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Objective Defining the distribution of sweet spots in tight reservoirs is the focus of tight oil and gas exploration. Methods Using core observation, thin section identification, X-ray diffraction, homogenization temperature measurements of inclusions, and conventional physical property analysis, the sedimentary characteristics, reservoir characteristics, and diagenesis of Upper Palaeozoic tight sandstones in the Binchang area, southern Ordos Basin were studied in detail.The main controlling factors of reservoir formation were identified and the development model of high-quality reservoirs was established. Results The results show that sedimentary facies are the basis of reservoir formation, and the core beach microfacies of the braided river delta plain have coarse grain sizes, small pore-medium-fine throat pore structures, and relatively good reservoir physical properties. The underwater distributary channel and estuary bar in front of the meandering river delta have fine grain sizes and pore throat structures of micropore-microat throat pore structure, and the reservoir's physical properties are relatively poor. Diagenesis plays an important role in controlling the development and distribution of high-quality reservoirs. Intermittent volcanic tuff is transformed into kaolinite in acidic strata and altered into chlorite sheaths in alkaline strata, which inhibits quartz overgrowth and calcite cementation and protects the reservoir space. The secondary enlargement of quartz is mainly caused by the leaching of SiO2 from mudstone to sandstone.The main reasons for the cementation of calcite roof and floor are the filling of feldspar and the dissolution of cuttings in the middle and late stages of calcite. The microfractures formed by late tectonic transformation have no calcite cementation, which improves the physical properties of the reservoir and plays an adjusting role in the gas reservoir. There are two solution pore development zones near burial depths of 3 750 m and 3 900 m in the Binchang area. The optimal reservoir is the medium-coarse-grained sandstone rich in chlorite mantle formed by the transformation of volcanic tuffaceous matter in the dissolution pore development zone. The sub-optimal reservoir is mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the sand body with a greater single-body thickness, cyclicity and no mudstone interval in the dissolution pore development zone.This zone is composed mainly of medium-coarse-grained sandstone lacking chlorite film, calcite cementation and secondary enlargement of quartz are the lowest. Conclusion These research results further increase the understanding of the genesis of the development of high-quality tight sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Palaeozoic, providing important guidance for natural gas exploration and development in this area.

Abstract Background The maintenance dosage of selexipag is categorized as low, medium or high. In order to assess the efficacy and safety of different dosages of selexipag for the risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods Studies assessing PAH risk stratification indices, such as the World Health Organization functional class (WHO‐FC), six‐minute walk distance (6MWD), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level, right atrial pressure (RAP), cardiac index (CI) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), were included. Results Thirteen studies were included. Selexipag led to improvements in the 6MWD (MD: 24.20 m, 95% CI: 10.74–37.67), NT‐proBNP (SMD: −0.41, 95% CI: −0.79–0.04), CI (MD: 0.47 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77) and WHO‐FC (OR: 0.564, 95% CI: 0.457–0.697). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that all three dosages improved the 6MWD. A moderate dosage led to improvements in the CI (MD: 0.30 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.15–0.46) and WHO‐FC (OR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.376–0.922). Within 6 months of treatment, only the WHO‐FC and CI were significantly improved (OR: 0.614, 95% CI: 0.380–0.993; MD: 0.30 L/min/m2, 95% CI: 0.16–0.45, respectively). More than 6 months of treatment significantly improved the 6MWD, WHO‐FC and NT‐proBNP (MD: 40.87 m, 95% CI: 10.97–70.77; OR: 0.557, 95% CI: 0.440–0.705; SMD: −0.61, 95% CI: −1.17–0.05, respectively). Conclusions Low, medium, and high dosages of selexipag all exhibited good effects. When treatment lasted for more than 6 months, selexipag exerted obvious effects, even in the low‐dosage group. This finding is important for guiding individualized treatments.

In high-speed cigarette manufacturing industries, occasional minor cosmetic cigarette defects and a scarcity of samples significantly hinder the rapid and accurate detection of defects. To tackle this challenge, we propose an enhanced single-shot multibox detector (SSD) model that uses variational Bayesian inference for improved detection of tiny defects given sporadic occurrences and limited samples. The enhanced SSD model incorporates a bounded intersection over union (BIoU) loss function to reduce sensitivity to minor deviations and uses exponential linear unit (ELU) and leaky rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation functions to mitigate vanishing gradients and neuron death in deep neural networks. Empirical results show that the enhanced SSD300 and SSD512 models increase the model's detection accuracy mean average precision (mAP) by up to 1.2% for small defects. Ablation studies further reveal that the model's mAP increases by 1.5%, which reduces the computational requirements by 5.92 GFLOPs. The model also shows improved inference in scenarios with limited samples, thus highlighting its effectiveness and applicability in high-speed, precision-oriented cigarette manufacturing industries.

This study aims to explore the application of deep learning models in multi-track music generation to enhance the efficiency and quality of music production. Considering the limited capability of traditional methods in extracting and representing audio features, a multi-track music generation model based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) Transformer network is proposed. This model first utilizes the BERT model to encode and represent music data, capturing semantic and emotional information within the music data. Subsequently, the encoded music features are inputted into the Transformer network to learn the temporal relationships and structural patterns among music sequences, thereby generating new multi-track music compositions. The performance of this model is evaluated, revealing that compared to other algorithms, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 95.98% in music generation prediction, with an improvement in precision by 4.77%. Particularly, the model demonstrates significant advantages in predicting pitch of music tracks. Hence, the multi-track music generation model proposed in this study exhibits excellent performance in accuracy and pitch prediction, offering valuable experimental reference for research and practice in the field of multi-track music generation.

Abstract Realization of stable and industrial-level H2O2 electroproduction still faces great challenge due large partly to the easy decomposition of H2O2. Herein, a two-dimensional dithiine-linked phthalocyaninato cobalt (CoPc)-based covalent organic framework (COF), CoPc-S-COF, was afforded from the reaction of hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato cobalt (II) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetrathiol. Introduction of the sulfur atoms with large atomic radius and two lone-pairs of electrons in the C-S-C linking unit leads to an undulated layered structure and an increased electron density of the Co center for CoPc-S-COF according to a series of experiments in combination with theoretical calculations. The former structural effect allows the exposition of more Co sites to enhance the COF catalytic performance, while the latter electronic effect activates the 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) but deactivates the H2O2 decomposition capability of the same Co center, as a total result enabling CoPc-S-COF to display good electrocatalytic H2O2 production performance with a remarkable H2O2 selectivity of >95% and a stable H2O2 production with a concentration of 0.48 wt% under a high current density of 125 mA cm−2 at an applied potential of ca. 0.67 V versus RHE for 20 h in a flow cell, representing the thus far reported best H2O2 synthesis COFs electrocatalysts.

Introduction: Pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant salivary gland-type tumor characterized by a dormant onset and slow progression, often leading to misdiagnosis. Due to its rarity, limited cases have been reported in the literature. This report aimed to enhance clinicians’ understanding of this infrequent disease. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 41-year-old female patient diagnosed with PACC. Our report provides a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s imaging, pathology, and treatment, with a particular focus on immunohistochemical results. Importantly, we emphasize the significance of considering foreign bodies and tumors in the bronchus when encountering asthma-like symptoms unresponsive to conventional treatments. Due to the uncertain etiology and pathophysiology of PACC, there are currently no established guidelines for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: PACC predominantly manifests as bronchial lesions without significant clinical heterogeneity. Therefore, it is crucial to consider foreign bodies and tumors in the bronchus when dealing with asthma-like symptoms, especially in patients without chronic lung disease who do not respond to anti-infective, antispasmodic, and antiasthmatic treatments. Additionally, meticulous examination of lesions is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving patient survival rates.

Osteoarthritis (OA) etiology is multifactorial, and its prevalence is growing globally. The Gut microbiota shapes our immune system and impacts all aspects of health and disease. The idea of utilizing probiotics to treat different conditions prevails. Concerning musculoskeletal illness and health, current data lack the link to understand the interactions between the host and microbiome. We report that S. thermophilus, L. pentosus (as probiotics), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) harbour against osteoarthritis in vivo and alleviate IL-1β induced changes in chondrocytes in vitro. We examined the increased GABA concentration in mice's serum and small intestine content followed by bacterial treatment. The treatment inhibited the catabolism of cartilage and rescued mice joints from degradation. Furthermore, the anabolic markers upregulated and decreased inflammatory markers in mice knee joints and chondrocytes. This study is the first to represent GABA's chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects on joints and human chondrocytes. This data provides a foundation for future studies to elucidate the role of GABA in regulating chondrocyte cell proliferation. These findings opened future horizons to understanding the gut-joint axis and OA treatment. Thus, probiotic/GABA therapy shields OA joints in mice and could at least serve as adjuvant therapy to treat osteoarthritis.

Cartilage development is controlled by the highly synergistic proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes, in which the Indian hedgehog (IHH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein-parathyroid hormone-1 receptor (PTHrP-PTH1R) feedback loop is crucial. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box-binding protein-1 spliced (IRE1α/XBP1s) branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for normal cartilage development. However, the precise role of ER stress effector IRE1α, encoded by endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), in skeletal development remains unknown. Herein, we reported that loss of IRE1α accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy and promotes endochondral bone growth. ERN1 acts as a negative regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in postnatal growth plates. Its deficiency interrupted PTHrP/PTH1R and IHH homeostasis leading to impaired chondrocyte hypertrophy and differentiation. XBP1s, produced by p-IRE1α-mediated splicing, binds and up-regulates PTH1R and IHH, which coordinate cartilage development. Meanwhile, ER stress cannot be activated normally in ERN1-deficient chondrocytes. In conclusion, ERN1 deficiency accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage mineralization by impairing the homeostasis of the IHH and PTHrP/PTH1R feedback loop and ER stress. ERN1 may have a potential role as a new target for cartilage growth and maturation.

The importance of a transportation terminal's transfer efficiency to passengers is well known. However, it is still a problem of how to combine the various indicators into a single indicator that can be used to quickly compare transportation terminals' transfer efficiency and identify those terminals in need of intervention. This paper presents a study that is reflective of such an effort. Using the transfer data obtained from 10 transportation terminals in Beijing, the individual performance measures were combined into a single comprehensive measure through the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Efficiency is allowed to be measured by DEA when decision making units have multiple inputs and multiple outputs. The input variables are the transfer area, operating expense, (the number of) staff in the terminal and the capacity of buses. The output variables are measured by the transfer safety and average transfer time of all the transfer passengers. This paper gained the efficiency order of the 10 transportation terminals in Beijing, and provides the potential improvements of each efficiency indicators. The findings and limitations of DEA are also discussed. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000028 CE Database subject headings: Data analysis; Terminal facilities; Public transportation; Urban areas; China. Author keywords: Transfer efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; Intermodal transportation terminal.

The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of ketamine [a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist] have not been identified. We observed that ketamine rapidly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to increased synaptic signaling proteins and increased number and function of new spine synapses in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Moreover, blockade of mTOR signaling completely blocked ketamine induction of synaptogenesis and behavioral responses in models of depression. Our results demonstrate that these effects of ketamine are opposite to the synaptic deficits that result from exposure to stress and could contribute to the fast antidepressant actions of ketamine. 10.1126/science.1190287

Through employing an external mirror that is tilted by an angle [beta] = [lambda]/2d in the external cavity, whose round-trip cavity length is one-half a Talbot distance, a laser diode array (LDA) is made to oscillate with only an in-phase supermode. This makes the far-field distribution of the LDA have a central-single-lobe far-field pattern, and it also makes the output from the LDA be nearly diffraction limited. However, if the phase-locked output energy from the LDA is extremely high, then the thermal radiation from the output deforms the external mirror stochastically. This makes the tilt angle ([beta]) mismatched to the in-phase supermode, which results in undesirable supermode oscillations; so the far-field distribution of the LDA is no longer a central-single-lobe far-field pattern. Naturally, the intensity of the output from the LDA is attenuated, and the divergence loss is worsened. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken to guarantee the quality of the phase-locked output from the LDA. Accordingly, after analysis of the deformation of the external mirror, a novel one-spot and multispot processing (OMP) technology is developed. With special sensors, deformation of the external mirror is ascertained as a function of time. Then the deformation is compensated by appropriate equipment, which counteracts any bad influence on the angle [beta]. The experiment significantly demonstrates that only the in-phase supermode oscillated in an extremely high-energy LDA after the implementation of OMP, allowing such lasers to satisfy the requirements of high-quality laser applications. OCIS codes: 140.2010, 140.3425, 230.6080.