1,003 results on '"Freitas, Paula"'
Search Results
652. Prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees: an electronic survey.
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de Jezus, Sonia Vivian, Martins Sales, Carolina Maia, das Dores Rissino, Silvia, Salvador Mocelin, Helaine Jacinta, da Silva Araújo, Mariana Pereira, Alexandre Arcêncio, Ricardo, Silva Araújo, Vania Maria, de Faria Marcos Terena, Nahari, de Souza Silva Freitas, Paula, and Noia Maciel, Ethel Leonor
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TUBERCULOSIS epidemiology , *NOMADS , *COVID-19 , *CHRONIC diseases , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *CROSS-sectional method , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *SURVEYS , *REFUGEES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis, coronavirus, chronic conditions and vulnerabilities among migrants and refugees in Brazil. Method: this is a cross-sectional study of the electronic survey type conducted with international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis, with calculation of position and dispersion measures. Regarding the categorical variables, relative and absolute frequencies were estimated. Results: the study participants were 553 migrants and refugees, verifying 3.07%, 7.2% and 27.3% prevalence of tuberculosis, COVID-19 and chronic conditions, respectively. Among the vulnerabilities, 32% reported unemployment, 37.6% moved to Brazil as a result of the social situation in their countries and 33.6% were living as refugees or sheltered people. Conclusion: tuberculosis, chronic diseases and COVID-19 presented higher prevalence values in migrants and refugees than in the general population. As this is a population group that still has significant difficulty accessing health services and social protection systems, based on diverse evidence, the study will subsidize public policies, Nursing care and the incorporation of new routines in the service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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653. Statin Therapy Among Bariatric Patients: The Impact on Metabolic Outcomes and Diabetes Status.
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Mendonça, Fernando M, Silva, Maria M, Borges-Canha, Marta, Neves, João S, Costa, Cláudia, Cabral, Pedro M., Guerreiro, Vanessa, Lourenço, Rita, Meira, Patrícia, Ferreira, Maria J, Salazar, Daniela, Pedro, Jorge, Varela, Ana, Souto, Selma, Lau, Eva, Freitas, Paula, Carvalho, Davide, and group, CRIO
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STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *GASTRIC bypass , *DISEASE remission , *LDL cholesterol , *WEIGHT loss , *BARIATRIC surgery , *DYSLIPIDEMIA , *MORBID obesity - Abstract
Introduction Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. Among bariatric patients, the influence of this therapy on various metabolic outcomes, such as diabetes status and its remission, is largely unknown. Methods This was a retrospective study of 1710 patients who underwent bariatric surgery at our hospital between January/2010 and June/2017. We compared patients with and without statin therapy at baseline, 12 and 24 months after surgery regarding statin use and its impact on several clinical and analytical parameters. Multiple linear regression was performed, adjusting differences for age, sex, surgery type, antidiabetic drugs at baseline, hypertension at baseline, LDL cholesterol ˃ 130 mg/dL, weight variation one year after surgery, and age of obesity onset. Results The overall prevalence of statin use was 20.2% before, 13.6% 12 months after surgery, and 15.0% 24 months after surgery. There was a larger reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c at 12 and 24 months after surgery among statin-treated patients, with the opposite trend for weight reduction and BMI. Statin-treated patients with diabetes had lower diabetes remission rates (45.3 vs 68.5%) 12 months after surgery, with the highest reduction in HbA1c (1.3±1.3 vs −1.1±1.2%; p=0.042), fasting glucose (−40.8±48.8 vs −30.9±41.6 mg/dL; p=0.028), and insulin (−21.7±28.2 vs −13.4±14.2 mIU/L; p=0.039). The proportion of new-onset cases of diabetes was equal between statin-treated vs non-treated individuals at 12 months (1.9%) and 24 months (1.0%) after surgery. Conclusion Bariatric surgery seems to lead to diabetes remission more frequently in patients not treated with statins. A larger reduction was observed in fasting glucose and HbA1c among statin-treated patients. Statin did not contribute to an increased proportion of new-onset diabetes after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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654. Oral glucose tolerance testing at 1 h and 2 h: relationship with glucose and cardiometabolic parameters and agreement for pre-diabetes diagnosis in patients with morbid obesity.
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Guerreiro, Vanessa, Maia, Isabel, Neves, João Sérgio, Salazar, Daniela, Ferreira, Maria João, Mendonça, Fernando, Silva, Maria Manuel, Borges-Canha, Marta, Viana, Sara, Costa, Cláudia, Pedro, Jorge, Varela, Ana, Lau, Eva, Freitas, Paula, and Carvalho, Davide
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MORBID obesity , *GLUCOSE tolerance tests , *BLOOD sugar , *PREDIABETIC state , *GLUCOSE , *DIAGNOSIS of diabetes - Abstract
Background: One hour plasma glucose concentration (1hPG) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may be an alternative to 2-h plasma glucose concentration (2hPG) in the identification of individuals at increased risk of hyperglycaemia, although its role is not fully understood. Aim: We aim to investigate the relationship of these measures with other glucose parameters, as well as their relationship with cardiometabolic risk markers and the level of agreement for prediabetes mellitus diagnosis, in a sample of patients with morbid obesity. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 656 patients with morbid obesity without diagnosed diabetes. To define prediabetes with 2hPG, 2022 American Diabetes Association guidelines criteria were used, while for 1hPG, glucose ≥ 155 mg/dL was considered. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to assess the agreement between both measures of prediabetes mellitus diagnosis. Results: A Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.405 (p < 0.001) was obtained. The 1hPG were positively correlated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ρ = 0.281, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (ρ = 0.581, p < 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (Hb1AC) (ρ = 0.347, p < 0.001) and were negatively correlated with homeostatic model assessment for cell-β function (HOMA-β) (ρ = −0.092, p = 0.018). 2hPG were also correlated with the same parameters, except for HOMA-β. Conclusion: A fair agreement between 1 and 2hPG was verified. 1hPG criteria may be a useful indicator of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity without diabetes diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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655. The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Bone Health: State of the Art and New Recognized Links.
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Mendonça, Fernando, Soares, Raquel, Carvalho, Davide, and Freitas, Paula
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BARIATRIC surgery , *BONE surgery , *GASTRIC bypass , *SLEEVE gastrectomy , *MORBID obesity , *BONE metabolism - Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which improves several comorbidities (such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others) and results in marked weight loss. Despite these consensual beneficial effects, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (the two main bariatric techniques) have also been associated with changes in bone metabolism and progressive bone loss. The objective of this literature review is to examine the impact of bariatric surgery on bone and its main metabolic links, and to analyze the latest findings regarding the risk of fracture among patients submitted to bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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656. Local action plan to promote access to the health system by indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group in Manaus, Brazil: Analysis of the plan´s development, experiences, and impact through a mixed-methods study (2020).
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de Jezus, Sonia Vivian, Ilha da Silva, Adriana, Alexandre Arcêncio, Ricardo, de Faria Marcos Terena, Nahari, dos Santos Pinheiro, Jair, Souza Sacramento, Daniel, de Souza Silva Freitas, Paula, Carminati Siqueira, Priscila, Mocelin, Helaine Jacinta Salvador, Maria Silva Araújo, Vania, da Silva Lima, Rogério, Nascimento do Prado, Thiago, Maia Martins Sales, Carolina, and Noia Maciel, Ethel Leonor
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VENEZUELANS , *MEDICAL personnel , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Background: The provision of care and monitoring of health are essential for indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group, who are at risk of decimation. Objective: Analyze a Local Action Plan (LAP) to promote access to the health system of indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group (IVWEG) in Manaus, Brazil. Method: A mixed-methods study was performed. Quantitative data were collected to assess the provision of care and monitoring of health conditions in IVWEG through a survey that was self-completed by healthcare providers. Qualitative narrative data were collected to gain insight into IVWEG that seek care. We applied descriptive statistics, grouping analysis (GA) by hierarchical levels, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: 106 healthcare providers participated in the study, with the following characteristics: 94 (88.7%) females, 67 (63.2%) pardo race/color, 40 (37.7%) working in primary healthcare, and 49 (46.2%) nurses. In addition, 43 (40.6%) of the healthcare providers reported providing care to IVWEG. Among the providers, 89 (84%) had received training for assisting IVWEG. Additionally, 30 IVWEG were enrolled for interviews in the qualitative phase. The barriers to seeking care were language, distance to health units, and lack of money for transportation. The LAP proved to facilitate access to the health system by indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group in Manaus. The study contributed to knowledge on a LAP addressed to IVWEG and helped improved their access to the health system, providing appropriate training for healthcare providers and other relevant actors by implementing a coherent and consistent public health policy at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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657. Adequate magnesium level as an associated factor of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus remission in patients with obesity submitted to bariatric surgery.
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Guerreiro, Vanessa, Maia, Isabel, Neves, João Sérgio, Salazar, Daniela, Ferreira, Maria João, Mendonça, Fernando, Silva, Maria Manuel, Viana, Sara, Costa, Cláudia, Pedro, Jorge, Varela, Ana, Lau, Eva, Freitas, Paula, and Carvalho, Davide
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MAGNESIUM , *DISEASE remission , *DIABETES , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *BARIATRIC surgery - Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, the evidence on the influence of preoperative serum magnesium levels on this reversal is scarce. To study the influence of preoperative serum magnesium levels on the pre-T2DM and T2DM remission one year after BS. Retrospective study carried out among 1656 patients with obesity who underwent BS in the Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João. T2DM and pre-T2DM remission were defined as being normal glycaemic measures of at least one year's after BS and without pharmacological therapy. To assess the association between preoperative serum magnesium levels and pre- and T2DM remission, logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age and body mass index were computed. Patients with normoglycaemia presented hypomagnesaemia less often than those patients with pre-T2DM and T2DM (17.0% vs. 21.3% vs. 39.9%) (p < 0.001). One year after BS, 62.9% of patients with pre-T2DM or T2DM before BS showed remission. Adequate magnesium levels were positively associated with T2DM and pre-T2DM remission, one year after BS (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.34–2.38), independently of sex, age, and body mass index. Adequate preoperative serum magnesium levels showed to be an important clinical parameter for pre-T2DM and T2DM remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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658. Gut microbiota changes after metabolic surgery in adult diabetic patients with mild obesity: a randomised controlled trial.
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Lau, Eva, Belda, Eugeni, Picq, Paul, Carvalho, Davide, Ferreira-Magalhães, Manuel, Silva, Maria Manuel, Barroso, Isaac, Correia, Flora, Vaz, Cidália Pina, Miranda, Isabel, Barbosa, Adelino, Clément, Karine, Doré, Joel, Freitas, Paula, and Prifti, Edi
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GUT microbiome , *OBESITY , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *ADULTS , *PEOPLE with diabetes , *OVERWEIGHT children - Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of obesity, also improving metabolic and inflammatory status, in patients with mild obesity. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood, but gut microbiota is hypothesized to play a key role. Our aim was to evaluate the association between gut microbiota changes and anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory profiles after metabolic surgery compared with medical therapy, in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) adults with mild obesity (BMI 30–35 kg/m2). Methods: DM2 was an open-label, randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT: ISRCTN53984585) with 2 arms: (i) surgical, and (ii) medical. The main outcome was gut microbiota changes after: metabolic surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass—RYGB) versus standard medical therapy. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Clinical visits, blood workup, and stool samples were collected at baseline and months (M)1, 3, 6, 12. Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA targeted sequencing. Results: Twenty patients were included: 10 in surgical and 10 in medical arm. Anthropometric and metabolic comparative analysis favoured RYGB over medical arm. At M12, the percentage of weight loss was 25.5 vs. 4.9% (p < 0.001) and HbA1c was 6.2 vs. 7.7% (p < 0.001) respectively. We observed a continuous increase of genus richness after RYGB up until M12. In the medical arm, genus richness ended-up being significantly lower at M12. Composition analysis indicated significant changes of the overall microbial ecosystem (permanova p = 0.004, [R2 = 0.17]) during the follow-up period after RYGB. There was a strong association between improvement of anthropometric/metabolic/inflammatory biomarkers and increase in microbial richness and Proteobacterial lineages. Conclusions: This was the first RCT studying composite clinical, analytic, and microbiome changes in T2DM patients with class 1 obesity after RYGB versus standard medical therapy. The remarkable phenotypic improvement after surgery occurred concomitantly with changes in the gut microbiome, but at a lower level. Trial registration: ISRCTN53984585 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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659. Mixed medullary—papillary thyroid carcinoma with mixed lymph node metastases: A case report.
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Guerreiro, Vanessa, Costa, Cláudia, Oliveira, Joana, Santos, Ana Paula, Farinha, Mónica, Jácome, Manuel, Freitas, Paula, Carvalho, Davide, and Torres, Isabel
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LYMPHATIC metastasis , *PAPILLARY carcinoma , *THYROID cancer , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Mixed medullary‐follicular‐derived carcinoma is a very rare event. It is extremely important to make the correct diagnosis, due to prognostic and treatment implications. A genetic study of these patients is advisable to exclude the presence of MEN 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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660. Cushing's syndrome: Consequences of late diagnosis after bariatric surgery.
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Pedro, Jorge, Belo, Sandra, Guerreiro, Vanessa, Ferreira, Maria João, Salazar, Daniela, Costa, Cláudia, Esteves, César, Pereira, Josué, Freitas, Paula, and Carvalho, Davide
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CUSHING'S syndrome , *BARIATRIC surgery , *GASTRIC banding , *DELAYED diagnosis - Abstract
Prior to bariatric surgery, endocrine causes of obesity must be excluded. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in a male requires the study of secondary causes of this condition. The diagnostic delay of Cushing's syndrome may have irreversible consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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661. Acromegaly with congenital generalized lipodystrophy - two rare insulin resistance conditions in one patient: a case report.
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Guerreiro, Vanessa, Bernardes, Irene, Pereira, Josué, Silva, Roberto Pestana, Fernandes, Susana, Carvalho, Davide, and Freitas, Paula
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LIPODYSTROPHY , *ACROMEGALY , *SOMATOTROPIN , *INSULIN resistance , *ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC hormone , *GLUCOSE tolerance tests - Abstract
Background: Lipodystrophies are a group of diseases which are characterized by abnormal adipose tissue deposition and are frequently associated with metabolic changes. Congenital generalized lipodystrophy is an autosomal recessive syndrome, with a prevalence < 1:10 million. Acromegaly is a rare disease, secondary to the chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1, with characteristic metabolic and somatic effects. "Acromegaloidism" is a term used for patients who manifest clinical features of acromegaly, but do not present a demonstrable hormone growth hypersecretion. The extreme shortage of subcutaneous adipose tissues and muscle hypertrophy confer an acromegaloid-like appearance in these patients.Case Presentation: We describe a case of a patient with the rare combination of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy and acromegaly; our patient is a 63-year-old white man, who was referred to an endocrinology consultation for suspected lipodystrophy. He had lipoatrophy of upper and lower limbs, trunk, and buttocks, with muscular prominence, acromegaloid facial appearance, large extremities, and soft tissue tumescence. In addition, he had dyslipidemia and prediabetes. His fat mass ratio (% trunk fat mass/% lower limbs fat mass) was 1.02 by densitometry and he also had hepatomegaly, with mild steatosis (from an abdominal ultrasound), and left ventricular hypertrophy (from an electrocardiogram). His first oral glucose tolerance test had growth hormone nadir of 0.92 ng/mL, and the second test, 10 months afterwards, registered growth hormone nadir of 0.64 ng/mL (growth hormone nadir < 0.3 ng/mL excludes acromegaly). Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging identified an area of hypocaptation of contrast product in relation to a pituitary adenoma and he was subsequently submitted to transsphenoidal surgical resection of the mass. A pathological evaluation showed pituitary adenoma with extensive expression of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone, as well as a rare expression of follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin. A genetic study revealed an exon 3/exon 4 deletion of the AGPAT2 gene in homozygosity.Conclusions: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy is a rare disease which occurs with acromegaloid features. As far as we know, we have described the first case of genetic lipodystrophy associated with true acromegaly. Although this is a rare association, the presence of congenital generalized lipodystrophy should not exclude the possibility of simultaneous acromegaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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662. Family dynamics in transthyretin‐related familial amyloid polyneuropathy Val30Met: Does genetic risk affect family functioning?.
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Lopes, Alice, Rodrigues, Carla, Fonseca, Isabel, Sousa, Alexandra, Branco, Margarida, Coelho, Teresa, Sequeiros, Jorge, and Freitas, Paula
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POLYNEUROPATHIES , *TRANSTHYRETIN , *FAMILY relations , *GENETIC disorders , *AMYLOIDOSIS , *MULTIPLE sclerosis - Abstract
Adult‐onset, chronic, genetic diseases like transthyretin‐related familial amyloid polyneuropathy Val30Met (TTR‐FAP Val30Met), have a major psychosocial impact not only on patients, but also on families. Genetic risk may therefore be an increased factor in psychosocial impact of the disease on these families' functioning. To evaluate impact of genetic risk, a study was conducted to perceive the impact of the illness on families' functioning. Groups of TTR‐FAP Val30Met patients, pre‐symptomatic carriers, partners and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a non‐hereditary disease, were studied. Sample included 190 adults: 87 patients and 28 pre‐symptomatic carriers for TTR‐FAP Val30Met, 41 partners and 34 patients with MS. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale IV (FACES IV) and a social‐demographic questionnaire were applied. No significant differences were observed between patients and pre‐symptomatic carriers and both these and their partners regarding cohesion and flexibility. MS patients scored significantly higher in median scores for balanced scales. Satisfaction and communication levels were also lower in patients with TTR‐FAP Val30Met than with MS. Family functioning was perceived as balanced by most TTR‐FAP Val30Met patients and pre‐symptomatic carriers. These families may be considered as mostly healthy. Difficulties in family communication should be taken into account when caring for these families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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663. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: Maternal and fetal outcomes of 39 pregnancies and a literature review.
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Souteiro, Pedro, Neves, João S., Queirós, Joana, Costa, Maria Manuel, Belo, Sandra, Magalhães, Daniela, Silva, Rita B., Oliveira, Sofia C., Freitas, Paula, Varela, Ana, and Carvalho, Davide
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CESAREAN section , *GESTATIONAL diabetes , *GESTATIONAL age , *HEALTH care teams , *PREMATURE infants , *INTENSIVE care units , *IRON deficiency anemia , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MISCARRIAGE , *MULTIPLE pregnancy , *BARIATRIC surgery , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *PREGNANCY , *PREGNANCY complications , *TIME , *VITAMIN B12 deficiency , *VITAMIN D deficiency , *BODY mass index , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *FETAL macrosomia - Abstract
Abstract: Aim: We aimed to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 39 pregnant women who underwent BS in our institution between 2010 and 2014 was carried out. A sample of women who became pregnant after BS was evaluated, based on data concerning pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns. Results: Of the 1182 patients who underwent BS at our institution during the study period, 1016 (85.9%) were women. Thirty‐nine of these women (with an average age of 31 ± 4.8 years) became pregnant (one twin pregnancy) and 29 of the 39 had undergone a gastric bypass. The mean time interval between BS and pregnancy was 16.6 ± 4.8 months; however, 16 (41%) women became pregnant less than a year after BS. The pre‐BS body mass index (BMI) of the 39 women was 44.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2. The women had a mean BMI of 30.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 when they got pregnant and they gained 13.2 ± 7.3 kg during pregnancy. Iron deficiency was observed in 18 (46.1%) women, 16 (45.7%) had vitamin B12 deficiency, 12 (66.8%) had zinc deficiency, and 20 (60.6%) had vitamin D deficiency. Three women developed gestational diabetes mellitus. Premature rupture of membranes occurred in two pregnancies, preterm delivery in five, and there was one spontaneous abortion. Cesarean section was performed in seven cases. The average newborn weight was 3002 ± 587 g, five were small for gestational age, and one had macrosomia. Three infants had to be admitted to an intensive care unit. Conclusion: Although pregnancy after BS is safe and well tolerated, close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team is required to evaluate complications resulting from BS, especially a deficit of micronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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664. Psychopathological dimensions in subjects with hereditary ATTR V30M amyloidosis and their relation with life events due to the disease.
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Lopes, Alice, Fonseca, Isabel, Sousa, Alexandra, Rodrigues, Carla, Branco, Margarida, Coelho, Teresa, Sequeiros, Jorge, and Freitas, Paula
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AMYLOIDOSIS , *CHRONIC diseases , *ANXIETY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Background: Chronic physical illness has been associated with emotional distress. Chronic diseases may change usual family patterns with economic, social and family losses. Hereditary ATTR V30M amyloidosis is a rare, fatal inherited systemic amyloidosis, with chronic evolution and beginning in adulthood.Aims and methods: To evaluate psychopathological dimensions and how they correlated with disease-related life events, 209 symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers, participated in the study. Sociodemographic andFamily and Personal History Disease questionnaires and brief symptom inventory (BSI) were applied.Results: BSI indices, global severity index (GSI), positive symptom index (PSI) and positive symptom total (PST) scored higher than general population. Independent predictors for GSI >0.83 were female sex (OR = 3.46,p = .005) and being symptomatic carriers (OR = 3.03,p = .039). Independent predictors of a PST >26.99 were female sex (OR = 3.74,p = .012) symptomatic carrier (OR = 5.32,p = .025), age between 15 and 24 years at affected parent’s death (OR = 5.26,p = .04). Independent predictors of a PSI >1.56 were being asymptomatic carrier (OR = 6.3,p = .036); to have children (OR = 3.19,p = .043) and have ≤14 years at parent’s disease onset (OR = 6.39,p = .05).Conclusions: Results point to an important vulnerability of this population for psychological distress and psychiatric disease. Early life events related to disease, being sick and sex are associated with psychopathological distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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665. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Correlated with Low Cognitive Function among Older Adults Across Europe Based on The SHARE Database.
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Lourenco, Joana, Serrano, Antonio, Santos-Silva, Alice, Gomes, Marcos, Afonso, Claudia, Freitas, Paula, Paul, Constanca, and Costa, Elisio
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CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *DEMENTIA , *COGNITION disorders , *DISEASE prevalence , *LIFE expectancy - Abstract
Increased life expectancy is associated with a high prevalence of chronic, non-communicable diseases including cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment using three cognitive abilities (verbal fluency, numeracy and perceived memory) and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in seniors across Europe. Data from participants in wave 4 of the SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database was used. Cognitive performance in perceived memory, verbal fluency and numeracy was evaluated using simple tests and a memory complaints questionnaire. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were also studied for potential associations. Standardised prevalence rates of cognitive impairment based on age and gender were calculated by country. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 28.02% for perceived memory, 27.89% for verbal fluency and 20.75% for numeracy throughout the 16 evaluated countries. Years of education, being a current or former smoker, number of chronic diseases, diabetes or hyperglycemia, heart attack and stroke were all independent variables associated with impairment in the three studied cognitive abilities. We also found independent associations between physical inactivity and verbal fluency and numeracy impairment, as well as hypertension and perceived memory impairment. Lower performance in the evaluated cognitive abilities and higher memory complaints are highly prevalent, have a heterogeneous distribution across Europe, and are associated with multiple factors, most of which are potentially preventable or treatable, especially cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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666. Visceral adipose tissue and carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected patients undergoing cART: a prospective cohort study.
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Beires, Maria Teresa, Silva-Pinto, André, Santos, Ana Cristina, Madureira, António José, Pereira, Jorge, Carvalho, Davide, Sarmento, António, and Freitas, Paula
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ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *CAROTID artery , *DUAL-energy X-ray absorptiometry , *COMPUTED tomography , *CHI-squared test , *ANTI-HIV agents , *ADIPOSE tissues , *ATHEROSCLEROSIS , *BODY composition , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *COMPARATIVE studies , *HIV infections , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *EVALUATION research , *LIPODYSTROPHY , *PHOTON absorptiometry , *CAROTID intima-media thickness - Abstract
Background: Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected patients has been associated with lipodystrophy, metabolic abnormalities, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Ultrasound measures of carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) have been used as a valid measure of subclinical atherosclerosis and as a tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular events. Our aim was to evaluate the progression of cIMT in HIV-infected patients subjected to cART, with and without lipodystrophy, over a one-year period.Methods: We performed a one-year prospective cohort study to compare changes in cIMT, metabolic and inflammation markers in HIV-infected patients undergoing cART. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Levels of blood pressure, lipids and inflammatory markers were evaluated, as well as ultrasound measures of cIMT. Lipodystrophy defined by Fat Mass Ratio (L-FMR) is measured as the ratio of the percentage of trunk fat mass to the percentage of lower limb fat mass by DXA. Categorical variables were compared, using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Wilcoxon ranks tests and the McNemar chi-square tests were used to compare results of selected variables, from the first to the second year of evaluation. Means of cIMT, adjusted for age, glucose, triglycerides levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and waist to hip ratio were calculated, using generalised linear models for repeated measures.Results: L-FMR was present in 44.3% of patients, and the mean of cIMT increased significantly in this group [0.82 (0.26) vs 0.92 (0.33); p = 0.037], as well as in patients without lipodystrophy [0.73 (0.20) vs 0.84 (0.30); p = 0.012]. In the overall sample, the progression of cIMT was statistically significant after the adjustment for age, glucose, triglycerides, and SBP, but the significance of the progression ceased after the adjustment for waist/hip ratio [0.770 (0.737-0.803) vs 0.874 (0.815-0.933); p = 0.514].Conclusions: Carotid IMT progressed significantly in both groups of this HIV-infected cohort, however no association between the progression of cIMT and the presence of lipodystrophy defined by FMR was found. Visceral adipose tissue had an impact on the increment of cIMT, both in patients with, and without lipodystrophy defined by FMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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667. La influencia del trasplante de hígado en el perfil nutricional de pacientes cirróticos graves
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Torralvo, Francisco José Sánchez, Porras, Nuria, Fernández, José Abuín, Torres, Francisca García, Tapia, María José, Lima, Fuensanta, Soriguer, Federico, Gonzalo, Montserrat, Martínez, Gemma Rojo, Olveira, Gabriel, Sánchez Torralvo, Francisco José, Abuín Fernández, José, García Torres, Francisca, Rojo Martínez, Gemma, Andrade, Caroline Pinho R, Portugal, Mileda L T, Paz, Ellén De Sousa, Freitas, Paula A, Daltro, Ana Filomena C S, and Almondes, Kaluce G S
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GRIP strength , *REFERENCE values , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *DYNAMOMETER , *LEAN body mass , *SKINFOLD thickness , *LIVER transplantation , *INGESTION , *CIRRHOSIS of the liver , *NUTRITIONAL assessment , *NUTRITIONAL status , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of liver transplantation in food intake and nutritional status of severe cirrhotic patients.Methods: The sample consisted of 23 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Three 24-hour dietary recall were applied and anthropometric measurements were collected before and three months after transplantation. The consumption of macronutrients and fat soluble vitamins were also evaluated. The anthropometric data evaluated were body mass index, abdominal circumference, percentage of adequacy of arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference. Related mean comparison tests, comparison of changes in the proportions of categorical variables and correlation of quantitative variables were used in the statistical analysis. Data were considered to be significant when p < 0.05.Results: Most patients were female and aged between 40 and 65 years. The average consumption of calories, proteins, lipids, cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher after liver transplantation (p < 0.05). The average of anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between the evaluated times. There was no significant change in nutrient intake or anthropometric classification after transplantation. Most patients were classified as malnourished or overweight after transplantation, according to some anthropometric parameters.Conclusion: Food consumption changed after transplantation. There was no change in the nutritional status from pre- to post-transplant but, in general, most patients had altered nutritional status in both evaluation moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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668. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues - an efficient therapeutic option for the severe insulin resistance of lipodystrophic syndromes: two case reports.
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Oliveira, Joana, Lau, Eva, Carvalho, Davide, and Freitas, Paula
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LIPODYSTROPHY , *GLUCAGON-like peptide 1 , *INSULIN resistance , *GLYCEMIC control , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Lipodystrophic syndromes are uncommon medical conditions which are normally associated with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease. These complications are generally difficult to treat, particularly diabetes, due to severe insulin resistance. We present two case reports of successful treatment of diabetes with glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues in patients with clinical features of lipodystrophic syndromes.Case Presentation: Two white women aged 49 and 60 years manifested marked central body fat deposition with severe lipoatrophy of their limbs and buttocks and pronounced acanthosis nigricans. They had hypertension, dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease, and poorly controlled diabetes (glycated hemoglobin 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively) despite the use of three classes of oral antidiabetic drugs taken in combination in the first case, and high doses of insulin in the second case. Four months after the addition of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue to their previous treatment they both showed a pronounced improvement in metabolic control (glycated hemoglobin 5.6% and 6.2%, respectively). In the first case, a weight loss of nearly 30 kg was recorded.Conclusions: We intend to demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues could be a valuable tool for patients with lipodystrophic disorders, probably by improving body fat distribution, with favorable results in insulin-sensitivity and glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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669. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders - Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Social Communication Questionnaire.
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Araújo, Manuela, Jorge, Joana Calejo, do Carmo Santos, Maria, Vilhena, Estela, Oliveira, Pedro, and Freitas, Paula Pinto
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There are no assessment and screening tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) validated for the Portuguese population. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is an useful screening tool of ASD diagnosis. The main objectives of our study were to produce a Portuguese version of the SCQ (SCQ-PF), study its internal consistency, sensitivity and specificity in order to evaluate its validity as a screening instrument for ASD. We also wanted to study the impact of intellectual disability and verbal impairment and other mental disorders on SCQ-PF psychometric properties. The study included 211 children and adolescents, aged 4–17, divided in three groups: ASD Group (n = 96), Other Mental Disorders Group (OMD) (n = 63) and No Mental Disorders (NMD) Group (n = 52). Parents or other primary caregiver provided information on the SCQ items. The SCQ-PF score was significantly higher in the ASD group than in the other groups (p < 0.001). As to internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was 87%. ASD subjects were distinguished from subjects without ASD (OMD and NMD Groups) and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.897 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.852–0.943), for a cutoff of 14, which yielded the highest AUC, with values of sensitivity and specificity 0.76 and 0.93, respectively. These findings show that SCQ- PF with a cutoff of 14 is an acceptable and useful screening tool for ASD in the Portuguese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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670. Entre percepções e reflexões : um diálogo sobre linguagem e experiências no ensino-aprendizagem de japonês
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Patrocínio, Fabiana Cristina Ramos, 1982, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, and Freitas, Paula Garcia de, 1980
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Lingua japonesa ,Linguistica aplicada ,Linguagem e línguas - Estudo e ensino ,Letras - Abstract
Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Paula Garcia de Freitas Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 27/05/2022 Inclui referências: p. 106-113 Resumo: O presente trabalho se propôs a discutir e compreender como ideologias linguísticas atravessaram as narrativas de estudantes de língua japonesa em um curso de extensão universitária na Universidade Federal do Paraná. O curso foi realizado com o propósito de promover discussões e reflexões sobre a linguagem, podendo ser coletados dados para análise através de um modelo qualitativo de base interpretativista. A partir das discussões promovidas pelas temáticas propostas, os estudantes puderam colocar suas percepções sobre linguagem e narrar suas vivências no ensino-aprendizagem de língua japonesa. A partir dessas narrativas, foi possível identificar as ideologias linguísticas predominantes e compreender como essas ideologias constituem a concepção de linguagem desses estudantes, possibilitando a análise sobre como práticas pedagógicas e materiais didáticos padronizadores não correspondem às demandas e as realidades dos estudantes, propondo reflexões sobre um ensino que seja preocupado com as necessidades dos alunos e responsivo aos seus contextos. Guiado sob a perspectiva de uma Linguística Aplicada preocupada com questões sociais e com a promoção da pluralidade e o respeito à diversidade dentro do ensino, este estudo também teve como objetivo compreender como ideologias raciolinguísticas atravessam as narrativas desses estudantes e os impactos em suas experiências e percepções criados por essas ideologias. Por meio dessas narrativas a pesquisa pode trazer reflexões sobre o ensino de japonês que vão na direção de um ensino que seja situado e localizado, mas que esteja atento às interações globais e multimodais nos quais a sociedade atual está inserida. O estudo é situado e localizado e entende que não pode ser generalizado para todos os contextos de estudo de língua japonesa. Abstract: The present work aims to discuss and understand how linguistic ideologies crossed the narratives of Japanese language students in a university extension course at the Federal University of Paraná. The event aimed to promote discussions and reflections about language, and data could be collected for analysis through a qualitative model with an interpretative basis. From the interlocutions established by the proposed themes, the students could express their perceptions about language and narrate their experiences in Japanese language teachinglearning. Based on these narratives, it was possible to identify the predominant linguistic ideologies and understand how these ideologies constitute the students' conception of language. Also, allowing the analysis of how standardizing pedagogical practices and didactic materials do not correspond to the students' demands and realities, proposing reflections about teaching that are concerned with the students' needs and responsive to their contexts. Guided under the perspective of Applied Linguistics, concerned with social issues and the promotion of plurality and respect for diversity within education, this study also aimed to understand how raciolinguistic ideologies cross through the narratives of these students and the impacts on their experiences and perceptions created by these ideologies. Through these narratives, the research brings forward reflections on the teaching of Japanese that move in the direction of teaching practices that are situated and localized but are attentive to the global and multimodal interactions in today's society. The study is positioned and localized and understands that it cannot be generalized to all contexts of Japanese language study.
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- 2022
671. Food-related Thought Suppression: Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Food Thought Suppression Inventory (FTSI) scale for the Portuguese population
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Ferreira, Juliana da Silva and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
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Eating psychopathology ,Supressão Cognitiva ,Food Thought Suppression Inventory (FTSI) ,Cognitive Suppression ,Propriedades Psicométricas ,Psicopatologia alimentar ,Análise fatorial confirmatória ,Confirmatory Factor Analysis ,Psychometric Properties - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação Compreender com precisão a relação entre a supressão de pensamentos e os comportamentos alimentares perturbados revela-se extremamente pertinente e necessário. O objetivo do presente estudo visou analisar a dimensionalidade da medida Food Thought Supression Inventory (FTSI; Barnes, Fisak & Tantleff-Dunn, 2009) numa amostra da população geral portuguesa. Especificamente, pretende traduzir, adaptar e aferir a medida de forma a avaliar e testar com mais precisão a relação entre a supressão de pensamentos relacionados com a comida e a patologia alimentar. O estudo foca-se na análise da estrutura fatorial da medida de autorresposta, das suas características psicométricas e da validade convergente.Material e métodos: 299 participantes da população geral foram recrutadas através de um formato online, em que 202 (67,6%) são do género feminino e 97 (32,4%) são do género masculino. Os instrumentos de medida utilizados foram o FTSI (Food Thought Suppression Inventory), o EDE-Q (Questionário de exame da perturbação alimentar) a SELFCS (Escala de Autocompaixão), o CFQ-BI (Questionário de Fusão Cognitiva – Imagem Corporal) e o BI-AAQ (Questionário de Aceitação e Ação da Imagem Corporal).Resultados: A AFC apoiou um modelo unifatorial. A versão portuguesa do Food Thought Suppression Inventory apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, com consistência interna muito boa (α=.929) e boa validade convergente e incremental. Este estudo mostrou ainda que a supressão e o evitamento experiencial em relação à imagem corporal contribuem para os comportamentos alimentares perturbados. Conclusão: A versão portuguesa do Food Thought Suppression Inventory mostrou ser uma escala fiável e válida para a população portuguesa na medição da supressão cognitiva relacionada com pensamentos sobre a alimentação. Accurately understanding the relationship between thought suppression and disturbed eating behaviors is extremely pertinent and necessary. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensionality of the Food Thought Supression Inventory (FTSI; Barnes, Fisak & Tantleff-Dunn, 2009) measure in a sample of the general Portuguese population. Specifically, it intends to translate, adapt and measure the measure in order to more accurately assess and test the relationship between suppression of thoughts related to food and eating pathology. The study focuses on the analysis of the factor structure of the self-response measure, its psychometric characteristics and its convergent validity.Material and methods: 299 participants from the general population were recruited through an online format, in which 202 (67.6%) are female and 97 (32.4%) are male. The measurement instruments used were FTSI, (Food Thought Suppression Inventory), EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), SELFCS (Self-Compassion Scale), CFQ-BI (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire – Body Image) and BI-AAQ (Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire).Results: AFC supported a one-factor model. The Portuguese version of the Food Thought Suppression Inventory showed good psychometric properties, with very good internal consistency (α=.929), and good convergent and incremental validity. This study also showed that cognitive suppression and experiential avoidance in relation to body image contribute to disturbed eating behaviors. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of Food Thought Suppression Inventory proved to be a reliable and valid scale for the Portuguese population in measuring cognitive suppression associated with thoughts about food.
- Published
- 2021
672. ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER VALIDATION OF THE BRIEF QUALITY OF LIFE IN BIPOLAR DISORDER (BRIEF QOL.BD)
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Roque, Maria Carrilho and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
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Análise Fatorial Confirmatória ,Psychometric Study ,Confirmatory Factor Analysis ,Versão Breve da Qualidade de Vida na Perturbação Bipolar ,Estudo Psicométrico ,Brief Version of Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação A Brief Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (Brief QoL.BD) é uma versão breve do primeiro instrumento de autorresposta que avalia mudanças na qualidade de vida (QV) nas diversas fases da perturbação bipolar (PB), sendo que, em Portugal, não existe medida equivalente.Objetivo: Validar a versão breve da medida de QV para a PB - Brief QoL.BD (consistência interna, validade convergente e divergente, e análise fatorial confirmatória), explorar associações entre a QV e as outras variáveis em estudo, e descrever as diferenças entre as populações em estudo.Material e métodos: 140 adultos saudáveis recrutados da população geral (M = 39,66 ± 10,43, 67,9% ♀; 32,1% ♂) e 110 pessoas com PB (M = 43,81 ± 11,72, 66,4% ♀; 33,6% ♂), avaliadosatravés de entrevista clínica (CIBD; n=73) ou questionário online de autorresposta (MDQ; n=37). Todos preencheram questionários de autorresposta específicos, num formato online: Brief QoL.BD (qualidade de vida), SWLS (satisfação com a vida), EADH (ansiedade e depressão), PANAS (afeto positivo e negativo), OAS2 (vergonha externa) e Impacto percebido da COVID-19.Resultados: A versão portuguesa do Brief QoL.BD apresentou uma consistência interna muito boa tanto na amostra clínica como não clínica (α=.84 e α=.91, respetivamente). A validade convergente foi suportada por correlações positivas significativas com a SWLF e a PANAS PA (r=.45 e r=.52, respetivamente). A validade divergente, foi apoiada por correlações negativas significativas com a PANAS-NA (r= -. 53), HADS-DEP (r=-. 60), HADS-ANX (r=-. 60) e OAS2 (r=-. 45). A análise fatorial confirmatória validou a estrutura original de um fator.Conclusão: A versão portuguesa do Brief QoL.BD (PT-Europeu) mostrou ser uma escala válida e fiável para a população portuguesa com PB, útil na medição do bem-estar para esta condição clínica e para o estudo das diferenças entre este quadro clínico e outros. The Brief Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (Brief QoL.BD) is a short version of the first self report instrument to assess changes in quality of life (QoL) in the different phases of bipolar disorder (BD), whereas in Portugal there is no equivalent measure.Objective: To validate the Brief version of Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder – Brief QoL.BD(internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis), to explore associations between QoL and the other variables under study, and to describe differences between the populations under study.Material and methods: 140 healthy adults recruited from the general population (M = 39.66 ± 10.43, 67.9% ♀; 32.1% ♂) and 110 people with BD (M = 43.81 ± 11.72, 66.4% ♀; 33.6% ♂), assessed through a clinical interview (CIBD; n=73) or an online self-report questionnaire (MDQ; n=37). All filled specific online self-report questionnaires: Brief QoL.BD (quality of life), SWLS (satisfaction with life), EADH (anxiety and depression), PANAS (positive and negative affect), OAS2 (external shame) and Perceived impact of COVID-19.Results: The Portuguese version of the Brief QoL.BD showed very good internal consistency in both the clinical and non-clinical samples (α=.84 and α=.91, respectively). Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations with SWLF and PANAS-PA (r=.45 and r=.52, respectively). The divergent validity was supported by significant negative correlations with PANAS-NA (r= -.53), HADS-DEP (r=-.60), HADS-ANX (r=-.60) and OAS2 (r=-. 45). Confirmatory factor analysis validated the original one-factor structure.Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the Brief QoL.BD (European PT) proved to be a valid and reliable scale for the Portuguese population with BD, useful to measure well-being in this clinical condition and to study its differences from other ones.
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- 2021
673. Preventing Suicidal Ideation: Contributions of Self-Compassion and Emotional Distress Tolerance
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Sena, Gonçalo Amorim and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
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Autocompaixão ,Recall of perceived threat and subordination in childhood ,Emotional Distress Tolerance ,Tolerância Emocional ao Sofrimento ,Experiências de ameaça e subordinação percebida na infância ,Suicidality ,Entrapment ,Self-compassion ,Suicidalidade - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação O risco de suicídio é considerado um problema significativo na saúde pública, em diversas faixas etárias, percorrendo várias culturas. De facto, existe uma variedade de fatores sociais, psicológicos, biológicos, clínicos e culturais que predizem a suicidalidade, como a depressão, o isolamento, a desesperança, entrapment e experiências adversas na infância. Contudo, é importante também perceber que fatores poderão proteger as pessoas de experienciar ideação suicida. Pouco ainda se sabe sobre o contributo da autocompaixão e da tolerância emocional ao sofrimento na prevenção da suicidalidade, apesar de algumas evidências do seu impacto no curso da saúde mental, sugerindo um menor sofrimento psicológico. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar o papel mediador do entrapment na relação entre as experiências de ameaça e subordinação na infância e a suicidalidade moderado pela autocompaixão e tolerância emocional ao sofrimento. Especificamente, hipotetizou-se que a autocompaixão e a tolerância emocional ao sofrimento teriam um papel moderador tanto na relação entre experiências de ameaça e subordinação percebida na infância e suicidalidade, como entre entrapment e suicidalidade. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 398 participantes, em que 228 (57.3%) são do género feminino e 170 (42.7%) do género masculino. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma associação significativa entre todas as variáveis. Além disso, evidenciaram que as componentes autobondade e humanidade comum da autocompaixão moderaram a relação entre o entrapment e a suicidalidade, e que a tolerância emocional ao sofrimento moderou a relação entre experiências de ameaça e subordinação percebida na infância e suicidalidade, quando controlado o efeito da depressão. A autobondade, a humanidade comum e a tolerância emocional ao sofrimento parecem ser variáveis com potencial protetor na prevenção da suicidalidade. Suicide risk is considered a major health problem, regardless of age and across cultures. In fact, there is a variety of social, psychological, biological, clinical, and cultural factors that predict suicidality, such as depression, isolation, hopelessness, entrapment, and adverse early life experiences. However, it is also important to understand which factors may protect people from experiencing suicidal ideation. Little is known about the contribution of self-compassion and distress tolerance in preventing suicidality, despite some evidence pointing out their buffering role in psychological suffering. Thus, our aim was to explore the mediator role of entrapment in the relationship between experiences of threat and subordination in childhood and suicidality, moderated by self-compassion and emotional distress tolerance. More specifically, we hypothesized that self-compassion and emotional distress tolerance would moderate both the relationship between recall of early life threat and submissiveness experiences and suicidality, and the relationship between entrapment and suicidality. We tested these hypotheses among a non-clinical sample of 398 participants (228 females and 170 males, accounting for 57.3% and 42.7% of the sample, respectively). Results revealed significant associations between all study variables. Moreover, results showed that self-kindness and common humanity - self-compassion components, moderated the relationship between entrapment and suicidality, and that emotional distress tolerance moderated the relationship between recall of experiences of threat and submissiveness during childhood and suicidality, when controlling for depression. Self-kindness and common humanity components of self-compassion and emotional distress tolerance seem to be potential protective variables in preventing suicidality.
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- 2021
674. Competitive and caregiving mentality as a comprehensive framework for Fibromyalgia
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Fortuna, Maria Judite de Oliveira and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
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autocompaixão ,depression ,vergonha externa ,depressão ,fibromyalgia ,fibromialgia ,external shame ,self-compassion - Published
- 2021
675. Of Pain and Suffering: exploring the role of psychological processes in chronic pain, and development of a compassionate acceptance program for pain management (COMP.ACT)
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Carvalho, Sérgio Andrade, Freitas, Paula Cristina de Oliveira de Castilho, Gouveia, José Augusto da Veiga Pinto de, and Gillanders, David
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functioning ,psychosocial ,acceptance and commitment therapy ,mindfulness ,depression ,(self)compassion ,chronic pain ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] - Abstract
Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia, especialidade em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra Introduction: Chronic pain is a debilitating medical condition with a detrimental impact on patients quality of life, functioning and mental health. In addition to pain itself, psychopathological symptoms usually co-occur and contribute to the nefariousness and pervasiveness of chronic pain. The study of psychological factors contributing to chronic pain has been fueled by scientific advances in clinical psychology, particularly in cognitive and behavioral approaches. Mindfulness, acceptance and compassion-based approaches have recently helped shift the focus of therapy from the elimination of symptoms and maladaptive cognitions, to the overall cultivation of an open, aware and self-compassionate stance to personal suffering, while fostering commitment to valued action. However, although these approaches seem to be valuable tools to chronic pain management, their core processes present conceptual overlap (e.g., by sharing core elements, such as mindful awareness and acceptance), thus raising concerns regarding their unique contribution to chronic pain. The current thesis aimed to study the uniqueness and interconnection between mindfulness-, acceptance- and compassion-related processes in chronic pain, through four main routes: 1) to develop and/or validate adequate assessment tools; 2) to explore patterns of associations between psychological processes, pain outputs and depressive symptoms; 3) to examine risk and protective psychological factors associated with the development of depressive symptoms; 4) to develop and pilot test the efficacy of a Compassionate Acceptance and Committment Therapy (COMP.ACT), and examine the added value of (self)compassion in ACT for chronic pain. Methods: The present thesis comprises 10 empirical studies, including 2 psychometric studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, 2 time-lagged studies, and 1 clinical study. These were performed in convenience samples of adult women with musculoskeletal chronic pain, as well as of adult men and women from the general population. Recruitment was conducted online and in a chronic pain healthcare unit. Data was collected through self-report measures. Results: The psychometric studies showed that i) the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) presents good psychometric properties and its original factor structure was confirmed; ii) the Perceived Validation and Criticism in Pain Questionnaire (PVCPQ) is a psychometrically valid two-factor measure of perceived validation and criticism by signficant others when experiencing pain, and PVCPQ contributes to functional impairment beyond pain, background variables and other related psychological processes. Cross-sectional studies showed that iii) self-compassion is more strongly (negatively) associated with depressive symptoms than mindful awareness, and activity engagement mediates this relationship; iv) self-compassion buffers the mediator effect of cognitive fusion between pain intensity and depression; v) rumination and obstructions to valued living mediate the negative association between mindful awareness and depression; vi) self-compassion relates to social safeness through less fears of receiving compassion from others; vii) uncompassionate self-responding is a strong contributor to depression. Time-lagged studies showed that viii) cognitive fusion is a predictor of the trajectory of depression beyond pain intensity and impairment, and ix) self-compassion prospectively predicts depression. The clinical study showed that x) COMP.ACT did not significantly differ from ACT-only, both were acceptable, and COMP.ACT seemed to result in more valued living. Conclusions: Overall, these studies suggest that, more than pain intensity and functional impairment, psychological processes contribute significantly to depression in chronic pain, which suggests the importance of targeting psychological processes, and not only focus on reducing pain in pain management programs. Self-compassion seems to be an especially protective factor against depression in chronic pain, which suggests the usefulness of integrating compassion-inducing practices in chronic pain management programs.
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- 2021
676. Uncovering the endophenotypic factors on the impact of functional outcomes in schizophrenia: studies on different genetic risk samples from the Portuguese Population
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Motta, Carolina Dall Antónia Da, Carvalho, Célia Maria de Oliveira Barreto Coimbra, Freitas, Paula Cristina de Oliveira de Castilho, and Pato, Michele Tortora
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schizophrenia ,endophenotypic ,cognição social ,assessment ,neurocognition ,endofenótipo ,esquizofrenia ,avaliação ,social cognition ,neurocognição ,funcional outcomes ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,capacidade funcional - Abstract
Tese no âmbito do Doutoramento em Psicologia, especialidade em Psicologia Clínica apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências de Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. The administration of neurophysiological, neurocognitive and behavioral measures as endophenotypes in studies about schizophrenia is in vogue, particularly the inquiry on their interrelationships and their impact on patient’s functional outcome. To this date, increasingly large Portuguese samples with genetic risk to schizophrenia (patients and families) have been integrated into studies about candidate genes to schizophrenia or linkage studies relating schizophrenia to other severe mental illnesses. The inclusion of Portuguese samples gained significant interest for being genetically homogenous in comparison to other western populations. However, despite cognitive abilities being also largely inheritable and relevant to the understanding of schizophrenia, the profile of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia has not been sufficiently explored in our national samples. The use of neurocognitive assessment in schizophrenia has the potential to yield innovations in the multidisciplinary treatment and intervention for affected patients and families, and future research that heighten our understanding about what stands between the genotype and the phenotype regarding this complex and impairing disease. The work hereby presented provides an empirical contribute to the understanding of the endophenotypic aspects involved in schizophrenia, and to the discussion of the implications to research, new intervention targets and psychosocial approaches for families and patients. We studied several putative neurocognitive endophenotypes of that illness by developing an in-depth investigation of the neurocognitive and social cognition in schizophrenia in Portuguese samples of patients affected with schizophrenia, first-degree relatives, and controls. We dove below the cloudy waters of clinical heterogeneity of symptoms to attempt to provide a characterization of schizophrenia – both on an endophenotypic and functional level – in an objective and comprehensive approach. By empirically tracing a latent neurocognitive profile and characterizing the underlying processes of the clinical and biological underpinnings of schizophrenia, we expected to contribute to a more coherent systematization of schizophrenia and treatment/rehabilitation. As a by-product of this research, we also aimed to provide specific and psychometrically sound tools for neurocognitive assessment and performance-based skills assessment relevant to practitioners and researchers working in several disciplinary fields with Portuguese-speaking populations. A administração de medidas neurofisiológicas, neurocognitivas e comportamentais para a avaliação de variáveis endofenotípicas nos estudos sobre a esquizofrenia é uma área que tem adquirido um progressivo destaque, particularmente no que toca o questionamento sobre as inter-relações entre estas variáveis e o seu impacto na capacidade funcional dos doentes. Até a data, diversos estudos sobre genes candidatos à esquizofrenia ou estudos de ligação relacionando a esquizofrenia a outras doenças mentais graves integraram grandes amostras portuguesas de sujeitos em risco genético para esquizofrenia (pacientes e famílias). A inclusão destas amostras relaciona-se com o facto da população portuguesa ser geneticamente mais homogénea em comparação com outras populações ocidentais. No entanto, e apesar das capacidades cognitivas serem, em grande parte, também hereditárias e relevantes para a compreensão da esquizofrenia, o perfil dos défices cognitivos na esquizofrenia não tem sido suficientemente explorado em amostras nacionais. O uso da avaliação neurocognitiva na esquizofrenia tem o potencial de introduzir inovação no tratamento e potenciar intervenções multidisciplinares direcionadas para pacientes e famílias afetadas, bem como o potencial de fomentar futuras investigações orientadas para o aumento da nossa compreensão sobre o que existe entre o genótipo e o fenótipo desta doença tão complexa e invalidante. O trabalho aqui apresentado é um contributo para a compreensão dos aspetos endofenotípicos subjacentes à esquizofrenia, bem como para a discussão das suas implicações para a investigação, para o estabelecimento de alvos específicos de intervenção e para o desenvolvimento abordagens psicossociais específicas para famílias e pacientes que sofrem de esquizofrenia. Estudámos diversos endofenótipos neurocognitivos putativos da doença, encontrados na literatura, desenvolvendo uma investigação aprofundada da neurocognição e da cognição social na esquizofrenia, em amostras portuguesas de pacientes diagnosticados com esquizofrenia, parentes em primeiro grau e controlos. Mergulhámos para além das águas conturbadas pela heterogeneidade clínica dos sintomas para tentar proporcionar uma caracterização da esquizofrenia – tanto ao nível endofenotípico quanto funcional – recorrendo a abordagens objetivas e metodologicamente abrangentes. Ao traçar empiricamente um perfil neurocognitivo latente e ao caracterizar os processos clínicos e biológicos subjacentes da esquizofrenia, esperámos poder contribuir para uma futura sistematização mais coerente da esquizofrenia, bem como para o seu tratamento e reabilitação. Como um subproduto deste trabalho, procurámos, ainda, fornecer ferramentas específicas e psicometricamente robustas para a avaliação neurocognitiva e para a avaliação de habilidades baseadas no desempenho, que se mostrassem relevantes para profissionais e investigadores atuantes em diversas áreas disciplinares junto de populações falantes da língua portuguesa.
- Published
- 2020
677. Envolvimento organizacional e satisfação por compaixão em profissionais da emergência médica: o papel das experiências emocionais positivas, afeto positivo, negativo e estratégias de (des)regulação emocional
- Author
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Lopes, Beatriz Couto Ferreira and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Afeto ,Engagement ,Affect ,Satisfação por compaixão ,Emotion regulation ,Compassion satisfaction ,Regulação emocional - Published
- 2019
678. Evolutionary innate defenses: adolescent entrapment experience
- Author
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Sousa, Ana Geraldes de and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Estudo psicométrico ,Psychometric study ,Adolescência ,Evolução natural ,Natural evolution ,Entrapment ,Adolescence - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação O reportório comportamental básico da espécie humana é o resultado de pressões seletivas que favorecem um conjunto de características em detrimento de outro, por representarem uma resposta mais eficaz na resolução de determinados problemas (Gilbert, 2004). Este processo é denominado de evolução natural das espécies. Os comportamentos básicos de regulação interpessoal fazem parte do conjunto de características que são transmitidas de geração em geração, por serem consideradas úteis do ponto de vista evolucionário. Dentro destes, existem os mecanismos defensivos adaptativos, como a fuga, submissão e luta, aos quais o indivíduo recorre para proteção e término de perigo (Gilbert, 2001). Quando a estratégia de fuga é ativada e, de seguida, se demonstra bloqueada ou ineficaz, o indivíduo permanece num estado de hiperativação, no qual suprime o comportamento exploratório, adota posturas estáticas e mantém uma elevada desmobilização (Gilbert & Allan, 1998). Este estado de fuga bloqueada é denominado de entrapment e pode ser desencadeado por situações externas – entrapment externo – ou por estímulos emocionais aversivos – entrapment interno. O período de transição denominado de adolescência é revestido de intensas alterações simultâneas nos diversos sistemas do indivíduo (Chicchetti & Rogosch, 2002) e é, por conseguinte, uma etapa com marcado potencial para conflitos internos e externos e maior suscetibilidade à psicopatologia (Chicchetti & Rogosch, 2002). O objetivo do estudo apresentado compreende a adaptação da Escala de Entrapment, perante uma amostra de adolescentes portugueses do ensino básico e secundário (N= 211). Foram utilizadas medidas de autorresposta que avaliam diferentes indicadores de psicopatologia, cujos construtos se encontram interrelacionados. A estrutura fatorial da Escala de Entrapment para adolescentes (EE-A) foi estudada através da análise fatorial confirmatória e os resultados identificaram bons índices de ajustamento, para o modelo de dois fatores. Ademais, foram obtidos bons indicadores de consistência interna, validade convergente e validade incremental. A versão EE-A apresentada demonstrou-se um instrumento de medida válido para avaliar o entrapment em adolescentes portugueses. The behavioral basic repertoire of the human species is a result of selective pressures that favor one set of characteristic as opposed to another, due to being a more effective response for the resolution of a certain problem (Gilbert, 2004). This process is called natural evolution of the species. The set of basic behaviors of interpersonal regulation are part of the set of characteristics passed on through generations, due to its utility from an evolutionary point of view. Within this set, there are adaptive defensive mechanisms, such as flight, submission and fight, to which the individual resorts to in order to protect and cease a dangerous situation (Gilbert, 2001). When the flight strategy is activated and afterwards viewed as blocked or ineffective, the individual maintains a state of hiperarousal, in which he/ her suppresses exploratory behaviour, adopts static or submissive postures and engages in high demobilization (Gilbert & Allan, 1998). This state of arrested fligh is entitled entrapment e it can be triggered by external situations – external entrapment – or by emocional aversive stimuli – internal entrapment. Adolescence is considered a transition period filled with intense simultâneos changes in several systems of the individual (Chicchetti & Rogosch, 2002) and it is, therefore, a stage with severe potencial for internal and external conflicts and greater susceptibility to psychopathology (Chicchetti & Rogosch, 2002). The goal of the presented study consists on the adaptation of the Entrapment Scale, in a sample of portuguese adolescentes currently in elementary and highschool (N= 211). There were used self-report measurements that assess related constructs. The factorial structure of the Entrapment Scale for adolescents (EE-A) was studied through the factorial confirmatory analysis and the results show good fit indexes for the two factor model. Furthermore, there were obtained good indicators of internal consistency and convergent and incremental validity. The EE-A version presented appeared to be a valid assessment intrument to evaluate entrapment in portuguese adolescents.
- Published
- 2019
679. Evaluation of self-disgust in adolescence: validation of the Multidimensional Self-Disgust Scale (EMA-A)
- Author
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Guilherme, Mariana Margarida Amado and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Psychometric properties ,Confirmatory factorial analysis ,Propriedades psicométricas ,Análise Fatorial Confirmatória ,Adolescência ,Self-disgust ,Autoaversão ,Adolescence - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação A autoaversão pode ser conceptualizada como uma resposta expressiva, comportamental e fisiológica que se manifesta perante a exposição a um estímulo percecionado como aversivo. Neste sentido, regista-se um distanciamento a um determinado estímulo, um estado fisiológico específico (náusea) e uma emoção básica de nojo em relação a partes do corpo. Apesar da autoaversão ser crucial para a compreensão do desenvolvimento e manutenção de determinadas patologias, não existe nenhum instrumento que permite medir a mesma na população de adolescentes portugueses. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo central adaptar, aferir e validar a Escala Multidimensional da Autoaversão (EMA-A) para a população de adolescentes portugueses, assim como estudar a suas propriedades psicométricas. Para o efeito, foi administrado um conjunto de instrumentos de autorresposta a uma amostra de 540 adolescentes do terceiro ciclo e secundário, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e 18 anos de ambos os sexos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a EMA-A apresenta uma boa consistência interna, estabilidade temporal, validade convergente e validade incremental. Revelou uma estrutura fatorial com bons índices de ajustamento, em que esta é constituída por quatro fatores de primeira ordem (ativação defensiva, cognitivo-emocional, exclusão e evitamento) e um fator de segunda ordem (autoaversão total). Deste modo, a EMA-A parece ser uma medida de autorresposta válida e fidedigna para avaliar a Autoaversão e as suas dimensões na população de adolescentes portugueses, quer no contexto clínico e quer no contexto de investigação. Self-disgust can be conceptualized as an expressive, behavioral and physiological response that manifests itself in the exposure to a stimulus perceived as aversive. Thus, there is a distancing from a particular stimulus, a specific physiological state (nausea) and a basic emotion of disgust towards parts of the body. Although self-disgust is crucial for understanding the development and maintenance of certain pathologies, there is no instrument to measure it in the Portuguese adolescent population. In this sense, this study aims to adapt, validate and assess the Multidimensional Self-disgust Scale (EMA-A) for the population of Portuguese adolescents, as well as to study their psychometric properties. For this purpose, a set of self-response instruments was applied to a sample of 540 adolescents from middle to high school, between the ages of 13 and 18 and of both sexes. The results show that the Multidimensional Self-disgust Scale (EMA-A) has good internal consistency, temporal stability, convergent validity and incremental validity. It revealed a factorial structure with good indexes of adjustment, being constituted by four factors of first order (Defensive activation, Cognitive-emotional factor, Exclusion, Avoidance) and a factor of second order (total self-disgust). Therefore, Multidimensional Self-disgust Scale (EMA-A) seems to be a valid and reliable measure of self-response to evaluate the Self-Disgust and its dimensions in the Portuguese adolescent population, both in the clinical context and in the context of research.
- Published
- 2019
680. Cultivating safeness from the inside out: understanding the processes and developing a compassion-based intervention for psychosis
- Author
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Martins, Maria João Ruivo Ventura, Santos, António João Ferreira de Macedo e, Carvalho, Célia Maria, and Freitas, Paula Cristina
- Subjects
mindfulness ,psicose ,compassion ,terapia focada na compaixão ,atenção plena ,social rank ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,recuperação ,recovery ,psychotic symptoms ,sintomas psicóticos ,psychosis ,compassion-focused therapy ,aceitação ,acceptance ,compaixão - Published
- 2019
681. Uncovering Affective Temperaments: Validation Study of the ATQ in a Portuguese non-clinical sample
- Author
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Rodrigues, Joana Sofia Gonçalves Paiva and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Temperamentos Afetivos ,Hipertimia, Ciclotimia, Distimia ,Affective Temperaments ,Questionário de Temperamentos Afetivos ,Análise Fatorial Confirmatória ,Hyperthymia, Cyclothymia, Dysthymia ,Affective Temperaments Questionnaire ,Confirmatory Factor Analysis - Published
- 2018
682. Living with Psychosis: The Mindfulness and Compassionate Path
- Author
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Leal, Inês Pereira and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
recuperação ,recovery ,mindfulness ,psicose ,terapias cognitivo-comportamentais contextuais ,contextual cognitive-behavioral therapies ,compassion ,psychosis ,compaixão - Published
- 2018
683. O impacto dos traços borderline na adolescência
- Author
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Loureiro, Ana Mafalda de Vasconcelos and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Psychometric properties ,Confirmatory factorial analysis ,Propriedades psicométricas ,Traços borderline ,Borderline features ,Adolescents ,Adolescentes ,Análise fatorial confirmatória - Published
- 2018
684. O papel do sistema de tranquilização e afiliação e seus outputs na qualidade de vida profissional: a satisfação por compaixão em profissionais de reabilitação
- Author
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Tomé, Margarida Dinis and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Autocompaixão ,Positive affect ,Social safeness ,Satisfação por compaixão ,Rehabilitation ,Afeto positivo ,Ligação e proximidade aos outros ,Reabilitação ,Compassion satisfaction ,Self-compassion - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação No contexto da reabilitação, os profissionais de ajuda, pelos cuidados prestados e compaixão dirigida aos utentes, podem vivenciar uma sensação de profunda felicidade e conexão no contexto laboral: a satisfação por compaixão. A literatura identifica como preditores desta satisfação o autocuidado, a autocompaixão, o afeto positivo e o suporte social. No entanto, carece de investigação o papel do sistema de regulação emocional de tranquilização e afiliação (autocompaixão, outputs emocionais e relacionais, como o afeto positivo e a ligação e proximidade aos outros) na satisfação por compaixão em profissionais de reabilitação. Assim, o presente estudo visou explorar o impacto da autocompaixão, dos tipos de afeto positivo (i.e., ativo, relaxado, seguro) e da ligação e proximidade aos outros na satisfação sentida por estes profissionais. Uma bateria de instrumentos de autorresposta que medem as variáveis em estudo foi preenchida por 152 profissionais de Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social de apoio à pessoa com deficiência ou incapacidade. O estudo correlacional revelou associações positivas significativas, como esperado. Com recurso a uma regressão linear múltipla, verificou-se que o afeto ativo prediz a satisfação por compaixão. O modelo mediacional explicativo do papel da autocompaixão na satisfação por compaixão mediado pelo afeto ativo e ligação e proximidade aos outros mostrou-se significativo e explica 24% da variância da variável dependente. Os resultados sugerem que a estimulação do sistema de afiliação e tranquilização (ao qual está ligada a autocompaixão) se revela fundamental para a qualidade de vida que o profissional de reabilitação vivencia como cuidador (satisfação por compaixão). Helping professionals, in the rehabilitation context, provide care and compassion to the individuals they assist. As such, they may experience compassion satisfaction, the state of happiness and connectedness derived from their role as a caregiver. Research has shown that self-care, self-compassion, positive affect and social support can contribute to compassion satisfaction. Nevertheless, there is an absence of studies exploring the role and the activation of the soothing system (self-compassion, emotional and social outputs, such as positive affect and social safeness) in compassion satisfaction felt by rehabilitation professionals. The present study aimed to understand the impact of self-compassion, types of positive affect (i.e., active, relaxed, safe) and social safeness in rehabilitation professionals’ compassion satisfaction. A series of self-report instruments measuring these variables were completed by 152 rehabilitation professionals. Correlational analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations, as expected. A multiple linear regression showed that active affect significantly predicts compassion satisfaction. A mediational model of the relationship between self-compassion and compassion satisfaction mediated by active affect and social safeness significantly explained 24% of the dependent variable’s variance. Thus, the results obtained suggest that of the soothing system (to which self-compassion is related) is fundamental to the quality of life experienced by the professional as a caregiver (compassion satisfaction).
- Published
- 2018
685. Pelas lentes da ameaça: vinculação aos outros e ao self
- Author
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Vitorino, Catarina Alves and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Vinculação ,Autocompaixão ,Vergonha externa ,Depression ,External shame ,Attachment ,Depressão ,Mindfulness ,Self-compassion - Published
- 2018
686. Vinculação da mãe ao bebé: estudo de validação da versão portuguesa da Prenatal Attachment Inventory
- Author
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Paulino, Rita Sepodes and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Vinculação pré-natal ,propriedades psicométricas ,Factorial Confirmatory Analysis ,Análise Fatorial Confirmatória ,Prenatal Attachment Inventory ,mulheres grávidas ,psychometric properties ,pregnant women ,Prenatal attachment - Published
- 2017
687. Estrutura factorial e validação da Escala de Controlo Atencional
- Author
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Diz, António José Morais and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Foco atencional e mudança atencional ,Psychometric properties ,Propriedades psicométricas ,Attentional and shifting focus ,Processamento atencional ,Amostra clínica ,Attentional processing ,Estrutura factorial ,Factorial structure ,Clinical sample - Published
- 2017
688. Auto-monitorização do Corpo: Construção e desenvolvimento da escala de autoaversão dirigida ao corpo
- Author
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Loureiro, Sara Leitão and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Escala da autoaversão dirigida ao corpo (EAAC) ,Propriedades psicométricas ,Community sample ,Amostra comunitária ,Body-Directed Self-Disgust Scale (BDSD) ,Psychometric proprieties ,Análise fatorial confirmatória ,Confirmatory factor analysis - Published
- 2017
689. O impacto da autoaversão no processamento de expressões faciais de emoção
- Author
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Ferreira, António Rafael Henriques, Dantos, Isabel Maria, and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Expressões faciais de emoção ,Emoções ,Emotions ,Recognition and emotional processing ,Reconhecimento e Processamento Emocional ,Facial expressions of emotion ,Self-disgust ,Autoaversão - Published
- 2017
690. Validação da versão Portuguesa da Escala de Inflexibilidade Psicológica na Dor (PIPS) numa amostra da comunidade e numa amostra de dor crónica
- Author
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Martins, Marco Jorge da Silva and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
confirmatory factor analysis ,propriedades psicométricas ,experiential avoidance ,evitamento experiencial ,análise fatorial confirmatória ,Dor crónica ,Chronic pain ,psychometric properties ,psychological flexibility ,flexibilidade psicológica - Published
- 2017
691. Uncovering socio-emotional origins of psychosis: The impact of negative symptoms of psychosis through affiliative fears on social safeness
- Author
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Cruz, Tiago Manuel Gomes da and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira Castilho
- Subjects
Psicose ,Fears of Compassion ,Segurança Social ,Medos da Compaixão ,Mediador ,Mediator ,Social Safeness ,Negative Symptoms ,Psychosis ,Sintomas Negativos - Published
- 2017
692. As infeções respiratórias na infância como um fator de stress para a criança e para os pais : estudo longitudinal
- Author
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Pedro, Catarina, Freitas, Paula Pinto de, and Neuparth, Nuno
- Subjects
Parenting stress ,Ciências Médicas ,Stress infantil ,Marital satisfaction ,Maternal depression ,Childhood respiratory disease ,Doença respiratória infantil ,Stress parental ,Depressão materna ,Childhood stress ,Satisfação conjugal - Abstract
RESUMO: Tem sido referida a associação entre a frequência de infantários e a presença de doenças respiratórias na criança. As doenças respiratórias são comuns nos primeiros anos de vida, estando associadas ao absentismo escolar e são uma das principais causas da ida das crianças ao serviço de urgência. Concomitantemente, os problemas de saúde das crianças podem influenciar o funcionamento psicológico das mães. Os objetivos gerais desta investigação foram verificar se as variáveis relativas à doença respiratória dos filhos se relacionam com as variáveis da mãe (variáveis psicológicas, stress parental, satisfação conjugal e acontecimentos de vida); se estas variáveis da mãe se associam ao stress infantil e se as variáveis relativas à doença respiratória dos filhos se associam ao stress infantil. A recolha de dados foi realizada em nove infantários de Lisboa e quatro infantários do Porto, que concordaram em participar neste estudo, em dois momentos de avaliação: o Tempo 1 – primavera/verão e o Tempo 2 – outono/inverno. Participaram no = Estudo I um total de 459 mães, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 48 anos (M = 34.98 anos; DP = 4.92). O Estudo II foi realizado com uma amostra constituída por mães de crianças com recolha de urina com volume superior a 500 ml e os respetivos filhos. A amostra foi composta por 53 mães, com idade entre 26 e 46 anos (M = 36.89; DP = 3.68). A idade das 53 crianças encontrava-se entre os 46 e os 76 meses (M = 62.75; DP = 8.60). No Estudo I os resultados mostraram que as crianças com mais presença de doença respiratória tinham mães com maior sintomatologia de ansiedade e depressão; que o stress parental se associa positivamente com a presença de sintomatologia de ansiedade e depressão no Tempo I; que o stress parental se associa inversamente com a satisfação conjugal; que uma maior presença de doença respiratória nos filhos se associa positivamente com o stress parental; e que o funcionamento conjugal, a depressão e a ansiedade influenciam o stress parental. No Estudo II os resultados mostram que a toma de antibiótico é um fator de risco para o stress infantil; que as mães com maior stress parental têm crianças com níveis de stress infantil mais elevados; e que a Depressão e o Stress parental mostram predizer os níveis de cortisol (stress) na criança. Conclui-se que, na presença de doença respiratória nos filhos, as mães apresentam mais sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva e que nem todas as variáveis da doença respiratória dos filhos apresentam relação com os níveis de cortisol (stress), contudo a toma de antibiótico mostrou predizer o stress infantil. ABSTRACT: The correlation between the attendance at kindergarten and the presence of respiratory diseases in children has been reported. Respiratory diseases are common in the early years of life and are associated with school absenteeism and are a major cause of children going to the emergency room. Concurrently, health problems of children may influence the psychological functioning of mothers. The general objectives of this research were to verify whether the variables related to childhood respiratory diseases are relate to their mothers’ variables (psychological variables, parenting stress, marital satisfaction and life events); whether the mothers’ variables are associated with the childrens’ stress and if the variables related to childhood respiratory diseases are associated with childhood stress. Data collection was performed in nine kindergartens in Lisbon and four in Porto, that agreed to participate in this study at two time points: Time Point 1 - Spring/ Summer and Time Point 2 - Fall/ Winter. A total of 459 mothers, aged between 19 and 48 years (mean = 34.98 years, SD = 4.92) participated in Study I. Study II was conducted with a sample of mothers and of their children, were a urine volume collection exceeding 500 ml took place. The sample was composed by 53 mothers, aged 26 to 46 years (M = 36.89, SD = 3.68). The age of the 53 children ranged between 46 and 76 months (M = 62.75, SD = 8.60). Study I results showed that children with a greater presence of the respiratory disease had mothers with greater symptoms of anxiety and depression; that parenting stress is positively associated with the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression at Time Point 1; that parenting stress is associated inversely with marital satisfaction; a greater presence of respiratory disease in children is positively associated with parenting stress; and marital functioning, depression and anxiety influence parenting stress. The results of Study II showed that antibiotic intake is a risk factor for childhood stress; that mothers with higher parenting stress have children with higher childhood stress levels; and that depression and parenting stress allow predicting cortisol levels (stress) in children. In conclusion, the presence of respiratory disease in children results in more anxious and depressive symptoms for their mothers, and not all the variables of respiratory disease in children are related to cortisol levels (stress), but the antibiotic intake is related to childhood stress.
- Published
- 2017
693. Bullying e comportamentos autolesivos não suicidários na adolescência
- Author
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Pereira, Maria Teresa Ramos Fernandes and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Subjects
Autolesão não suicida (ANS) ,Autocriticismo ,Bullying ,Perfecionismo ,Adolescência - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. A autolesão não suicida (ANS) na adolescência tem sido foco de interesse pela comunidade clínica e de investigação, pelo seu crescimento exponencial nos últimos anos. Em serviços de saúde mental, a prevalência de ANS é consideravelmente superior, existindo inúmeros estudos que mostram que 40% a 60% dos adolescentes com psicopatologia manifestam ANS. As razões pelas quais os indivíduos se envolvem em ANS difere de pessoa para pessoa e múltiplas motivações podem coexistir. Extensa literatura tem contribuído para a identificação de fatores de risco e de manutenção, distais e proximais, na emissão dos ANS. O presente estudo pretende dar um contributo explorando a relação entre bullying, perfecionismo, autocriticismo e comportamentos autolesivos não suicidários, em adolescentes. Para além disso, pretendeu-se estudar o papel mediador do autocriticismo na relação entre a tendência para ser vitimizado pelos outros (bullying) e a ANS. A amostra incluiu 271 adolescentes, 105 do género masculino (38.7%) e 166 do género feminino (61.3%), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, sem psicopatologia. Todos os participantes preencheram os instrumentos de autorresposta em análise. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os géneros no autocriticismo e os resultados das correlações foram de encontro ao que era esperado. A análise de mediação revelou que a relação entre a tendência para ser vitimizado e a ANS foi parcialmente mediada pelo autocriticismo. Os dados sugerem, assim, que a experiência de vitimização pelos outros e o estilo de processamento interno focado em cognições negativas auto-avaliativas vulnerabilizam os adolescentes para a manifestação de ANS. O impacto destas experiências relacionais negativas e a autorrelação interna devem ser incluídos no tratamento dos comportamentos autolesivos não suicidários, nos adolescentes. Desta forma, a terapia focada na compaixão parece constituir uma abordagem terapêutica segura e promissora para intervir nos comportamentos autolesivos não suicidários. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in adolescence has been object of a growing interest by the clinical and academic community, not least because of the exponencial growth of such disorder in recent years. NSSI prevalence is considerably higher among individuals with pshycopathology, with numerous studies estimating that as much as 40 to 60% of all adolescentes in such conditions reveal NSSI behaviour. The reasons that lead adolescentes with psychopathology to develop self-harm differ from one individual to the next, and multiple causes may co-exist. Extensive current literature has helped in identifying distal and proximal causes as well as risk factors associated with NSSI. The presente study aims at being a valuable contribution, exploring the relationship between bullying, perfectionism, self-criticism and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescentes. Also it intends to study the role played by self-criticism in the link between NSSI and the tendency to be victimized by others (bullying). The sample comprised the responses of 271 adolescents, 105 male (38.7 %) and 166 female (61.3%), ages between 12 and 18 years old, with no psychopathology. All participants completed self-report instruments under analysis. Significant diferences between genders were found regarding self-criticism and the correlations met the expected results. The mediation analysis revealed that the connection between tendency to be victmized and NSSI was parcially mediated by self-criticism. Data suggests that the experience of victimization by others and the style of internal processes focused in negative self-evaluations leave adolescentes more vulnerable to NSSI. Both the impact of these negative relational experiences and the internal self-relation should be taken into consideration in the treatment of NSSI by adolescentes. Thus, therapy focused on compassion seems to constitute a safe and promising therapeutic approach to self-harm behaviour.
- Published
- 2016
694. O contributo da auto-aversão para os comportamentos alimentares perturbados
- Author
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Simão, Marta Cristina Dias and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Subjects
Auto-aversão ,Autocompaixão ,Memórias de calor e afeto ,Psicopatologia do comportamento alimentar ,Ineficácia - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e da Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra A auto-aversão é uma emoção que se encontra associada à desvalorização do corpo, personalidade e comportamento. Apesar de os estudos serem escassos, a literatura sugere que existe uma relação entre a auto-aversão e a patologia alimentar. Dentro da psicopatologia alimentar, uma das características clínicas associadas é a ineficácia. Esta consiste em sentimentos de inadequação e inutilidade. Diversos estudos mostraram que a autocompaixão e as memórias de calor e afeto são fatores protetores na psicopatologia alimentar. Contudo, os processos mediacionais envolvidos na relação entre os sentimentos de aversão e repugnância pelo eu e a ineficácia implícita na patologia alimentar continuam por explorar e esclarecer. O presente estudo visou estudar a relação entre auto-aversão, autocompaixão, memórias de calor e afeto pelos pares e a ineficácia. Especificamente, pretendeu-se testar o efeito mediador da autocompaixão e das memórias de calor e afeto pelos pares na relação entre auto-aversão e ineficácia. Mais ainda, analisaram-se as diferenças entre mulheres com e sem psicopatologia alimentar nas variáveis em estudo. A recolha de dados pressupôs o preenchimento de um protocolo de escalas de autorresposta em ambas as amostras clínica (n = 32) e não clínica (n = 119), sendo que às participantes da amostra clínica foi passada uma mini-entrevista para a confirmação do diagnóstico de patologia alimentar. Os resultados das correlações foram congruentes com as hipóteses formuladas. As memórias de calor e afeto pelos pares e a autocompaixão medeiam, parcialmente, o impacto da auto-aversão na ineficácia. Estes dados sugerem que, a influência dos sentimentos de aversão pelo eu na ineficácia ocorrem pela incapacidade de autotranquilização e ausência (ou poucas) de memórias de suporte e afeto pelos pares. Por fim, as diferenças encontradas nas duas amostras vão no sentido do esperado e de acordo com a literatura. Self-disgust is an emotion associated with body, personality and behavior depreciation. Although we lack studies on this subject, literature suggests a relation between self-disgust and eating pathology. One of the clinical features within eating psychopathology is ineffectiveness, which involves feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness. Several studies have shown that self-compassion and early memories of warmth and safeness play a protective role in eating psychopathology. However, there is still a lack in exploration and understanding of the mediational processes between feelings of self-disgust and self-repugnancy and implicit ineffectiveness in eating pathology. The current study aimed to understand the relation between self-disgust, self-compassion, early memories of warmth and safeness with peers and ineffectiveness. Specifically, we intended to test the mediational effect of self-compassion and early memories of warmth and safeness with peers between self-disgust and ineffectiveness. Furthermore, the differences between women with and without eating psychopathology were also analyzed on these variables. Participants on both clinical (n=32) and non-clinical (n=119) samples completed a protocol with instruments; clinical subjects also answered a short interview to confirm the eating pathology diagnostic. The results of the correlation analysis were congruous with the initial hypothesis. The early memories of warmth and safeness with peers and self-compassion partially mediate the impact of self-disgust on ineffectiveness. These data suggest that the influence of self-disgust feelings on ineffectiveness occur through the inability that one has to self-sooth himself and the absence of early memories of warmth and safeness with peers. Lastly, the differences found on both samples are in accordance with the expected and with the literature.
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- 2016
695. O papel da mentalidade de competição e de prestação de cuidados na depressão, em doentes com psicose
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Gonçalves, Joana Gradim and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Subjects
Autocompaixão ,Perturbações psicóticas ,Vergonha externa ,Sintomatologia depressiva - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e da Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. A vergonha emerge quando os esforços para a obtenção de validação social não são bem-sucedidos e o eu é experienciado como socialmente indesejável. Por outro lado, a autocompaixão representa uma atitude calorosa, de aceitação e de não ajuizamento dos aspetos do eu ou da vida, desempenhando um papel fundamental na regulação da emocionalidade negativa. Apesar da relação entre a vergonha, a autocompaixão e a depressão estar empiricamente estabelecida, continua por explorar na psicose. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal explorar o papel preditor da vergonha e da autocompaixão nos sintomas depressivos, numa amostra de doentes com psicose e, secundariamente, analisar a incidência dos diferentes tipos de sintomatologia psicótica e comórbida associada, manifestada pelos participantes. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através de uma entrevista clínica estruturada, e do preenchimento de um protocolo de escalas de autorresposta com vista à avaliação da vergonha externa, da autocompaixão e da sintomatologia depressiva, numa amostra constituída por 30 participantes. Os resultados mostraram que maiores níveis de vergonha e menores níveis de autocompaixão parecem associar-se aos sintomas depressivos, sendo que a autocompaixão emerge como fator explicativo de 40% da variância da sintomatologia depressiva. Estes resultados vão de encontro aos resultados apresentados por estudos anteriores que analisaram o papel da autocompaixão na depressão e, ao mesmo tempo, apresentam evidências que suportam a inclusão de intervenções focadas na compaixão na intervenção com doentes com perturbações psicóticas, revelando-se especialmente importantes na abordagem dos sintomas depressivos associados à sua evolução. Shame emerges when efforts to achieve social validation is not successful and the self is experienced as socially undesirable. Moreover, self-compassion is an attitude of acceptance of aspects of the self or life, playing a key role in the regulation of negative emotions. Although the relationship between shame, self-compassion and depression have been empirically established, remains unexploited in psychosis. This study aimed to explore the predictor role of shame and self-compassion in the experience of depressive symptoms in a sample of patients with psychosis and, secondarily, to analyze the frequency of different types of psychotic symptoms and comorbid associated symptoms expressed by participants. Data collection was conducted through a structured clinical interview, and through a set of self-reported scales for the evaluation of external shame, self-compassion and depressive symptoms in a sample of 30 participants. The results showed that higher levels of external shame and lower levels of self-compassion appear to be associated with depressive symptoms, and self-compassion emerges as explanatory factor of 40% of the variance of depression. These results are in agreement with results reported by previous studies that analyzed the role of self-compassion in depression and at the same time, present evidence supporting the inclusion of Compassion Focused Therapy in interventions with patients with psychotic disorders, revealing especially importance in the approach of depressive symptoms associated with their development.
- Published
- 2016
696. O impacto da auto-aversão na psicopatologia
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Guiomar, Raquel Nunes Rodrigues Miguéis and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e da Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. A auto-aversão é uma emoção ligada ao sistema de ameaça e corresponde ao sentimento de repulsa que atributos físicos, da personalidade ou do comportamento suscitam no próprio. A literatura parece sugerir que há uma relação entre a autoaversão, a sintomatologia borderline da personalidade, o autocriticismo, o medo da compaixão e o evitamento experiencial. Contudo, a investigação sobre esta emoção é escassa, não estando claro o modo como se relaciona com outros constructos. O objetivo do presente estudo passou pela exploração do impacto da auto-aversão na sintomatologia borderline e pela análise da influência dos medos da compaixão, do autocriticismo e do evitamento experiencial nesta relação. Neste estudo utilizámos um protocolo com escalas de autorresposta que mediam as variáveis em estudo, num total de 53 pacientes com patologia da personalidade. Os resultados das análises de correlação evidenciaram as relações hipotetizadas, e os estudos de mediação sugeriram que a auto-aversão tem um impacto na sintomatologia borderline através do medo de dar e de receber compaixão dos outros, e do evitamento experiencial. Self-disgust is an emotion linked to the threat-system and can be conceptualized as the feeling of disgust that one has about his own physical attributes, personality or behaviour. The literature seems to suggest that there is a relationship between selfdisgust, borderline personality traits, self-criticism, fear of compassion and experiential avoidance. However, research concerning this emotion is scarce, so it is not clear how these constructs are related. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of selfdisgust in borderline personality traits and to analyse the influence of fears compassion, self-criticism and experiential avoidance in this relationship. In the present study we used a protocol with instruments that measured the variables in study, in a total of 53 patients diagnosed with a personality disorder. The results of the correlation analysis showed the hypothesized relationships, and the mediation studies have suggested that self-disgust has an impact on borderline symptomatology through the fear of giving and receiving compassion from others, and experiential avoidance
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- 2015
697. As emoções autoconscientes e o papel do cuidador:análise fatorial confirmatória e propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Escala de Vergonha e Culpa no Cuidar (EVCC)
- Author
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Salgueiro, Ana Sofia de Sá and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
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Análise factorial ,Compaixão submissa ,Prestação de cuidados ,Propriedades psicométricas ,Vergonha ,Culpa - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais nas Perturbações Psicológicas e Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. A compaixão emerge como a grande impulsionadora dos comportamentos de cuidar (Catarino et al., 2014), relacionando-se com a mentalidade social de prestação de cuidados (Gilbert, 2005a). Todavia, a tendência natural para a compaixão pode ser contrariada por múltiplos fatores, entre os quais se destacam os objetivos de autoimagem (Crocker, 2008; Crocker & Canevello, 2011). Assim, quando ser compassivo com os outros surge como resultado do medo da rejeição, fala-se em compaixão submissa (Catarino et al., 2014). A compaixão submissa e um senso de responsabilidade exagerado podem levar à vergonha e culpa na relação de cuidados (Martin et al., 2006). O presente estudo pretendeu aferir e validar a Escala de Vergonha e Culpa no Cuidar (EVCC; Martin et al., 2006) para a população portuguesa, numa amostra de 464 estudantes universitários (32.11% do género masculino e 67.89% do género feminino). A estrutura fatorial não correspondeu totalmente à versão original. A dimensionalidade da medida foi corroborada através da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, demonstrando bons índices de ajustamento ao modelo. A medida demostrou uma boa consistência interna, validade divergente e convergente e estabilidade temporal. A EVCC parece ser útil e confiável para a avaliação da vergonha e culpa na relação de prestação de cuidados. Compassion emerges as the big booster of the caring behaviour (Catarino et al., 2014), being related with the social mentality of care provision (Gilbert, 2005a). However, the natural tendency for compassion can be thwarted by multiple factors, among which the self-image goals stand out (Crocker, 2008; Crocker & Canevello, 2011). Thereby, when being compassionate to others comes as result of fear of rejection, it’s called submissive compassion (Catarino et al., 2014). Submissive compassion and a exaggerated sense of responsibility can lead to shame and guilt in the caring relationship (Martin et al., 2006). The present study had as goal to assess and validate the Caring Shame and Guilt Scale (Martin et al., 2006) to the Portuguese population, in a sample of 464 university students (32.11% males and 67.89% females). The factorial structure didn’t totally correspond with the original version. The adequacy of the measure was corroborated through Confirmatory Analyses, which revealed good fit to the model. The measure showed a great internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity and temporal stability. The CSGS seems to be useful and reliable to the evaluation of shame and guilt in the caring relationship.
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- 2015
698. O ruído existente no silêncio: estudo de validação da versão portuguesa da Escala de Aceitação e Ação para as Vozes (VAAS)
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Pascoal, Ana Carolina Freitas and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e da Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. Auditory hallucinations, also known as voices, are the most known form of hallucinations and have a prevalence of 70% in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (Landmark, Merskey, Cernovsky, & Helmes, 1990). The voices have speech properties, are commonly personified and hold a specific meaning for the individual who experience them (David, 2004). They are associated with high levels of anxiety (ie Birchwood & Chadwick, 1997; van der Gaag, Hageman, & Birchwood, 2003), although there are also data suggesting the occurrence of positive experiences in their presence, such as feelings of support and reduce of social isolation (Honig et al, 1998;. Miller & DiPasquale O'Connor, 1993). The third generation therapies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness have been gaining importance in the treatment of numerous disorders (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004). Recently there have been efforts to apply these methods to psychotic symptoms (Bach & Hayes, 2002; Chadwick, Newman Taylor, & Anna, 2005; Gaudiano & Hebert, 2006). Instead of effectively change the contents of the beliefs, as postulated by cognitive-behavioral therapy, these therapeutic strategies aim to modify the relationship of patients with these beliefs and their symptoms. The most developed of these new approaches is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999). As the name suggests, ACT comprises two main components. The first, Acceptance, concerns to cognitive defusion strategies that claim that the patient recognizes and observes the symptoms as mere mental events, rather than judge their undeniable truth and they don’t react to them. On the other hand, the commitment component concerns to the behaviors that are articulated with personal goals and values, rather than just focus on the symptoms. The goal is, as such, help the patient to engage in pleasurable activities and to help them to meet these values and goals. Bach and Hayes (2002) tested the impact of a brief version of ACT in a group of 80 patients that experienced positive psychotic symptoms, namely hallucinatory activity. The authors found that, compared to a control group who received "usual care", participants who received the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy presented half the rate of re-hospitalization after a Follow Up period of four months. These same patients reported more symptoms but have referred to them as less credible. The study was replicated in a new smaller and better controlled study (Gaudiano & Herbert, 2006), in which the results were similar. These and other studies (Chadwick et al., 2005) show us that Acceptance and Commintment Therapy appears as a promising therapeutic approach among these clinical populations. The concept of acceptance and its potential value in the treatment of auditory hallucinations are not new in the clinic (ie Falloon & Talbot, 1981; Kingdon & Turkington, 1991; Romme & Escher, 1989). However, the mechanisms of therapy and the role of the acceptance are not completely clear since there are few measures available to measure it in psychosis. One example is the Voices Acceptance and Action Scale (VAAS), whose study of the psychometric qualities is constituted as primary objective of this study. Our analyzes show that VAAS is composed of two factors:. Acceptance and Action. The first concerns to an openness by the psychotic patient to be with the voices as they are without using any avoidance strategy, suppression or fight against them. On the other hand, the Action concerns to behaviors that are self-driven, eg, deeply connected to the purposes and values of the psychotic patient. Both scale factors presented good internal consistency (α = .79 for the total scale; α = .71 to Acceptance and α = .81 for Action). The Action factor factor was significantly correlated with all factors of BAVQ-R, the Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire, namely, Resistance, Malevolence, Involvement, Omnipotence and Benevolence and the Acceptance factor was significantly correlated with the BAVQ-R factors of Resistance, Malevolence and Omnipotence. None of the subscales of VAAS-12 was significantly correlated with the Fears of Compassion Scales, the Satisfaction with Life Scale or any of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Regression analysis suggested that Omnipotence (BAVQ-R) functions as single predictor of Acceptance and Resistance (BAVQ-R) functions as single predictor of Action. These data have important clinical implications and provide relevant guidance for future research. It should be noted that, although the scale has been passed in its entirety to the clinical sample, given that 51.1% (n = 24) patients evaluated not experienced command hallucinations, it was only considered the first section of the scale (section A), consisting of 12 items pertaining to global hallucinations, and not only commands As alucinações auditivas, também conhecidas por vozes, são a forma mais conhecida de alucinações e têm uma prevalência de 70% em indivíduos diagnosticados com esquizofrenia e outros distúrbios psicóticos (Landmark, Merskey, Cernovsky, & Helmes, 1990). As vozes têm propriedades de discurso, são comumente personificadas e detêm um significado específico para o indivíduo que as experiencia (Favid, 2004). Estão associadas a níveis elevados de ansiedade (i.e Birchwood & Chadwick, 1997; van der Gaag, Hageman, & Birchwood, 2003), embora também haja dados que sugerem a ocorrência de experiências positivas na presença das mesmas, tais como sentimento de apoio e redução do isolamento social (Honig et al., 1998; Miller, O’Connor & DiPasquale, 1993). As terapias da Terceira Geração, tais como a Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso e o Mindfulness têm vindo a ganhar terreno no tratamento de ínumeros distúrbios (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004). Recentemente, têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos esforços para aplicar estes métodos aos sintomas psicóticos (Bach & Hayes, 2002; Chadwick, Newman Taylor, & Anna, 2005; Gaudiano & Hebert, 2006). Em vez de mudar efetivamente os conteúdos das crenças, como é postulado pela Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, estas estratégias terapêuticas pretendem modificar a relação dos doentes com essas mesmas crenças e com os seus sintomas. A mais desenvolvida destas novas abordagens é a Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999). Tal como o nome sugere, a ACT compreende dois componentes principais. O primeiro, a Aceitação, diz respeito a estratégias de desfusão cognitiva que pretendem que o paciente reconheça e observe os sintomas como meros eventos mentais, em vez de julgar a sua veracidade incontestável e reagir-lhes. Por outro lado, a componente do compromisso diz respeito aos comportamentos que, de alguma forma, se articulam com valores pessoais e objetivos, em vez de focar-se simplesmente nos sintomas. O objetivo é, como tal, ajudar o doente a envolver-se em atividades prazerosas e que o ajudem a direcionar- ao encontro desses mesmos valores e objetivos. Bach e Hayes (2002) testaram o impacto de uma breve versão da ACT num grupo de 80 doentes em regime de internamento que experienciavam sintomas psicóticos positivos, a saber, atividade alucinatória. Os autores verificaram que, por comparação com um grupo de controlo que recebeu o “tratamento usual”, os participantes que receberam a Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso apresentaram metade da taxa de re-hospitalização após um período de Follow Up de 4 meses. Estes mesmos pacientes reportaram mais sintomas mas referiram-se aos mesmos como menos credíveis. O estudo foi replicado num novo estudo mais pequeno e melhor controlado (Gaudiano & Herbert, 2006), no quais os resultados se mostraram semelhantes. Estes dados e outros (Chadwick et al., 2005) mostram-nos que a Aceitação se apresenta como uma abordagem terapêutica promissora junto destas populações clínicas. Este conceito de aceitação e o seu potencial valor no tratamento das alucinações auditivas não são uma novidade na clínica (i.e Falloon & Talbot, 1981; Kingdon & Turkington, 1991; Romme & Escher, 1989). No entanto, os mecanismos de terapia e o papel da Aceitação na mesma não são ainda completamente claros uma vez que existem poucas medidas disponíveis para medi-la no que diz respeito à psicose. Uma dessas medidas é a Escala de Aceitação e Ação para as Vozes (VAAS), cuja aferição para a população portuguesa e estudo das qualidades psicométricas se constituem como primordiais objetivos do presente estudo. As nossas análises mostram que a VAAS é composta por dois fatores: Aceitação e Ação. A primeira diz respeito a uma abertura por parte do doente psicótico para estar com as vozes tal como elas são sem recorrer a qualquer estratégia de evitamento, supressão ou luta conta elas. Por sua vez, a Ação diz respeito ao comportamento que é auto-dirigido, ou seja, profundamente ligado aos objetivos e valores do doente psicótico. Tanto a escala total como os dois fatores apresentaram boa consistência interna (α= .79 para a escala total; α= .71 para a Aceitação e α= .81 para a Ação). O fator Ação mostrou-se significativamente correlacionado com todos os fatores da BAVQ-R, o Questionário de Crenças sobre as Vozes, a saber, Resistência, Maldade, Envolvimento, Omnipotência e Benevolência e o fator Aceitação mostrou-se significativamente correlacionado com os fatores Resistência, Maldade e Omnipotência. Nenhuma das subescalas da VAAS-12 se mostrou significativamente correlacionada com as Escalas dos Medos da Compaixão, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida ou com nenhum dos fatores do Questionário das Cinco Facetas do Mindfulness. As análises de regressão sugeriram que a Omnipotência funciona como único preditor da Aceitação e que a Resistência, funciona como único preditor da Ação. Estes dados comportam importantes implicações clínicas e fornecem orientações pertinentes para investigação futura. Importa referir que, apesar da escala ter sido passada na totalidade à amostra clínica, dado que 51.1% (n= 24) doentes avaliados não experienciavam vozes de comando , foi unicamente analisada a primeira secção da escala (secção A), composta por 12 itens referentes a alucinações globais, e não unicamente comandos.
- Published
- 2015
699. Autodano na adolescência:o papel dos traços borderline de personalidade, dos medos da compaixão e do autocriticismo
- Author
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Loureiro, Juliana Martins and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Subjects
Medos da compaixão ,Autocriticismo ,Personalidade borderline ,Autodano ,Adolescência ,Traços borderline de personalidade ,Comportamento auto-lesivo ,Adolescente - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e da Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. O autodano é um problema complexo e clinicamente significativo entre os adolescentes. Neste sentido, a clarificação de variáveis psicológicas e emocionais que possam predizer ou manter o comportamento de autodano, nesta população, assume especial relevância. O presente estudo procurou explorar o contributo do autocriticismo, do medo da compaixão e dos traços de personalidade borderline para o autodano, em 279 adolescentes, do ensino básico e secundário, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 18 anos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram associações significativas entre o autodano e as variáveis em estudo. De referir que o comportamento de autodano, como esperado, mostrou-se correlacionado com o impulso, a ideação suicida e o afeto negativo, em ambos os géneros. Adicionalmente, os dados parecem sugerir que o autocriticismo no seu formato mais tóxico e patogénico, o eu detestado, prediz a ocorrência de comportamentos de autodano nos adolescentes. Mais ainda, o medo da autocompaixão, bem como a existência de traços de personalidade borderline, revelaram-se preditores significativos do autodano nas raparigas. Por sua vez, nos rapazes, os resultados mostraram que a presença de afeto negativo, bem como o medo de dar compaixão aos outros, contribuem significativamente para o autodano. Apesar das limitações inerentes ao desenho empírico, o presente estudo parece contribuir para o estado da arte, com implicações clínicas. O principal contributo centra-se na clarificação do papel dos traços de personalidade borderline, dos medos da compaixão e do autocritismo na fenomenologia do autodano, em adolescentes. A intervenção terapêutica no autodano deve focar-se no autocriticismo e no desenvolvimento de emoções afiliativas, ligadas ao sistema de vinculação e tranquilização, com um especial destaque para a autocompaixão. Self-harm is a complex and clinically significant problem among adolescents. Accordingly, the clarification of emotional and psychological variables that may predict or maintain the self-harm behavior, in this population, is particularly important. The current study aim is to explore the contribution of self-criticism, fear of compassion and borderline personality features to self-harm in 279 middle- and high-school students, aged between 14 and 18 years old. The results showed significant associations between self-harm and the variables under study. It should be noted that self-harm behavior, as expected, proved to be correlated with the impulse, suicidal ideation and negative affect, in both genders. Additionally, the data seem to suggest that self-criticism in its more toxic and pathogenic form, hated self, predicts the occurrence of self-harm behaviors among adolescents. Moreover, fear of self-compassion, as well as the existence of borderline personality features were significant predictors of self-harm, among girls. In turn, in boys, the results showed that the presence of negative affect, as well as the fear of giving compassion to others, significantly contribute to the manifestation of selfharm behaviors. Despite the limitations inherent to the empirical design, this study appears to contribute to state of art, with clinical implications. The main contribution focuses on clarifying the role of self-criticism, fears of compassion and borderline personality features in the phenomenology of self-harm among adolescents. Therapeutic intervention of self-harm in adolescents should focus on self-criticism and the development of affiliative emotions linked to the attachment and soothing system, with a special emphasis on self-compassion.
- Published
- 2015
700. Processamento da ameaça na psicose:o contributo da autoaversão, dos medos da compaixão e do mindfulness
- Author
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Carvalho, Diana Marisa Henriques and Freitas, Paula Cristina Oliveira de Castilho
- Subjects
Auto-aversão ,Psicose ,Delírio - Abstract
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais em Perturbações Psicológicas e Saúde), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. As ideias delirantes são um dos sintomas mais comuns das perturbações psicóticas. Um dos fatores que contribui para o seu desenvolvimento são as emoções (Freeman & Garety, 2003). A paranoia está também associada a uma maior sensitividade à ameaça, que pode estar relacionada com dificuldades ao nível do sistema de afiliação-tranquilização, sendo a compaixão uma das emoções mais relacionadas com este sistema (Freeman & Garety, 2003; Gilbert, 1998; Gilbert, 2005). Nos últimos anos tem-se integrado a prática de mindfulness nas intervenções com doentes psicóticos, de forma a ajudá-los a lidar com os seus sintomas e a diminuir o sofrimento associado (Chadwick et al., 2005; Khoury et al., 2013). Tendo isto em conta, neste estudo pretendemos perceber melhor a forma como a autoaversão, os medos da compaixão e o mindfulness interferem ao nível da frequência, grau de convicção e transtorno causado pelas ideias delirantes. Os resultados mostram que, de um modo geral, estas variáveis se associam com a paranoia, sendo que a componente de ativação defensiva da auto-aversão e a faceta Descrever do mindfulness são as que mais contribuem para o transtorno causado pelas ideias delirantes e o medo da autocompaixão a que mais contribui para a sua frequência. Para além disto, a faceta Descrever do mindfulness mostrou mediar a relação entre a ativação defensiva da autoaversão e o transtorno causado pelas ideias delirantes. Os nossos resultados mostram que a auto-aversão, os medos da compaixão e o mindfulness podem ter um impacto importante nas ideias delirantes, o que pode ser relevante para as intervenções utilizadas no tratamento desta população clínica. Delusions are one of the most common symptoms of psychotic disorders. One of the factors that contributes for its development are emotions (Freeman & Garety, 2003). Paranoia is also associated with a greater threat sensitivity, which can derive from difficulties in the soothing system (Freeman & Garety, 2003; Gilbert, 1998; Gilbert, 2005). Compassion is related to this system. In the past few years, there as been an integration of mindfulness practices on interventions with psychotic patients, as an effort to help them cope with their symptoms and decrease distress (Chadwick et al., 2005; Khoury et al., 2013). Considering this, in this study we intend to understand how self-disgust, fears of compassion and mindfulness interfere with the frequency, degree of conviction and distress caused by delusions. These variables presented associations with paranoia, wherein the Defensive Activation factor of self-disgust and the Describe facet of mindfulness were the ones that contributed the most to the distress caused by delusions and fear of self-compassion was the one that contributed the most for their frequency. Moreover, the Describe facet of mindfulness mediated the relationship between self-disgust’s Defensive Activation and the distress caused by delusions. In sum, our results show that self-disgust, fears of compassion and mindfulness can have an important influence on delusions, which can be useful to the development of interventions for this disorder
- Published
- 2015
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