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Purely organic emitters have shown great potential but still suffer from low efficiency in near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLEDs) due to the intensive non-radiative recombination. In this contribution, two pairs of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) enantiomers (R/S-DOBP and R/S-HDOBP) with tetracoordinate boron geometries were designed and synthesized. The TADF emitters simultaneously showed aggregation-induced emission, circularly polarized luminescence, high-contrast mechanochromism, and piezochromism behaviors. More importantly, R/S-DOBP and R/S-HDOBP revealed high photoluminescence quantum yields and efficient reverse intersystem crossing in neat films. The nondoped solution-processed OLEDs based on these unique emitters revealed the NIR emission (peaking at 716 nm) with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.9 % and high exciton utilization efficiency of 86 %, which represent one of the best solution-processed nondoped NIR-OLEDs., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The development of photosensitizers with low oxygen dependence for generating type I ROS is in high demand to be able to treat pathogenic infections in hypoxic conditions. Here, we report a series of cationic bipolar hemicyanines (C3, C6, and C10) with alkyl linkers of varying lengths that are found to exclusively produce hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals with the aid of white light and that have different antibacterial abilities toward a variety of pathogens. Furthermore, hemicyanines could differentiate live from dead bacteria to track the status of pathogens in real time. It is expected that hemicyanines could be applied for combatting various microbial infections in hypoxia and real-time tracking.

Rationally utilizing and developing synthetic units is of particular significance for the design of high-performance non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). Here, a thieno[3 , 2- b ]pyrrole synthetic unit was employed to develop a set of SMAs (ThPy1, ThPy2, ThPy3 and ThPy4) by changing the number or the position of the pyrrole ring in the central core based on a standard SMA of IT-4Cl, compared to which the four thieno[3 , 2- b ]pyrrole-based acceptors exhibit bathochromic absorption and upshifted frontier orbital energy level due to the strong electron-donating ability of pyrrole. As a result, the polymer solar cells (PSCs) of the four thieno[3 , 2- b ]pyrrole-based acceptors yield higher open-circuit voltage and lower energy loss relative to those of the IT-4Cl-based device. What is more, the ThPy3-based device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (15.3%) and an outstanding fill factor (FF) (0.771) that are superior to the IT-4Cl-based device (PCE = 12.6%, FF = 0.758). The ThPy4-based device realizes the lowest energy loss and the smallest optical band gap, and the ternary PSC device based on PM6:BTP-eC9:ThPy4 exhibits a PCE of 18.43% and a FF of 0.802. Overall, this work sheds light on the great potential of thieno[3,2- b ]pyrrole-based SMAs in realizing low energy loss and high PCE., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Nanogenerator (triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator) has experienced a rapid development since it was proposed. This technique can covert various mechanical energies into electric energy, including human motion energy, wind energy, acoustic energy and ocean energy. The converted electricity can be used for health monitoring and physiological function regulation, such as pulse detection, bioelectrical stimulation and cardiac pacing. This review summarizes the structure, working mechanism, output performance of nanogenerator and its latest progress in circulatory system, nervous system, biological tissue, sleep and rescue system. Additionally, a further analysis was also made on the application challenge of nanogenerator in clinical treatment. In the future, nanogenerator is expected to be an auxiliary power source, or even to replace battery to power medical electronic device and realize the self-powered health monitoring and physiological function regulation of human body.

After entering a cell, most small molecule fluorescent probes are dispersed in the cytoplasm before they then accumulate in a specific organelle or subcellular zone. Molecules that can enter two or more organelles with high selectivity are all but unknown. In this work, we report a naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe, NIM-7 , that allows lipid droplets and lysosomes to be labelled simultaneously and with high specificity. These subcellular entities can then be visualized readily through yellow and red fluorescence, using different excitation and detection channels. NIM-7 allows 3D imaging and quantitative visualizing of lipid droplets and lysosomes. It is also able to track simultaneously the movement of lipid droplets and lysosomes in real-time. We also report here that NIM-7 can be used to image both different cell lines and zebrafish embryos.

A Brønsted acid promoted C-C bond cleavage method for the synthesis of novel 2-amino-5-aroylmethylthiazole derivatives has been directly developed from 1,4-enediones and thioureas through self-sequenced thio-Michael-addition, intramolecular selective cyclization, dehydration/aromatization, and C-C bond cleavage reactions. It is noteworthy that this reaction has significant advantages in simple reagents, under environmentally benign conditions and with excellent yields. This highly efficient method is also a highly attractive alternative for the preparation of PLTP, CETP inhibitors and novel biheterocycles.

The separation, capture, and storage of CO2 , the major greenhouse gas, from industrial gas streams has received considerable attention in recent years because of concerns about environmental effects of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. An emerging area of research utilizes reversible CO2 sorbents to increase conversion and rate of forward reactions for equilibrium-controlled reactions (sorption-enhanced reactions). Little fundamental information, however, is known about the nature of the sorbent surface sites, sorbent surface-CO2 complexes, and the CO2 adsorption/desorption mechanisms. The present study directly spectroscopically monitors Na2 O/Al2 O3 sorbent-CO2 surface complexes during adsorption/desorption with simultaneous analysis of desorbed CO2 gas, allowing establishment of molecular level structure-sorption relationships between individual surface carbonate complexes and the CO2 working capacity of sorbents at different temperatures., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The title compound, [Ni(C(23)H(20)Cl(4)N(2)O(2))], has an Ni(II) ion in a square-planar coordination formed by two imine N and two phenolato O atoms.

A certain percentage of patients complain of "glare" at night after undergoing a refractive surgical procedure. When patients speak of glare they are, technically, describing a decrease in quality of vision secondary to glare disability, decreased contrast sensitivity, and image degradations, or more succinctly, "night vision disturbances." The definitions, differences, and methods of measurement of such vision disturbances after refractive surgery are described in our article. In most cases of corneal refractive surgery, there is a significant increase in vision disturbances immediately following the procedure. The majority of patients improve between 6 months to 1 year post-surgery. The relation between pupil size and the optical clear zone are most important in minimizing these disturbances in RK. In PRK and LASIK, pupil size and the ablation diameter size and location are the major factors involved. Treatment options for disabling glare are also discussed. With the exponential increase of patients having refractive surgery, the increase of patients complaining of scotopic or mesopic vision disturbances may become a major public health issue in the near future. Currently, however, there are no gold-standard clinical tests available to measure glare disability, contrast sensitivity, or image degradations. Standardization is essential for objective measurement and follow-up to further our understanding of the effects of these surgeries on the optical system and thus, hopefully, allow for modification of our techniques to decrease or eliminate post-refractive vision disturbances.

We present a case of a patient with scleritis and the fibromyalgia syndrome. Scleritis and the fibromyalgia syndrome are both thought to be caused by an immunological process. This is the first report of a possible association of scleritis and the fibromyalgia syndrome. Additional cases might suggest that the fibromyalgia syndrome be added to the list of etiologies of scleritis.

Background: We previously described a simple test which evaluates image degradation in post-excimer laser (PRK) patients under scotopic conditions. After refractive surgery, corneal haze, ablation zone decentration, ablation zone/pupillary diameter disparity, and under-correction each result in a characteristic pattern on the Night Vision Recording Chart., Methods: Using the same method, further studies evaluated night vision image degradation in 118 un-operated emmetropic, myopic, hyperopic, and astigmatic eyes and in 26 contact lens wearers., Results: Scotopic image degradation increases with myopic refractive error, image displacement increases with astigmatism, and contact lens wearers have more image degradation that with spectacle correction., Conclusion: Our Night Vision Recording Chart offers a simple, reproducible method to characterize image degradation under scotopic conditions.

Background: Removal of donor corneo-scleral shell from a cadaver, leaving the remainder of the eye in place, has become a popular technique. Manual removal can result in excessive trauma to the corneal endothelium or an uneven scleral rim., Methods: We describe a new technique for corneal retrieval using a sceral suction trephine., Results: The scleral suction trephine was cut evenly in our eyebank study. There was no additional trauma to the endothelium and the scleral rim was regular., Conclusion: Suction trephination of the sclera in retrieval of corneal donor tissue appears to be safe and effective.