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The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) upon the topical absorption of vasopressin and adrenocorticotropin (corticotropin) in the rat and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) in the frog were investigated. At a dose approximately 20,000 times that used intravenously, vasopressin absorption was slightly increased in one third of the rats by the application of DMSO, while corticotropin absorption was unaffected. The topical absorption of MSH in the frog was increased by DMSO in three of five experiments at a dose of MSH several hundred times that used in dorsal lymph sac injection. The small increase in topical absorption of these hormones seen in some animals after the application of DMSO, therefore, required extremely large doses.

WE have recently found that the decrease of ascorbic acid concentration of rats' adrenals due to epinephrine is smaller in rats to which pituitrin has been administered and in dehydrated rats than in normal rats1. This suggests that the posterior pituitary hormone depresses the adrenal cortical activity. The questions arise, whether the posterior pituitary hormone acts directly on the adrenal or indirectly through the depression of the anterior pituitary secretion, and which fraction of the posterior pituitary hormone, pressor or oxytocic, is responsible for this effect. The present work was undertaken to clarify these points.

The recent discovery of EPPNB occupation at Tell Ain el-Kerkh (ca 9 400-9 200 uncal. BP) in northwest Syria provides a new perspective of the early stage of Neolithisation in the north Levant. The archaeological evidence from Kerkh shows first that the earliest Neolithic occupation in northwest Syria goes back to the EPPNB period and revises the generally accepted hypothesis that the Neolithisation in this region started in the LPPNB. In addition, the narrow naviform cores and Aswad points evidenced at Kerkh appear to be chronological markers of this period and imply the existence of other earlier PPNB sites in northwest Syria. When comparing the subsistence economy and the chipped stone industry of Kerkh with those of other contemporary sites, regional variations between the EPPNB sites become clear and possibly indicate the importance of local traditions in the development of the PPNB cultural horizon. Discovery of an EPPNB site in northwest Syria is also interesting in considering the origin of Cypriot PPN culture, but at the moment direct relationships between Kerkh and Cypriot PPN sites are rare., Au nord-ouest de la Syrie, la découverte d’occupations du niveau du PPNB ancien à Tell Ain el-Kerkh (ca 9 400-9 200 BP) fournit une perspective nouvelle sur la première étape de la néolithisation au Levant nord. Les données archéologiques de Kerkh montrent pour la première fois que l’installation néolithique la plus ancienne remonterait au PPNB ancien. Ceci modifie l’hypothèse généralement acceptée que, dans cette région, la néolithisation a commencé à partir du PPNB récent. En effet, les nucléus naviformes très étroits et les pointes d’Aswad trouvés à Kerkh seraient des marqueurs chronologiques de cette période. Leur présence sur d’autres sites suggère l’existence de sites contemporains dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie. Lorsque l’on compare l’économie de subsistance et les industries lithiques de Kerkh avec celles des autres sites contemporains, une variation régionale entre les sites PPNB ancien apparaît plus clairement. Cela peut suggérer également que des traditions locales se seraient largement développées sur l’horizon culturel du PPNB. Cette découverte d’un site PPNB ancien en Syrie du nord-ouest apporte des éléments permettant de nourrir la réflexion sur l’origine de la culture PPN à Chypre: cependant, pour l’instant les relations claires entre Kerkh et les sites PPN chypriotes restent rares., Tsuneki Akira,Arimura Makoto,Maeda Osamu,Tanno Ken'ichi,Anezaki TomokoTsuneki Akira, Arimura Makoto, Maeda Osamu, Tanno Ken'ichi, Anezaki Tomoko. The Early PPNB in The North Levant : A New Perspective from Tell Ain el-Kerkh, Northwest Syria. In: Paléorient, 2006, vol. 32, n°1. pp. 47-71.

Part I. The Interactions Between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems. The Hypothalamus as an Endocrine Organ: The Science of Neuroendocrinology, Bela Halasz. Micro- and Macroscopic Structure, Innervation, and Vasculature of the Hypothalamus, Miklos Palkovits. Hypothalamic Hormones, Akira Arimura. Neurotransmitters as Regulators of Hypothalamic Function, Paul V. Malven. The Hypothalamus as a Major Integrative Center, Jon E. Levine. Endocrine Targets in the Brain, Lothar Jennes and M. Chris Langub. Part II. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction Parturition, Lactation, Growth, Development, Metabolism, and Fluid Balance. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Pituitary Function: General Principles, George Fink. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Cyclicity, Neena Schwartz. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Pregnancy and Parturition, John R. G. Challis. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Lactation and Milk Ejection, H. Allen Tucker. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion, William B. Wehrenberg and Andrea Giustina. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Puberty, Sergio Ojeda and Marie Bilger. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Thyroid Function, William J. DeVito. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Water Balance: Kidney, Leonard Share and Edward G. Schneider. Part III. Neuroendocrine Correlates of Stress, Behavior, and Biological Processes. Regulation of the Stress Response by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors, Richard L. Hauger and Frank M. Dautzenberg. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Sexual Behavior, Donald W. Pfaff, Nandini Vasudevan, and Barbara Attardi. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Maternal Behavior, Robert S. Bridges and Elizabeth M. Byrnes. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Fluid Intake and Homeostasis, Joseph G. Verbalis and Edward M. Stricker. Control of Food Intake, Peter J. Havel, Philip J. Larsen, and Judy L. Cameron. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Learning and Memory, Tj. B. van Wimersma Greidanus, G. Croiset, and David de Wied. Neuroendocrine Correlates of Aging, Phyllis M.Wise. Part IV. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Biological Rhythms. Chronobiology, Gene D. Block, Marie Kerbeshian, and Erik D. Herzog. Influence of Light and the Pineal Gland on Biological Rhythms, Henryk F. Urbanski. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Biological Rhythms, Nancy L. Wayne. The Neuroendocrine Control of Seasonal Rhythms, Benoit Malpaux. The Neuroendocrine Control of Ultradian Rhythms, Johannes D. Veldhuis. Part V. Neuroendocrine Pathology Disease. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothalamic Disease, Marcello D. Bronstein, Malebranche B. C. Cunha Neto, and Nina Rosa de C. Musolino. Hypothalamic Involvement in Disorders of Pituitary Hormone Secretion, Ilan Shimon and Shlomo Melmed. Part VI. Emerging Areas of Neuroendocrinology. Neuroendocrine Immunology, Charles V. Clevenger and Loretta M. Flanagan-Cato. Electrophysiology of Hypothalamic Neurons, F. Edward Dudek, Bret N. Smith, Kelly J. Suter, and Jean-Pierre Wuarin. Anatomical Markers of Activity in Hypothalamic Systems, Gloria E. Hoffman and Anne Z. Murphy. Index.