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Although in vitro anchorage-independent growth is widely used as a marker of cell transformation, the biological implications of this trait are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that enforced anchorage-independent growth of a nontumorigenic, immortalized epithelial cell line (IEC-18) in multicellular spheroid culture results in massive apoptotic cell death. This death process, termed anoikis, is prevented by expression of transforming oncogenes, which also confer tumorigenic competence. This study examines whether acquisition of an anoikis-resistant phenotype is causally related to the tumorigenic capacity of transformed epithelial cells. Parental IEC-18 cells were subjected to 10 cycles of selection for survival in speroid culture. Unlike parental cells, the resulting anoikis-resistant variants (AR1.10 and AR2.10) formed relatively large tumors in nude mice. Both anoikis-resistant sublines displayed upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenesis stimulator. VEGF121 overexpression alone did not induce tumorigenic conversion of parental IEC-18 cells, which remained highly susceptible to anoikis. We postulate that both anoikis-resistance and angiogenic-competence contribute to tumor formation. Development of anoikis-resistance can be then viewed as a precondition for expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. Our results suggest that even when angiogenesis is not a rate limiting factor (e.g. in vitro) the selective pressures of solid tumor-like, 3—dimensional growth conditions favoring anoikis resistance result in collateral induction of a proangiogenic phenotype.

The title compound, C6H13O3PSe, was obtained in the reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2-seleno-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane potassium salt with methyl iodide. The selenomethyl group is in the axial position in relation to the six-membered dioxaphosphorinane ring.

W pracy przedstawiono ogólne założenie i szczegółową charakterystykę Programu Rozwoju Obszarów wiejskich na lata 2007-2013 (“PROW 2013”). Przeprowadzono jego analizą i ocenę w porównaniu z innymi europejskimi i krajowymi programami oraz omówiono problemy związane z uruchomieniem i realizacją. W uwagach końcowych wskazano na szereg słabości i niedociągnięć oraz potrzebę korekty programu

The title compound, C19H14ClO2PSe, was obtained in the reaction of the diphenylmonoselenophosphinic acid ammonium salt with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The dihedral angle between the P-bonded aromatic rings is 72.64 (14)°. Packing of the molecules in the crystal is reinforced by π–π stacking interactions between two inversion-related 4-chlorobenzene rings [centroid-centroid separation = 4.189 (2) Å] and a C—H...O interaction also occurs.

The title compound, C17H19O2PSe, was obtained in the reaction of the diphenylmonoselenophosphinic acid ammonium salt with pivaloyl chloride. The P—Se bond length of 2.0769 (11) Å is normal, while the P—O bond length of 1.650 (3) Å is longer than in related O-alkyl and O-aryl derivatives. One phenyl ring is periplanar to the Se—P—C plane, while the dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is ca 73°. The carbonyl group is in a synperiplanar position [torsion angle = 8.9 (6)°] to one of the methyl groups of the pivaloyl group. This is the first O-acyl derivative of diphenylmonoselenophosphinic acid characterized by X-ray structural analysis.

Preliminary studies were undertaken of the preparation parameters of DIM (double impregnation method) influencing metal loading, ruthenium catalyst dispersion and n-butane hydrogenolysis. Ruthenium red was used as the metal precursor of Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The infrared spectra of ruthenium red and EDTA adsorbed on alumina indicated that interaction occurs between adsorbates and the support surface. An extension of the impregnation time by ruthenium red caused a slight shift of the asymmetric –COO − band that may be explained by interaction between ruthenium and adsorbed EDTA. The small change in the –COO − band position was due to the nature of the metal–EDTA bond formed. An increase in metal loading led to an increase in ruthenium dispersion. Measurements of the rate of hydrogenolysis of n-butane were carried out in a gradientless reactor. All kinetic experiments were conducted under conditions where the hydrogen/n-butane molar ratio was 9:1, and involved isothermal determination of the relationship between the n-butane reaction rate and the corresponding degree of conversion (iso-X). The absence of propane and the presence of isobutane (at lower temperature) among the products were discussed.

Abstract The investigation carried out due to the failure of a shopping center as the result of fire is presented. The fire started inside waste material stored on the unloading ramp, then developed as a result of the burning of Styrofoam insulation along the building walls. Damage from the fire took a section of the reinforced slab above the ramp on which the parking lot was located. The elements of the beam-and-slab floor were partially destroyed. Precast panels of "filigree" lost adhesion to the concrete overlay formed in situ. On-site inspection and evaluation of the degree of structural element damage were undertaken. The various concepts for repair methods for the significantly damaged structural elements were considered. The support by the use of additional steel structure was suggested as more efficient than the partial replacement of the damaged slab with new structure. In the case of another fire the steel bar structure also had to be protected by claddings (using spray method or curtains made of plasterboard). The cost of repairs was not the most important factor in this case. Much more important was to bring the structure to safe use for a long time as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deposit/refund systems are desirable instruments for environmental regulation where monitoring of emissions is difficult. Such systems may gain additional political acceptability, however, if implemented sothat no net revenues accrue to the government. The revenue neutrality constraint causes the deposit to drop below the efficient level, and the refund to rise. The extent to which this constraint leads to efficiency losses varies with the price elasticity of demand, with compliance costs, with the degree of correlation between willingness to pay and compliance costs, and with the magnitude of the externalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive program of drain construction, stream channelization and diversion, begun in the early 1900s, expanded the area of cultivated, arable land within the Dauphin Lake basin. The developed drainage network altered flows, shortened natural streams, eliminated aquatic habitats, and caused channel erosion. The Stream Rehabilitation Program was developed in 1992 to rehabilitate riparian zones and unstable stream reaches within the seven major tributaries of the watershed. The rehabilitation strategy included stream condition assessments, improvement of the channel stability and aquatic habitats by reintroducing pool and riffle sequences, and involvement of landowners in the design and implementation of their on-farm riparian rehabilitation plans. Between 1993 and 19%, 36 km of straightened channels were rehabilitated using pool and riffle sequences, and 14 cooperating livestock producers implemented new farm layouts and practices. Under a signed stewardship agreement, landowners committed to maintain the project works and a minimum 10-m riparian corridor for at least 10 years. The Stream Rehabilitation Program has been adopted as a model for other watershed level management programs throughout Manitoba. The program has raised public awareness of fisheries, wildlife, recreation, agriculture and land stewardship issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the methods used in the advanced analysis of plastic behavior of steels used in the automotive industry. The first stage consists of careful experiments at different strain rates. The best solution, according to the authors, is the RK constitutive relation with only eight fundamental constants. Moreover, they note that finite element method can be applied as a tool in design of materials testing at low and high strain rates.

The paper presents the results of analyses concerning a new approach to approximating trajectory of mining-induced horizontal displacements. Analyses aimed at finding the most effective method of fitting data to the trajectory of mining-induced horizontal displacements. Two variants were made. In the first, the direct least square fitting (DLSF) method was applied based on the minimization of the objective function defined in the form of an algebraic distance. In the second, the effectiveness of differential-free optimization methods (DFO) was verified. As part of this study, the following methods were tested: genetic algorithms (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The data for the analysis were measurements of on the ground surface caused by the mining progressive work at face no. 698 of the German Prospel-Haniel mine. The results obtained were compared in terms of the fitting quality, the stability of the results and the time needed to carry out the calculations. Finally, it was found that the direct least square fitting (DLSF) approach is the most effective for the analyzed registration data base. In the authors’ opinion, this is dictated by the angular range in which the measurements within a given measuring point oscillated.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of soft bipolar features in a sample of women with postpartum depressive symptoms, as well as to compare the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of subjects with bipolar or unipolar postpartum depressive symptomatology. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-four participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), while the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was used to screen for bipolarity features. Results: Of the 434 participants, 66 (15.2%) scored ≥ 13 points on the EPDS, thus fulfilling the screening criteria, and 103 scored ≥ 7 points on the MDQ. In comparison with non-depressed subjects, the women who scored positively on the EPDS were significantly more likely to exhibit symptoms of bipolar spectrum disorders (38 vs. 21%; chi-square test, p = 0.015). Women with bipolar PPD symptomatology were significantly younger than those exhibiting unipolar PPD symptoms (31.0±4.8 years vs. 28.5±4.1 years; t-test, p = 0.03). The groups did not differ in terms of obstetric characteristics. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with PPD symptomatology may be more likely to exhibit soft bipolarity features as compared with non-depressed women.

The article presents a method for assessing dynamic resistance of existing reinforced concrete slab road viaducts subjected to mining tremors. For this purpose there are formulated six criteria to determine the maximum permissible value of the component ground vibrations (ax,dop, ay,dop, az,dop).Within each criterion, a reference is made to the most critical components, for which for which the Author has formulated strength and kinematic conditions, reflecting the behaviour of the structure under dynamic excitation caused by mining tremor. The permissible range of structural behaviour was set by comparing the effects of load combinations adopted at the design stage with a seismic combination proposed in [12]. In the field of dynamic analysis the response spectrum method was used, taking into account the guidelines for the adaptation of Eurocode 8 for the calculation the response of construction to the influence of mining tremors. Finally, in accordance with the established procedure calculations were carried out and and results are presented for a sample reinforced concrete slab road viaduct.

The open cluster IC 4996 in Cygnus and its vicinity are investigated by applying a two-dimensional photometric classification of stars measured in the Vilnius seven-color photometric system. Cluster members are identified by applying distances based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes and the point vector diagram of the Gaia DR2 proper motions. For some B-type stars, spectroscopic MK types are also obtained from the Asiago spectra and collected from the literature. New parameters of the cluster are derived. The interstellar extinction AV covers a wide range of values, from 1.3 to 2.4 mag; the mean value in the central part of the cluster is 1.8 mag. The cluster distance is 1915 ± 110 pc, and its age is within 8–10 Myr. The cluster exhibits a long sequence from early-B to G stars, where stars cooler than B8 are in the pre-main-sequence stage. The plot of extinction versus distance shows a steep rise of AV up to 1.6 mag at 700–800 pc, which is probably related to dust clouds at the edge of the Great Cygnus Rift. The next increase in extinction by an additional 0.8 mag at d ≥ 1.7 kpc is probably related to the associations Cyg OB1 and Cyg OB3. The cluster IC 4996 does not belong to the Cyg OB1 association, which is located closer to the Sun, at 1682 ± 116 pc. It seems likely that the cluster and the surrounding O-B stars have a common origin with the nearby association Cyg OB3 since Gaia data show that these stellar groups are located at a similar distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interstellar extinction is investigated in a 2° x 2° area containing the dust and molecular clouds LDN 183 (MBM 37) and LDN 169, which are located at RA = 15h 54m, Dec = -3°. The study is based on a photometric classification in spectral and luminosity classes of 782 stars selected from the catalogs of 1299 stars down to V = 20 mag observed in the Vilnius seven-color system. For control, the MK types for the 18 brightest stars with V between 8.5 and 12.8 mag were determined spectroscopically. For 14 stars, located closer than 200 pc, distances were calculated from trigonometric parallaxes taken from the Gaia Data Release 1. For about 70% of the observed stars, two-dimensional spectral types, interstellar extinctions AV and distances were determined. Using 57 stars closer than 200 pc, we estimate that the front edge of the clouds begins at 105 - 8 pc. The extinction layer in the vicinities of the clouds can be about 20 pc thick. In the outer parts of the clouds and between the clouds, the extinction is 0.5-2.0 mag. Behind the Serpens/Libra clouds, the extinction range does not increase; this means that the dust layer at 105 pc is a single extinction source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article the problem of durability of elevations of large-panel technology buildings is analyzed. In Poland this is a serious technical issue because it has an impact on the whole country. Heat loss through infiltration, the possibility of mold growth and general breakdowns are also reasons for increasing user discomfort. In article the results of the diagnostics presented in the literature and the authors’ analysis and diagnostic results are presented. Article also presents conclusions regarding to the durability of applied insulation systems ETICS and the need to strengthening the layers connections of the facade panels.

The paper presents results of research on the assessment of the corrosion progress level in structural elements of buildings made of large-panel technology. The symptoms of corrosion processes and the results of other authors research are presented.

Assessment of the technical condition of large-panel buildings, due to their on-going use and covering resulting from thermomodernization works, is problematic. Results from non-destructive tests (NDT) are subjected to high uncertainty. Destructive tests, which give results with the highest level of confidence, are practically not used. Local sampling for testing gives only a partial image of the condition of a prefabricated building. In this type of construction, joints connecting the precast elements are the most vulnerable to degradation. Access to them is technically difficult. Demolition of this type of building is extremely rare. However, it is a unique opportunity to perform a full spectrum of both NDT and destructive testing. This gives an opportunity for large-scale demolition sampling to identify hidden defects and compare the results obtained by different methods. The comparison of results allows for the scaling of NDT methods and reveals the presence of typical relationships. The paper presents visual, non-destructive, and destructive tests' results of an over 40-year-old large-panel building scheduled for demolition. The design of this building is repetitive and similar to solutions found in thousands of other buildings. The usefulness of particular research methods for evaluating the technical condition of prefabricated buildings has been determined.

The durability of concrete structure members is dependent on several factors that should be analyzed at each stage of the construction process. Omitting any of these factors might lead to the augmentation of harmful interactions and, as an effect, to safety hazards and the degradation of a structure or its parts. The article, based on several years of studies on exploited concrete structures, presents the effects of an incorrect analysis of selected factors resulting in the occurrence of faults significantly influencing the possibility of safe use of the objects. The described cases include, but are not limited to, the consequences of an improper assessment of building conditions after a biogas explosion in a fermentation chamber, the effect of a wood dust explosion, fire temperature and firefighting action on the prestressed girders, the stages of degradation of bearing structures supporting gas tanks exploited in an aggressive environment, and the consequences of omitting the temperature load in relation to the upper surface of a plate covering the fire pond. In each case, methods of restoration of the damaged elements were proposed, and their application to engineering practice was described. The practical aspects of the conducted research and implemented interventions were indicated.

Informing users of waterworks systems about the quality of tap water is an obligatory trend. It should be accompanied by studies on the influence of the risk of threats on public health. Waterworks systems, being included in a critical infrastructure of the city, should be subject to special protection in this respect. In the paper, the authors' method of assessing threats to people and property from waterworks systems functioning in self-government units (SGUs), is proposed. Four categories of factors affecting the risk of threat to tap water consumers were assumed: the frequency or the probability of exposure- P , financial losses- C , damages to peoples' health- HL , the degree of the security- S . Based on this, a four-parametric risk matrix was developed. It was assumed that risk is a function of the parameters mentioned above: r = f ( P , C , HL , S ). For every parameter the five-parametric weight scale was assumed. An example of applying the method is presented. The proposed method should be an important element of water safety plans. It can also be adopted for other municipal systems subject to SGU., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and effectiveness of stenting using partially covered self-expandable stents in palliation of dysphagia in patients with unresectable esophageal cancer., Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital records of all patients who underwent esophageal stenting in the period 2008-2015 was performed. The study included patients with unresectable esophageal and esophagogastric cancer., Results: There were 442 patients included. Mean age was 56 years (range 28-89), and 379 were males. In 40 (9.0%) patients, stenting was performed in the cervical, in 150 (39.3%)-in the middle thoracic, in 141 (31.9%)-in lower thoracic esophagus and in 111 (25.1%)-in the esophagogastric junction. Stenting resulted in significant alleviation of dysphagia grade (3.0 vs. 1.0, p = 0.00001). During the follow-up, 55 (12.4%) patients experienced recurrent dysphagia due to tumor or granulation tissue overgrowth, and in 18 (4.1%) patients, migration of the stent occurred, for which an independent risk factor was adjuvant chemo- and/or radiation therapy (p = 0.001). Minor complications included chest pain (54.5%), delayed complete stent expansion (12.0%), feeling of a foreign body (25.3%), hiccup (1.6%), gastroesophageal reflux (45.6%) and post-discharge pneumonia (2.5%). A feeling of a foreign body in the esophagus was significantly more common after stenting of the cervical esophagus (p = 0.0001), and hiccup was more common after stenting of the esophagogastric junction (p = 0.02). Major complications included bleeding (1.3%), respiratory insufficiency (0.7%), esophageal perforation (0.9%) and irregular heartburn (2.3%). Overall procedure-related mortality was 0.4%. The median survival time was 117.8 days (range 2-732)., Conclusions: Stenting is an effective procedure in relieving dysphagia in patients with unresectable malignant esophageal stenosis and is associated with low rate of postoperative and long-term complications.

This paper presents a proposal for a procedure by which to analyse the risk of reservoirs being degraded. The body of water assessed for its susceptibility to degradation in line with the proposed procedure is Myczkowce Reservoir, SE Poland. This reservoir has a maximum capacity of ten million m 3 and helps provide hydropower, by serving as a surge tank located above the main Solina Reservoir. On the basis of an assessment of its morphometric and hydrological parameters, Myczkowce Reservoir was assigned to the low-resilience category where risk of degradation was concerned. The primary factors responsible for that are limited capacity in relation to shoreline length, a lack of thermal stratification, and a high value for the Schindler index. These and other environmental parameters provided for Myczkowce's assignment to the category of susceptible to the impact of matter supplied by its catchment, with this reflecting the instantaneous nature of the basin, high values for the Ohle coefficient, average catchment slope, and the lack of a septic system. The designated risk level supported Myczkowce's assignment to a category characterised by an "unacceptable" risk of degradation. The proposed method taking two parameters (resilience and susceptibility) into account represents the first universal method for assessing reservoirs without reference to risks such as drought, flooding, or lack of water supply for human consumption. The risk depends only on the reservoir and catchment parameters.

Introduction: Proximally located oesophageal cancer poses an especially difficult problem in terms of restoration of patency and the stenting procedure. Supplementary percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) may be useful in these patients., Aim: To assess the safety of the stenting procedure in the proximal oesophagus in patients with unresectable upper oesophageal cancer, performed simultaneously with PEG insertion., Material and Methods: Patients with obstructing upper oesophageal tumours were scheduled for an oesophageal stenting procedure and simultaneous PEG insertion. Degree of dysphagia, body weight loss, daily energy requirement, body mass index and performance status before and after the stenting procedure as well as complications were assessed., Results: Forty-five patients aged 19-88 years were included in the study. Six of them had a fistula to the trachea and underwent stenting of the oesophagus or both the oesophagus and the airway. The technical success rate was 100%. Following the procedure all patients were able to swallow fluids and semi-liquids, and PEG was used as the primary feeding route. Body mass index increased from 20.4 to 21.1 (p = 0.0001), body weight gain improved from -10.1 to +2.0 kg and metabolic requirements improved (p = 0.0001). Also, the Karnofsky score improved significantly (56.7 vs. 65.1, p = 0.0001). Mean survival time was 133 days (range: 36-378)., Conclusions: Stenting of the proximal oesophagus with simultaneous PEG is a safe procedure, allowing the patients to resume oral intake of liquids whilst improving nutritional status and general performance, with an acceptable rate of complications.

Background: Close anatomical relationships between the oesophagus and the bronchial tree can lead to the formation of oesophageal fistula particularly in patients with advanced lung or oesophageal carcinoma. Stenting is a most often used treatment in such patients, but data regarding the relative value of unilateral (US) vs . double stenting (DS) are scarce., Methods: Retrospective analysis of hospital records of patients with oesophageal fistula who underwent stenting between 2008 and 2016. In those in whom airway stenosis was >30%, double stenting (oesophagus and bronchial tree) was performed, whereas in those with lesser airway stenosis unilateral stenting (i.e., oesophagus only) was performed. In all patients, the degree of dysphagia, the degree of dyspnoea and the quality of life were assessed before and after the stenting., Results: There were 46 patients, analysed, including 26 who underwent DS and 20 patients who underwent US. Both, DS and US resulted in significant improvement of dysphagia (2.72 vs . 1.2, P=0.0001 and 2.65 vs . 1.0, P=0.0001), dyspnoea (2.89 vs . 0.34, P=0.0001 and 1.71 vs . 0.09, P=0.0001) and performance score (53.2 vs . 66.3, P=0.0001 and 54.3 vs . 62.38, P=0.0001). Neither fistula type, nor stenting method, weight loss and gain, and BMI, had an effect on survival (P=0.34). Disease progression and recurrence of fistula requiring re-intervention occurred in 9 patients (19.5%)., Conclusions: Double and unilateral stenting is an effective measure to alleviate dysphagia and dyspnoea in patients treated with malignant oesophageal fistula. In those with airway stenosis of ≤30%, stenting of the oesophagus only, instead of DS, is a safe method of treatment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

INTRODUCTION    There are no widely accepted standards for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. OBJECTIVES    The aim of this study was to assess the relative diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EBUS -FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS -FNA), and to compare them with standard diagnostic techniques such as endobronchial biopsy (EBB), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), and mediastinoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS    This was a prospective randomized study including consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of stage I or II sarcoidosis. EBB, TBLB, and TBNA were performed at baseline in all patients. Subsequently, patients were randomized to group A (EBUS -FNA) or group B (EUS -FNA). Next, a crossover control test was performed: all patients with negative results in group A underwent EUS -FNA and all patients with negative results in group B underwent EBUS -FNA. If sarcoidosis was not confirmed, mediastinoscopy was performed. RESULTS    We enrolled 106 patients, of whom 100 were available for the final analysis. The overall sensitivity and accuracy of standard endoscopic methods were 64% each. When analyzing each of the standard endoscopic methods separately, the diagnosis was confirmed with EBB in 12 patients (12%), with TBLB in 42 patients (42%), and with TBNA in 44 patients (44%). The sensitivity and accuracy of each endosonographic technique were significantly higher than those of EBB+TBLB+TBNA (P = 0.0112 vs P = 0.0134). CONCLUSIONS    The sensitivity and accuracy of EBUS -FNA and EUS -FNA are significantly higher than those of standard endoscopic methods. Moreover, the sensitivity and accuracy of EUS -FNA tend to be higher than those of EBUS -FNA.

Introduction: A large local health department in Colorado partnered with 15 school districts to develop an approach to evaluate changes in access to healthy foods in reimbursable school lunches and a la carte offerings., Materials and Methods: School district nutrition managers were engaged at the start of this project. Health department dietitians developed criteria to classify food items as "Lower Fat and less added Sugar" (LFS) and "Higher Fat and more added Sugar" (HFS) based on the percentage of calories from fat and grams of added sugar. Lunch production sheets were obtained for two time periods, food items and the number of planned servings recorded. LFS and HFS planned servings were summed for each time period, and a LFS to HFS ratio calculated by dividing LFS planned servings by HFS planned servings. Additional analyses included calculating LFS: HFS ratios by school district, and for a la carte offerings., Results: In 2009, the LFS: HFS ratio was 2.08, in 2011, 3.71 (P<0.0001). The method also detected changes in ratios at the school district level. For a la carte items, in 2009 the ratio of LFS: HFS was 0.53, and in 2011, 0.61 (not statistically significant)., Conclusions: This method detected an increase in the LFS: HFS ratio over time and demonstrated that the school districts improved access to healthful food/drink by changing the contents of reimbursable school lunches. The evaluation method discussed here can generate information that districts can use in helping sustain and expand their efforts to create healthier environments for children and adults. Although federal regulations now cover all food and beverages served during the school day, there are still opportunities to improve and measure changes in food served in other settings such as child care centers, youth correction facilities, or in schools not participating in the National School Lunch Program.

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, so called "Ormond's disease" belongs to rare inflammatory processes of unknown etiology. As a result of this disease fibrotic masses causing compression of the ureters, vessels and alimentary canal appear in the retroperitoneal space. In this study we describe the case of 59 years old man. Diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomography of abdominal cavity. Patient was treated with corticosteroids, endoxan. Good course of disease was observed.

Unlabelled: THE AIM AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the intensity and frequency of eye movement abnormalities measured with infrared reflectometry, and working memory disturbances assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The study was performed in 87 patients with bipolar affective illness, in 119 patients with schizophrenia and in 90 healthy persons. In patients, the assessment was done during a mild symptomatic period or in remission., Results: In patients with bipolar affective illness significant disturbances of eye movement and working memory compared with healthy subjects were found. Frequency and intensity of fixation abnormalities was less intense compared to schizophrenic patients, while smooth pursuit abnormalities had a similar degree. Working memory disturbances in bipolar patients were, as to the ability of formulation of logical conception, of similar degree as in schizophrenia. On the other hand, as to the effectiveness of thinking, no difference compared with healthy controls was found., Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that eye movement and working memory disturbances may constitute neurophysiological and neuropsychological endophenotypic markers of bipolar affective illness what makes possible using them in molecular genetic studies of this illness.

The paper presents a case of Hodgkin disease with unspecific skin changes as the early manifestation of this disease, incomplete clinical picture which with the rapidly deteriorating patient's general condition clearly illustrates the differential diagnostic problems connected with the disease. The problem is also discussed of chemotherapy introduction in severe clinical condition and impossibility of obtaining of a histological proof. Specific and unspecific skin changes which may appear in the course of Hodgkin disease are shortly discussed.