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The purpose of this chapter is to contribute to our understanding of how subnational democratization occurs by undertaking a comparative historical analysis of three Argentine provinces that faced federal intervention in the second and third decades after national democratization. In it I aim to identify some of the areas in which illiberal political structures and practices can be expected to democratize in the face of an external shock (federal intervention) and some of the areas in which we are more likely to observe resilience. The chapter has a long-term perspective that does not focus exclusively on the period immediately after the federal intervention but rather assesses the political changes that occurred at least a decade after federal intervention. This long-term perspective allows me to take into account the possibility of decreasing effects or, on the contrary, of effects that become evident only with the lapse of time (Pierson 2004). The evidence presented in the chapter suggests that federal intervention can dismantle repressive political structures and practices, put an end to human rights violations and state-protected violence (for example, by the police), and bring about alternation in office in the short term. However, the case studies show that federal intervention alone is unlikely to put an end to family politics, state capture, and the interdependence between the three branches of government, which should (ideally) be separate and function as checks and balances. Fil: Behrend, Jacqueline Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Política y Gobierno; Argentina

This chapter aims at analyzing the relationship between recall procedures and democratic representation and participation. Based on the Latin American experience and on recent findings in political theory, I propose to understand recall as an instrument against the grain of contemporary transformations of democracy. The first part of the chapter discusses the potential improvement of democratic accountability through recall procedures by strengthening political actors? incentives to keep their campaign promises, within the context of what I call "post-promissory representation". The second part examines the capacity of recalls to institutionalize the expression of refusal towards decisions or actions of representatives, in a context of increasingly negative and spontaneous citizen participation. Finally, this chapter recommends enhancing deliberation and communication between representatives and citizens, which appears as a form of responsiveness more adapted to contemporary democracies than the recall seems to be. Fil: Annunziata, Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina

This book is part of an excellent 5 book series dealing with democratization. In this particular tome, different perspectives are used to explain the transition from authoritarianism to democracy. The importance of international actors, bureaucracies, entrepreneurs, the military, and economic conditions are examined to explain how transitions take place. Although some perspectives are county specific, all of them can be expanded to explain many cases around the world. Despite the unique contexts of transitions in individual countries, significant points of comparison emerge -- such as the influence of foreign nations and the role of agents outside the government. These analyses explore both intra- and inter-regional similarities and differences. All of the authors are experts in the field. International aspects of democratization / Laurence Whitehead -- Some problems in the study of the transition to democracy / Adam Przeworski -- Paths toward redemocratization / Alfred Stepan -- Liberalization and democratization in South America / Robert R. Kaufman -- Demilitarization and the institutionalization of military-dominated polities in Latin America / Alain Rouquié -- Entrepreneurs and the transition process / Fernando H. Cardoso -- Economic policies and the prospects for successful transition from authoriatarian rule in Latin America / John Sheahan