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Data on features of formation of health of different groups of the population in the development process of the country and its regions are an important information base for the development and implementation of measures for the maintenance and strengthening ofpublic health. The aim of the study was to determine and predict trends in indicators of primary disease incidence and prevalence among adolescent population over the next 10 years. Materials provided to analyze the data of the consolidated annual report forms .o 12 "The number of registered diseases in patients living in the service area of the medical establishment"for showing trends over the 10-year period (2001-2010). Calculation and analysis of dynamics were integral coefficients, determined the level of adolescent health violations from "low" to "high". Incidence rate of incidence and prevalence of disease were evaluated by calculating the dynamic coefficient of determination R approximation. The article presents results of forecasting over the next 10 years in the adolescent population (15-17years) changes the primary indicators incidence and prevalence of diseases. This technique was used by the authors. In view of the projected increase in detected trends data set of indicators at 40, 7-50,2%. Sex predicted dynamics of increase in juniors at 42,1-58.9%, the girls - the 31,2-49,6%. These data characterize negatively predicted for the near future a regional trend in incidence rates in the analyzed populations. They must be taken into account when deciding on the preservation and strengthening of health of the rising generation, including - in shaping regional social programs and health care programs.

Statistical analysis within the 20-year period showed that approximately 49% of workers who were exposed to widespread industrial poison acrylonitrile subsequently died from malignancy of different localization. The conducted experimental investigations demonstrated that acrylonitrile with the subacute intoxication of animals, the anti-tumor antibiotic doxorubicin, their combination, interwoven tumor and tumor developed against the background the introduction of acrylate and subsequent treatment doxorubicin led to onset of free-radical reactions. These reactions by themselves might stimulate development of malignancy. This fact confirms the need for antioxidant tracking of chemotherapy of tumors in the similar clinical cases.

The distribution of two CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms, CYP1A2*F and CYP1A2*D, was studied in a group of 38 men. Antipyrine elimination test was carried out and urinary cotinine was measured. The contribution of these CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms, age, and tobacco smoking to accumulation of three main antipyrine metabolites in the urine was evaluated by regression analysis. The impact of both studied polymorphisms was essential for urinary levels of 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (metabolite most dependent on cytochrome P-4501A2) and hence, for functional activity of this isoform of the enzyme.

Electroencephalography investigations were carried out twice in 26 schoolchildren in the age of 7-8 years and in the age of 9-10 years. The control group included healthy children: the research group included children in whom in the age of 7-8 years the normal level of arterial pressure was registered, and in whom in the age of 9-10 years labile arterial hypertension was revealed. It is revealed, that in children of younger school age forming of the labile form of arterial hypertension is connected whit infringement of processes of age changes of intercortical and cortical-subcortical interrelations and forming of rigidly integrated system of interhemispheric relations. Its mechanism of realization is carried out due to hyperactivation of the right hemisphere and it is incorporated on preclinical stage.

Electroencephalography was performed in 7-8- and 9-10-year-old pupils. Control group consisted of healthy children; experimental group consisted of children without signs of grade IV and V sinus arrhythmia at the age of 7-8 years, but with grade IV and V sinus arrhythmia at the age of 9-10 years. In primary school-aged children (7-8 years), manifestation of marked sinus arrhythmia is associated with disturbances in age-specific dynamics of interhemispheric interaction and with the formation, at the initial stage, of a rigid integrated system primarily due to functional intrahemispheric connections, the major contribution being made by the posterior associative cortical areas.

In modelling experiments of the influence of variable magnetic field of industrial frequency (50 Hz) by induction of 1500 and 6000 mkTl during 5 days on microflora and on enzyme activity of soils the South of Russia of different genesis and properties is investigated.

Complex of extraembryonic organs is a special functional system that is one of the earliest to arise in ontogenesis. Fetal development significantly depends upon successful ontogenesis of its extraembryonic organs, which possess their special evolutionary history. What are concrete mechanisms of "adjustment" of a developing organism to the requirements of an environment, which in many respects is new in comparison with those conditions that existed during the ontogenesis of parental forms? Authors believe that it is very promising to look for their morphological manifestations at the level of placenta which is the collector of homeostatic mechanisms. Taking into considerations the rapid course of noosphere evolution, the determination of the strategy of the evolution of the "mother-extraembryonic organs-fetus" system at all the stages of its formation, remains an urgent issue. However, the problem of interrelations between the extraembryonic organs both during their morphogenesis and, especially, in already formed extraembryonic provisional complex often escapes the attention of researchers. This article presents the examination and analysis of phylogenetic history of formation and integration of extraembryonic organ complex. The problems, perspectives and possible mechanisms of their evolutionary transformations are discussed. It appears that at placental level, the mechanisms of co-adaptation of maternal and fetal organisms are realized by trial-and-error process. Placenta plays a role of molecular peacemaker between these organisms. Specific mechanisms, in our opinion, have a clonal-selection nature, that is based on the phenomenon of an alternative splicing. Morphological equivalent of clonal diversity is associated with an enormous number of variations of morphotypes of cell nuclei at the level of trophoblastic elements with the reduction of this variability during their normal development. However, it must be preserved under conditions of ill-being as a morphological reaction, indicating the continuing search for new clones.

Pathophysiological parameters were compared in animals with different sensitivity to Ebola virus infected with this virus. Analysis of the results showed the differences in immune reactions underlying the difference between Ebola-sensitive and Ebola-resistant animals. No neutrophil activation in response to Ebola virus injection was noted in Ebola-sensitive animal. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils in these animals inversely correlated with animal sensitivity to Ebola virus. Animal susceptibility to Ebola virus directly correlated with the decrease in the number of circulating T and B cells. We conclude that the immune system plays the key role in animal susceptibility and resistance to Ebola virus.

Reorganization of sinusoidal cells (endotheliocytes, Kupffer cells, and Ito cells) in the liver microregion of male rat liver exposed to 3,4-benzopyrene was studied. Synchronous activation of the lysosome-vacuole systems in Kupffer cells and endotheliocyte indicates cooperation of these cells in detoxification of benzopyrene and its metabolites. Ito cells lose lipid inclusions and actively proliferate; the appearance of intermediate forms between lipocytes and fibroblasts attests to activation of fibrogenesis in the liver.

The fetus must transport considerable and increasing amounts of calcium across the placental trophoblast epithelium to support growth and development and bone formation. Active calcium transport across epithelia has been shown to correlate with calbindin D9k or 28k content. This study examined the distribution of calbindin D9k (9CBP) protein and mRNA during pregnancy in the bovine placenta to determine its possible role in calcium transport in this system. The immunocytochemical results show 9CBP in an increasing percentage of interplacentomal uninucleate trophoblast cells until, at term, all show a level at least eight times that of any other placental cell. There is a similar, although smaller, rise in their 9CBP mRNA content. The mature interplacentomal binucleate cell ( approximately 5% of the total) contains no 9CBP at any stage of pregnancy. In interplacentomal uterine epithelium, 9CBP protein and mRNA decrease to zero in late pregnancy but the glands maintain constant low levels throughout. In the placentome trophoblast, uninucleate cells show insignificant amounts but binucleate cells (15-20% of the total trophoblast cells) contain considerable levels of both 9CBP protein and mRNA, as do all the uninucleate uterine epithelial cells. The placentomal binucleate cells show peak values at mid-pregnancy; the placentomal uterine epithelium shows only small changes in levels in the second half of pregnancy. Increase in fetal calcium demand in the second half of pregnancy therefore correlates with a major increase in 9CBP only in the interplacentomal trophoblast, as we have also shown in the sheep and goat, indicating an important role for this region in active calcium transport by the ruminant placenta. The 9CBP is distributed uniformly in the cytosol and nucleoplasm, supporting a role in facilitated diffusion of calcium through the cell rather than a vesicular shuttle system.

Technogenic environmental pollution has a marked indirect influence on the growth of infection morbidity. While comparing areas with different technogenic loads, the most significant differences in the levels of morbidity were noted in the period of minimal epidemic process intensity. This period was the most susceptible link of an epidemiological year.

Background: Tracer studies are an important tool to obtain information about the processes involved in the immunological response. Colloidal gold is widely used as a tracer, but its small size of label can cause some difficulty during low-resolution analysis. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a new method to follow the route of tracer movement within lymph nodes., Methods: We applied conventional X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) subtractional microscopy using synchrotron radiation (SR) beams, light microscopy, and ultrastructural analysis to study the distribution and quantity of colloidal gold coupled with albumin within rat parasternal lymph node 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after intrapleural injection of the tracer., Results: At all the time points XFA-SR revealed that tracer formed a circle with a maximum concentration in the node periphery. XFA-SR measured colloidal gold concentration in the nodes reached its maximum (0.5-0.75 weight %) in 6-8 h. Subtractional microscopy revealed superficially located groups of cells filled with colloidal gold tracer. Light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis confirmed that the tracer was concentrated in the reticular cells, situated in the sinuses of the node. Sinusoidal reticular cells concentrated tracer at much higher rates than sinusoidal macrophages. Four hours after injection, gold appeared in the lysosomes of the follicular reticular cells. At the same time point, evidence of antigen presentation was obtained. Antigen presentation proved to be an extremely rara event since only one ultrastructural incident was found in 150 analysed grids., Conclusions: SR is a valuable tool for the analysis of gold tracer passage within the living organism.

The influence of activation of lipid peroxidation (LP) on morphofunctional organization of extraembryonic compounds and liver on different stages of rat's ontogenesis was studied. It is found that LP-activation (paraquat injection) in late pregnancy leads to extensive vacuolization of trophoblastic and yolk sac cells. In the embryonic liver, the number of hemopoietic cells decreases. During the first days after LP activation in the liver of adult animals, enlargement of granular endoplasmic reticulum elements and their degranulation were revealed. In the liver cells of the offsprings, administered paraquat prenatally, signs of bile formation activation were detected.

Glucose residues were revealed by light microscopic and fine structural analysis using hexokinase-gold conjugate. In human term placenta specific staining was detected over the stroma of placental villi. Colloidal gold particles were found over the collagen fibrils and reticular lamina of basal membrane. Syncytiotrophoblast cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells of fetal capillaries were void of labelling. Nucleated blood cells and thrombocytes inside the lumen of fetal capillaries possessed intense labelling. In the present investigation the process of extracellular glycosylation of collagen was histochemically demonstrated.

The impact of the North conditions on the human body has been studied. There are high morbidity and mortality rates, abnormal pregnancy, premature and abnormal labors, and congenital malformations in the newborn. A complex of medical and prophylactic measures has been worked out to protect human health as a result of the studies of the regularities of general and occupational diseases at some enterprises in the Far North, Yakutia, and Buryatia.

The effects of benzpyrene (BP) were studied in 32 male Wistar rats. Treatment of intact mature animals with benzpyrene causes transformations of hepatocytes. Antenatal treatment with BP initiates a complex of compensatory-adaptational reactions in the liver of progeny and the effect retains at the postnatal period. The combined ante- and postnatal administration of the toxic drug makes the liver prepared to liquidate the effect of the pathogenic action with the help of a complex of compensatory mechanisms with qualitative changes in cell metabolism.

We studied transportation of the colloidal gold labelled albumin 0.5-24 hours after intraabdominal administration of the tracer in normal rabbits and rabbits with experimental diffuse peritonitis (total 24 rabbits). Evacuation of foreign protein goes through the mesothelial stomata to the lymphatic vessels of diaphragm and further to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Sufficient amount of the tracer was captured by the phagocytes inside the lymph collectors. In case of peritonitis reticular cells of the lymph node displayed decreased capture of the tracer. This fact can be attributed to obstacles in the evacuation of the tracer from peritoneum and decreased phagocytic capacity of the reticular cells.

This paper reports a new cytochemical affinity technique for detecting oxidized-glutathione-binding enzymes by light microscopy and for carrying out fine structural analyses by means of oxidized glutathione labelled with colloidal gold. Albumin-colloidal gold particles were prepared. Oxidized glutathione, added to the solution, replaced albumin on the surface of the gold, thus forming a new histochemical reagent. In human placenta, oxidized-glutathione-catalysing activity was detected on the brush border of the placental villi, over the foldings of endothelial membranes, and in the ground substance of connective tissue in the villous core. Every process of the cell membrane demonstrated enhanced oxidized-glutathione-catalysing activity. This new reagent is a unique example of a low-molecular-weight compound labelled with colloidal gold, and it permits direct measurement of oxidized-glutathione-binding activity in tissue sections.

Glucose-6-phosphate residues were revealed by fine structural analysis using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-gold conjugate. In human mature placenta specific staining was detected over the stroma of placental villi. Colloidal gold particles were found over the collagen fibrils and reticular lamina of basal membrane. Syncytiotrophoblast cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells of fetal capillaries avoided labelling. Nucleated blood cells and thrombocytes inside the lumen of fetal capillaries demonstrated intense staining. The present investigation demonstrates histochemically the process of extracellular glycosylation. Glycated collagen fibrils formed channels inside the stroma of placental villi.

With light and electron microscopy, the localization of human albumin labeled with colloidal gold is described in the subclavia lymph nodes of rabbits following an intraperitoneal injection of this labeled albumin. Most of the particles were found in the reticular cells of the sinus, and some particles were identified in the sinus macrophages. No particles were found inside lymph node follicules within 1 hour after injection. All stages of internalization of foreign protein inside lymph node cells were demonstrated.

Distribution of different forms of cytochrome P-450 (forms C, D and B) in human placenta by immunohistochemical methods on light microscopy level with colloid gold was studied. Positive reaction with cytoplasm of endothelial cells, called the "epithelioid" plates of chorionic villi was found. Trophoblastic and stromal cells were not stained.

Distribution in mature human placenta of plasminogen, pregnancy-associated inhibitors of proteases (pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A) and alpha 2--pregnancy-associated glycoprotein, and also of not associated with pregnancy alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin was examined. Primary monospecific antibodies and secondary antibodies labeled with colloid gold were used. Plasminogen was detected in the fetal and maternal blood, and also on the surface of some placental villi (as thin positively stained rims). Pregnancy-associated protease inhibitors were detected in the syncytium of the villi of all histological types and also in the fetal and maternal blood. Staining for alpha 2-macroglobulin was most intensive. This antigen was detected in the maternal and fetal blood and on the surface of the villi. alpha 2-antitrypsin was detected in the fetal and maternal blood. It has been shown that both free plasminogen and its inhibitors are retained on the surface of the placental villi.

Morphological alterations in rat's liver during lipid peroxidation induction by paraqat were studied. Infiltration of liver by lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells was studied. On ultrastructure level profound extension of rough reticulum cistern and destruction of mitochondrial cristae were revealed by immunohistochemical methods. Cytochrom P-450 was localized on the fibrin fibers.

Paraquat action on glutathione reductase activity and intratissue distribution in the liver of intact rats and also in the animals antenatally treated with the given herbicide was studied by some biochemical and histochemical methods. It has been ascertained that paraquat injection into intact animals promotes the increase in the intracellular enzyme level, development of glutathione reductase staining of hepatocyte nuclei, diffuse distribution of the staining along the lobe. In rats antenatally treated with paraquat acute priming does not induce glutathione reductase. In these conditions a mosaic distribution of this enzyme is observed in the hepatic tissue.

In the present work methods for the localization of glucose-6-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate residues on tissue sections by means of labeled with colloidal gold specific enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase) are described. In order to get sufficient amount of labeled enzyme to the protein salts, used to stabilize colloidal gold salts, albumin was added. Residues of glucose-6-phosphoenolpyruvate were scattered equally through the villi of human placenta. In rat liver centrolobular localized hepatocytes had high content of specific staining. There were a lot of glucose-6-phosphate residues in hepatocytes nuclei.

A positive effect of radon baths (health resort "Belokurikha") has been stated on the course of restorative processes in the myocardium and regional lymph nodes of the heart at ischemic disease. An enhanced drainage activity of the lymph nodes revealed facilitates to a quick outflow of toxic lymph from the ischemic zone and, accordingly, to its biological treatment in the lymph nodes and contributes to a more complete restoration of the structure in the ischemia-damaged area of the myocardium.

Results of staining section of rat liver using colloidal gold-labeled pyruvate kinase are described. On light microscopic level, centrolobular localized hepatocytes displayed the most intense specific staining. With electron microscopic observations, phosphoenolpyruvate residues were seen over granular zones in the nuclei, over the cisternae of the granular ER, mitochondria, and hepatocyte microvilli.

By means of immunohistochemical methods a study of the liver intralobular localization of cytochromes P-450b(+e) and P-450c(+d) has been carried out after separate and consecutive treatment of rats with phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). PB-treatment leads to localization of P-450b in the centrilobular region, whereas homogeneous distribution of P-450c in the lobule is observed after MC-treatment. The consecutive treatment with PB and MC is accompanied by the localization of P-450c only in cells of the periportal region of the lobule. PB-treatment of rats after preliminary MC-injection also results in the periportal localization of P-450c, and a small quantity of P-450b is localized in hepatocytes of the centrilobular region. Hence, the consecutive treatment with inducers of different molecular forms of cytochrome P-450 is accompanied by the redistribution of these isoenzymes in parenchymatous cells of the liver lobule. That is confirmed also by biochemical testing and immunochemical analysis of the microsomal fraction of hepatocytes.

A morphological study of the spleen in the C57BL line female mice on the 16th day of pregnancy showed a significant increase in the relative area of generative centres and red pulp and a decrease in the white pulp relative area as well as a rise in the amount of plasmatic cells and blast forms in red pulp during allogenic pregnancy (BALB embryos). Such changes are supposed to favour both the preservation of the intact mother-extrafetal organs-fetus system and the improvement of allogenic embryos trophics.

The role of the extra-embryonic organs (e.g. placenta) in the feto-maternal immunological interactions is not clear. Trophoblast cells of human placenta were studied in vitro in relation to their adaptive capacities under the immunological influence of allogeneic leucocytes of pregnant women. It was shown that after an 18-h interaction some trophoblastic cells were still viable, they were rich in glycoproteins and RNA, and elicited a prominent activity of some enzymes. Mitosis was often seen. The authors suppose that the trophoblast is highly adaptable to some immunological influences in vitro.

The water and electrolyte contents of various fetal and maternal tissues were studied at the final stage of embryogeny and during prolonged pregnancy. The data indicate that the placenta in prolonged pregnancy can act as a depot organ for water and sodium.

The authors obtained trophoblast culture from an early chorion of human embryo. Trophoblastic cells of the main 4 types described were: giant cells, with processes, fibro-blast-like, and round. All the cells were rich in RNA, glycoproteins, had a set of enzymes of the Krebs pentose cycle, but low activity of succinic dehydrogenase. A marked cytooxic effect of lymphocytes from healthy pregnant woman on the allogenous cells of the trophoblast culature and the absence of any interaction between the neoatal lymphocytes with the latter was revealed.

Principle possibilities of the complex evaluation of the mother-fetus exchange were studied by means of morphological investigations of the human placenta in normality, in vesicular mole, late toxicoses, hemolytic disease of newborns and malformations of the fetus. The investigation of the ratio of the villi of different size, deposition of fibrinoid on their surface, the change of the amount of cytotrophoblastic elements, cells of Kaschenko-Hofbauer and the polymerity of the basic substance are of diagnostic value. The authors propose the basal lamina of the placenta to be included into the scheme of the examination of placenta.

A rapid, sensitive and specific quantitative method of simultaneous determination of diazepam and its pharmacologically active metabolites in biological fluids by means of high-performance liquid chromatography on a liquid chromatograph "Milichrom" was used for pharmacokinetic studies in the "mother-placenta-fetus" system.