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It is proposed to use the Low equation to define the potential between two nucleons. The work is entirely within the framework of axiomatic quantum field theory.

The main contraceptive method used in Taiwan's family planning program has been the Lippes loop which is supplemented, by oral contraceptive pills and condoms. Taiwan's experience on loop and pill use indicates that the loop gives better continuation rates than the pill and that continuation rates can be improved to some extent by intensive follow-up and education of acceptors. Among various sizes of loop and types of pill, the 30 mm loop seems to fit Taiwanese women best and the lower-dose estrogen pill with 28 pills per cycle seems to be most acceptable in Taiwan. Long term use of the loop does cause intensification of calcium deposition which does not seem to increase the incidence of removal, nor to increase the incidence of carcinoma beyond the range reported for the total population. The loop program in Taiwan has had a significant impact on fertility subsequent to acceptance even when loop use is discontinued.

The effects of morphine and of hydrocortisone, acting singly and together, on glucose-uptake, glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, and respiration of excised diaphragms of normal and of chronically morphinised rats have been studied in vitro . It is demonstrated that morphine stimulates glucose-uptake of normal tissue but depresses glucose-uptake and lactate production in chronically morphinised tissue, that hydrocortisone antagonises these effects of morphine, and that morphine antagonises the effect of hydrocortsone on respiration but tends to enhance the effects of the hormone on glycogen metabolism. Diaphragm from chronically morphinised animals has a higher glycogen content but is no different from that of normal animals in basal metabolic activity. It is concluded that morphine-induced changes resulting in differences in sensitivity and response to both hormone and drug involve mechanisms whereby hormonal effects are superimposed on the intrinsic controlling systems of cellular metabolism.

It is shown here that a transition from axiomatic quantum field theory to Schrodinger equation can be accomplished provided the extrapolation of the scattering matrix off the energy shell is performed in a certain way. However, if one wants an equation which is valid for all physical energies, the appropriate equation is what is called here the “Dirac equation” from which the Schrodinger equation is obtained as an approximation. The potential appearing in the “Dirac equation” is expressed in closed form in terms of field-theory matrix elements.

An elastoplastic analysis of plane-strain and axisymmetric flat punch indentation into a specimen of finite dimensions was made by the finite-element method, using an improved finite-element representation. Studies were made on the development of the plastic zone, the load-displacement relationships, and the stress and strain distributions during continued loading, with variations in the punch friction and specimen dimensions. Unloading was considered also and the residual stresses were examined.

A survery of the incidence of uterine perforation following loop insertions was undertaken by the Taiwan Population Studies Center with a self-administered questionnaire sent to 641 contracted obstetrician-gynecologists in Taiwan in June. A total of 557 questionnaires were returned for analysis, representing a rate of response of 87 per cent. A total of 35 perforations were reported, of which 10 had apparent symptoms and 25 were "silent" or asymptomatic and discovered during a routine checkup or in an attempt to remove the device. The incidence of apparent perforations was 0.4 per 10,000 insertions and the incidence of asymptomatic perforation was 0.9 per 10,000. For all perforations combined, the ratio was 1.3 per 10,000 insertions or one in 8,000 insertions. Of the 35 patients, 9 had a hysterectomy, 19 had a laparotomy, 4 had nothing done, and the remaining 3 were not clear as to their management. Hysterectomy is justifiable for women of high parity and eliminates the risk of uterine rupture during subsequent deliveries. It may not be justifiable in other cases. The incidence of uterine perforation under Taiwan's program is much lower than those reported from Singapore and the United States. The Taiwan figures undoubtedly underestimated the "real" incidence; but underestimation would have been less likely for cases of "apparent" complications. In the latter events the local health departments usually were invited to settle the matter with the family members of the patients. Taiwan's program experience indicates that personal skill has a great deal to do with the incidence and that more adequate training and careful management during insertion should minimize the risk of uterine perforation following loop insertion.

Amorphous silicon nitride films have been deposited on silicon substrates, with main faces of {111} and {100} orientations, at 800–1100°C using the nitridation of silane with ammonia. In many cases, the substrate surfaces were etched in situ with mixtures of hydrogen-hydrogen chloride, hydrogen-water, or hydrogen-oxygen prior to the deposition of silicon nitride. In several instances, epitaxial silicon of good structural perfection was deposited on silicon substrates before the deposition process. Irrespective of the substrate surface treatments and other deposition conditions, the charge distribution of AlSiSi 3 N 4 structures was found to be unstable under large voltage bias at room temperature. This charge instability appears to be due to tunneling and trapping of carriers in the vicinity of the silicon-silicon nitride interface, and is concluded to be a basic property of the SiSi 3 N 4 structure prepared by the chemical deposition technique. The use of a thin silicon dioxide interlayer between the silicon nitride and the silicon has been found to suppress the charge instability in MNS structures; MNOS structures are stable over wide ranges of electrical and thermal stress.

The glycogen content and phosphorylase activity of liver, hindlimb muscle and diaphragm from normal and chronically morphinized rats have been determined. There is a sharp decline of glycogen in liver, but not in skeletal muscle, from chronically morphinized rats. Glycogen phosphorylases a and b are reduced in both liver and skeletal muscle. There is a relative increase of the proportion of phosphorylase-b in the tissues of morphinized animals. The increase of the ratio of phosphorylase-b-phosphorylase-a may be related to the inhibition of hormonal action and of activation of adenyl cyclase caused by the drug.

Twelve new heat flow measurements in South Korea are reported. Excluding one anomalous value, the average heat flow in South Korea was found to be 1.5 · 10−6 cal./cm2·sec which is equal to the world's average. In the area characterized by Tertiary volcanism, high heat flow was observed. The high heat flow region is considered to be a part of the high heat flow region extending from the Japan Sea side of the Japanese islands. The transition from high heat flow to normal or low heat flow occurs rather sharply. It may indicate that the source causing high heat flow lies at fairly shallow depth or that an unexpectedly effective heat transfer mechanism exists.

The phosphodiesterase of Mycobacterium smegmatis; was strongly inhibited by ATP and ADP, CTP, GTP, TTP, their corresponding deoxy derivatives and deoxy ATP were inhibitory to the enzyme while the mononucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP and TMP were slightly stimulatory. Adenosine at 2.0 mM stimulated enzyme activity of 50%.

This report documents the EI/EPRI prediction of Standard Problem 8 for submittal to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The analysis and submittal were completed prior to NRC's release of test data. The RETRAN computer code and state-of-the-art models were used to analyze Semiscale Test S-06-3 which was designed to simulate one of the first LOFT nuclear tests. Semiscale Test S-06-3 was a 200% cold leg break blowdown through refill and reflood. The Semiscale system included an electrically heated core at a nominal power of 1.0 MW, 2290 psia, and 550 F in the cold leg. The state-of-the-art prediction was terminated at 32.5 seconds, near the end of the blowdown, because the homogeneous equilibrium assumptions do not allow the cold ECC water to penetrate the downcomer region.

The anisotropic mechanical properties of unidirectional short-fiber reinforced polychloroprene composites have been measured and analyzed. Based on these results, a thermodynamic mixing rule and a set of constitutive equations have been developed for predicting the anisotropic modulus properties and stress-strain data of this material

The use of groundwater for cooling applications is a common practice throughout the country wherever an adequate supply of water exists. However, the reinjection of the cooling water to water-bearing strata is not as widely practiced. The literature pertaining to reinjection of heated water is not well documented. To fulfill the need for more information, a study was conducted to identify and document at least 30 sites where reinjection of grundwater from cooling applications was being (or had been) performed. The information obtained on each site was compiled and analyzed, the site described briefly and cooling and reinjection problems characterized. The end result of this study was to establish a data base of reinjection experience based on a variety of sites around the country with different hydrogeologic characteristics and cooling systems. These data are presented.

Based on the composition-processing-property relationship developed for the viscoelastic properties of polymer blends, an equal-viscosity-mixing criterion for mixing multi-component elastomer blends has been established. This criterion has been implemented to mix an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber/brominated butyl rubber blend system. Experimental results clearly show that the equal-viscosity-mixing procedure has effectively enhanced the fractural and damping properties of the elastomer blends

A series of 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazines [e.g., 2-allylamino-(ADT), diallylamino-(DADT), 2-N-p-allyloxyphenylamino-, 2-N-allyl-N-phenylamino-, and 2-N-allyl-N-p-tolylamino-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine] was synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. These monomers have chlorine atoms that can react with NH2or OH groups and double bonds capable of copolymerization. Aniline reacted readily with ADT and DADT, ethanol reacted with ADT, but acetone, H2O, and DMF did not react with either triazine. It appears that ADT or DADT will react with dentinal collagen through NH2or OH groups in the peptide side-chains. An aprotic solvent should be used for ADT or DADT, but absolute dryness in clinical usage is not essential because of the slow hydrolysis of ADT and DADT. Stability of the N-di-substituted amino derivative (DADT) is greater than that of the mono-substituted compound (ADT), which may isomerize. ADT and methyl methacrylate were copolymerized at 37°C with amine-peroxide. ADT solutions enhanced the adhesive strength of restorative resin to dentin. Thus, monomers such as ADT and DADT appear to be promising dentin-bonding agents.

A single picosecond GaAs photoconductive switch is used to pulse excite a microwave resonant cavity, generating various microwave waveforms. The generation of over 7 kW, with peak to peak voltage over 1.2 kV, of broadband microwave bursts is demonstrated.

Selective elimination of mercury in water solution by biopolymers chemically modified by grafting thiol groups is described. Water-insoluble adsorbants (cellulose and corn-stick chemically modified) show high adsorption capacity of mercury (920 mg and 980 mg/g of adsorbant). Influence of pH and initial concentration of mercury on optimum elimination of mercury is reported. A mechanism of adsorption is proposed. In the presence of water-soluble complexing agents derived from dextran and using the ultrafiltration technique, the adsorption capacity of mercury is lower (430 mg/g of modified dextran). However, by using a Sartorius module and a high permeable membrane, the mercury concentration decreases in two steps, from 53 ppm down to 200 ppb.

1. Citrated platelet-rich plasma from human donors was used to examine turbidometrically the platelet aggregation response to collagen (2.5 micrograms ml-1) and ADP (1.6 microgram ml-1). 2. With collagen as an aggregating agent, the limited (35% maximal inhibition) inhibitory effects of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 0.78-50 micrograms ml-1) were markedly potentiated by threshold (3.3-10 ng ml-1) concentrations of RS93427, an orally active prostacyclin-mimetic. Almost complete inhibition of aggregation could then be produced. 3. A threshold concentration of RS93427 (3.3 ng ml-1) similarly potentiated the ability of sodium nitroprusside (NaNp, 0.78-10 micrograms ml-1) to inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation. There was an 8 fold reduction in the IC25 concentration of NaNp. 4. Threshold concentrations of the nitrodilators were also able to potentiate the anti-aggregatory effects of RS93427 (0.03-30 ng ml-1) on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. With threshold concentrations of either GTN (6.3-25 micrograms ml-1) or NaNp (0.3-1.3 microgram ml-1), the mean IC50 concentration of RS93427 was reduced 4 or 6 fold, respectively, while the IC25 concentration was reduced 6 or 10 fold, respectively. 5. No similar synergistic interactions were seen between RS93427 and the nitrodilators when ADP was used as an aggregating agent. 6. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the dose-response for the hypotensive response to bolus doses of RS93427 was not altered by concomitant steady state infusion of a threshold dose (1 micrograms kg-1 min-1) of GTN. 7. Possible therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.

A digital NTSC decoder was developed for separating a composite video signal into its digital component signals without using multipliers for colour demodulation. The coherent detection scheme was realized in real time and is shown to provide good performance. >

Torsion of ovarian tumors occurred predominantly in the reproductive age group. The majority of the cases presented in pregnant (22.7%) than in non-pregnant (6.1%) women. The major presenting symptom was pain but an abdominal mass was palpable in 79.4% of cases. Torsion was more common on the right ovary and 50% were gangrenous at laparotomy. Most of the tumors were benign cystic teratomas. Only 8.7% of the tumors were malignant.

This report documents the RETRAN analysis of Semiscale tests S-02-8 nd S-06-4. Both experiments were 200% double ended cold leg break blowdowns and the latter included ECC injections of HPIS, accumulator, and LPIS flows. The results of test S-02-8 are compared to the previous RELAP4 analysis used for the Standard Problem 5 submittal. The results of both analyses are also compared to the experimental data. The results of this report demonstrate the ability of RETRAN to predict large break blowdowns. The sensitivity of core heater rod temperature response to break flow and nodalization is demonstrated. Several recommendations for code and model development are discussed.

A new type of floating breakwater composed of net-tubes and buoy-balls is presented in this paper. A series of model studies have been carried out for several arrangements of this structure. As wave damping effect is concerned, a case that the structure being set vertically is shown to be better than the one being set horizontally, while more than two rows of the structures are set vertically and separately, a case which being connected with ropes between adjoining rows is proved to be better than the case without connecting ropes.

A patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia who developed widespread bone marrow necrosis associated wtih evolution of a new cell clone and with aggressive behaviour of the myeloid tumour in extramedullary sites is described. Cell necrosis in extramedullary tumours was also present; the sharp demarcation between zones of necrotic cells and intact cells and the histological evidence of vascular invasion by tumour cells suggest a vascular basis for cell necrosis.

The preparation of butyryl adenylate (BuAMP) from butyric anhydride and AMP and some of the properties of this compound are described. Synthetic BuAMP is able to react with pyrophosphate to form ATP and with CoA to form butyryl CoA when incubated in presence of the fatty acid activating enzyme from beef liver. Butyryl CoA formation from BuAMP occurs at a rate which is compatible with the concept that BuAMP is a true intermediate in the overall reaction of butyrate activation by ATP and CoA.

Reliable multicast services in a group of autonomous distributed processes/sites are desirable to maintain the consistent state of shared information accessed by transactions in distributed systems. Many existing protocols are complicated and thus quite expensive and not efficient for availability of distributed systems. This paper discusses the design and implementations of a new logical token ring based multicast communications services. It provides total ordering, atomicity of multicast messages membership and fault-tolerant services in the presence of sites fail stop and network partitioning. An unique feature of the protocol is that all members, knowing exactly, in the group, who holds the token, are able to detect right order of a multicast message, thereby, reducing the synchronous overhead, preventing possible token loss problems and minimizing control messages. The services are implemented by using finite state machine approach and they are highly efficient comparing with related services in the same network settings.

A series of Co-Cr multilayer thin films with varying layer thicknesses have been fabricated in a dual e-beam vacuum system. The structural dependence on substrate temperature and layer thickness was studied with X-ray scattering and electron microscopy. Co changes its direction of growth at ≈ 35 A with no indication of any bcc Co. The magnetic properties were measured from 4.5 to 300 K in fields up to 25 kOe.

A pseudo-feedforward method is proposed for adapting an incremental self-tuning controller to reject periodic disturbances. The algorithm begins with an estimate of the disturbance frequency. The amplitude and phase of the disturbance are estimated by augmenting the parameter estimation vector. The estimated disturbance can then be used as a feedforward term with the self-tuning controller. A second stage allows for the estimate of the disturbance frequency to be improved using the estimated amplitude. The algorithm has been shown to be robust in simulation examples and on a pilot heat exchanger.

Background The alveolates include a large number of important lineages of protists and algae, among which are three major eukaryotic groups: ciliates, apicomplexans and dinoflagellates. Collectively alveolates are present in virtually every environment and include a vast diversity of cell shapes, molecular and cellular features and feeding modes including lifestyles such as phototrophy, phagotrophy/predation and intracellular parasitism, in addition to a variety of symbiotic associations. Oxyrrhis marina is a well-known model for heterotrophic protist biology, and is now emerging as a useful organism to explore the many changes that occurred during the origin and diversification of dinoflagellates by virtue of its phylogenetic position at the base of the dinoflagellate tree. Results We have generated and analysed expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from the alveolate Oxyrrhis marina in order to shed light on the evolution of a number of dinoflagellate characteristics, especially regarding the emergence of highly unusual genomic features. We found that O. marina harbours extensive gene redundancy, indicating high rates of gene duplication and transcription from multiple genomic loci. In addition, we observed a correlation between expression level and copy number in several genes, suggesting that copy number may contribute to determining transcript levels for some genes. Finally, we analyze the genes and predicted products of the recently discovered Dinoflagellate Viral Nuclear Protein, and several cases of horizontally acquired genes. Conclusion The dataset presented here has proven very valuable for studying this important group of protists. Our analysis indicates that gene redundancy is a pervasive feature of dinoflagellate genomes, thus the mechanisms involved in its generation must have arisen early in the evolution of the group.

International audience; This paper outlines how corpora (in printed, electronic or multi-modal form) can be used in language learning, an area often referred to as "data-driven learning" or DDL (Johns 1991). The alleged advantages are numerous, but are in need of empirical support which is frequently claimed to be lacking in the field. However, over 80 studies have so far attempted to evaluate some aspect of corpus use by non-native speakers (Boulton 2010): these are briefly reviewed as a whole, highlighting the general findings without ignoring problems. Empirical research is essential for the credibility of any aspect of language teaching and learning, and traditionally divides between qualitative and quantitative approaches (e.g. Richards 2009; Lazaraton 2005). Neither however is without its difficulties, as DDL research shows: quantitative studies tend to smooth over individual differences, and experimental design often leads to small or non-significant results; qualitative research can be difficult to interpret and extend beyond the initial context. The results of empirical DDL research are then reanalysed in the light of complex / dynamic systems theory (e.g. de Bot 2008; Larsen-Freeman & Cameron 2008), which allows for greater blending of qualitative and quantitative research methods, and better integration and evaluation of real classroom use.