between serum ferritin and liver and heart MRI T2* in beta thalassaemia major patients | Relation entre la ferritine sérique et l'IRM hépatique et cardiaque pondérée en T2* chez des patients atteints de bÊta-thalassémie majeure

672. Steroid induced ocular hypertension following myopic photorefractive keratectomy

673. Refractive state in children with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

674. Vision related quality of life in myopia; photorefractive keratectomy versus nonsurgical optical correction

675. Knowledge and awareness of age related eye diseases: A population-based survey

676. Development and Validation of the Tools for Evaluating Awareness and Practice Related to Heat Stress among the Workers of Warm Workplaces

677. Impact of body mass index on bone density of menopausal women in Hamadan Province, Iran

678. Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus

679. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and the Different Roles in Cyberbullying Among High School Students in Tehran.

680. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

681. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

682. Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus.

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682 results on '"Mehdi Yaseri"'

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