Search

The mesostructured silica SBA-15, γ-Al2O3, and amorphous silica-alumina are modified with Ni(acac)2 in the liquid and gas phases. This process depends crucially on the nature of active sites on the support surface. In the modification of materials containing weakly acidic or weakly basic hydroxyl groups, it is necessary to use low-polarity solvents. The dominant Ni(acac)2 chemisorption sites on amorphous silica-alumina are the acid hydroxyls of ≡Si-OH-Al= bridges. The covalent bonding resulting from the replacement of the acetylacetonate ligand favors the fixation of the adsorbed complex on the support surface. The coordinatively unsaturated sites formed by Al3+ ions play an insignificant role in Ni(acac)2 chemisorption. The degree of dispersion of the oxide phase in the resulting catalysts depends strongly on the strength of the interaction between the modifier molecules and the active sites of the support. This is not the case with the aluminum acetylacetonate complexes that form upon the modification of the Al-containing supports. Gas-phase modification affords finer NiO particles than liquid-phase modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of extraction of humic substances from aqueous solutions in a photocatalytic membrane reactor is studied. It is established that, under optimum conditions, humic substances are removed almost completely. The effect of different grades and concentrations of the catalyst (TiO2), the oxidant, UV irradiation time, and the pH value of the solution on the degree of purification is investigated. The possibility of using sunlight as the source of radiation in the process of photocatalytic purification is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we show the dependence of the unicellular biosensor S.ambigua lifespan on the water D/H isotopic composition. This dependence is bell-shaped with descents both in case of deficiency or excess of deuterium in water. The influence of the water D/H isotopic composition on the cell culture proliferative potential and colony forming efficiency in vitro was tested on the human dermal fibroblasts. We observed that the deuterium depleted water stimulates cell colony formation at the early passages. The dynamics of the cell doubling index in the deuterium depleted water-based growth medium showed higher proliferation potential compared to the water with normal isotopic composition. Using scratch assay, we have also studied the impact of the growth medium D/H isotopic composition on the cell motility of human cancer cell lines A549 and HT29. We have shown that the deuterium depleted water considerably suppressed cancer cell lines amoeboid movement in vitro., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers in Prussian carp Carassius gibelio laboratory-exposed to water from polluted Ukrainian rivers in order to evaluate their usefulness as endpoints in a short-term bioassay for toxicity testing of freshwaters. The micronucleus (MN) test and the frequency of cells with double nuclei (DN) in erythrocytes and gill cells were used as indicators of chromosome aberrations and abnormalities in cell divisions, respectively. Cellular antioxidant defenses i.e. antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, total glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and oxidative damage, i.e. lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in the fish liver were used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Exposure to the polluted river water samples for 96 h resulted in significantly increased MN and DN frequencies, limited increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and no changes in lipid peroxidation. Results suggest that MN and DN frequencies in C gibelio are useful endpoints in a short-term bioassay for genotoxicity testing of environmental water samples in contrast to the oxidative stress biomarkers applied that showed low potential for assessing sublethal effects after a 96 h exposure., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The paper presents a kinetic model developed for ozone dissolution in water and taking into account convective and diffusion processes occurring in the vicinity of floating bubbles that contain an ozone-air mixture. It was shown that the gradient of ozone concentration in a convective-diffusion layer and consequently the rate of ozone transfer from bubbles to the solution depended on the rate of ozone decomposition both in its reaction with organic admixtures and in the conditions of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The obtained kinetic curves of destruction of organic compounds and changes of ozone concentration in water and ozone-air mixture are compared with experimental data for humic acids. The paper also analyzes additional factors affecting the kinetics of ozone dissolution and the rate of resultant reactions.