Search

Die Arbeitsstattenverordnung fordert eine gesundheitlich zutragliche Raumtemperatur. Diese Anforderung wird in der 2010 revidierten Arbeitsstattenregel ASR A3.5 Raumtemperatur naher spezifiziert. Die Arbeitsstattenregel ASR A3.5 findet fur alle Arten von Arbeitsplatzen im Innenraum Anwendung. Eine fruhere Fassung dieser Regel forderte, dass die Raumtemperatur 26 °C nicht uberschreiten soll. Nur im Falle von Ausentemperaturen uber 26 °C wurden hohere Raumtemperaturen im Ausnahmefall zugelassen. Im Hinblick auf Fehlinterpretationen dieser und weiterer fruherer Fassungen durch Gerichte war es das Ziel, bei der Uberarbeitung dieser Regel genauer zu erklaren, wie mit erhohten Raumtemperaturen in sommerlichen Hitzeperioden umzugehen ist. Im Vergleich zu den fruheren Fassungen der Regel verwendet die uberarbeitete Fassung ein Stufenmodell, um akzeptable Lufttemperaturen in sommerlichen Hitzeperioden zu definieren. Dabei wird dem Effekt der Adaptation an hohere Temperaturen im Sommer Rechnung getragen. Dieser Beitrag erlautert die Notwendigkeit einer Uberarbeitung, das Vorgehen bei der Uberarbeitung und die neue Regelung fur sommerliche Ausentemperaturen im Detail. The German Rule for Workplaces ASR A3.5 ‘Room Temperature’. The German Ordinance on Workplaces calls for a room temperature range beneficial to health. This requirement is specified in a revised version of the German Rule for Workplaces ASR A3.5 ‘Room Temperature’ applying for all kind of indoor workplaces. The former version of this rule laid down that the indoor air temperature shall not exceed 26 °C. During a hot summer period with outside temperatures above 26 °C the indoor air temperature may be higher as an exception. In view of misinterpretation of this former version, the aim was to explain how to deal with an elevated room temperature during a hot summer period in Germany. In comparison to the former version of this rule, the revised version defines the requirements for acceptable room temperatures in the case of high outside temperatures using a step model following the principle of the adaptation to elevated temperatures in a hot summer period. This paper explains the need for the revision, the development of the revised version including recent scientific findings and the new rule in detail.

Test cells can be used for testing the thermal performance of different passive systems and building components. Predictive methods for estimating indoor air temperatures can further enhance the number of configurations tested without increasing the amount of test cells to be built. Thus, direct comparisons can be drawn for identical background climatic conditions. In its most basic form, formulas are generated by linear regression from relatively short data sets, which provide daily indoor temperature conditions. However, for more detailed analyses, daily indoor temperature predictions may not suffice. In this paper, a method for obtaining hourly indoor air temperature predictions is proposed. It is based on rising and decreasing rates of the indoor temperature fluctuation relative to outdoors, which translates to warming or cooling trends of indoor thermal conditions. The applicability of the method is for test cells. It is a simple method yet capable of predicting the thermal behavior of complex physical processes. The method was tested using measured data from experiments in a test cell, built with conventional building materials in Brazil. Results showed high performance with mean bias of 0.27 °C to measured data and Pearson's r 0.99. When compared to traditional regression-based models, the method proposed showed better results. Resumo Células-teste permitem testar o desempenho térmico de diferentes sistemas de condicionamento térmico passivo e componentes de construção. O uso de métodos preditivos para estimar temperaturas do ar internas pode ampliar o número de configurações testadas sem aumentar a quantidade de células a serem construídas. Dessa forma, podem ser realizadas comparações diretas para condições climáticas idênticas. Em sua forma mais básica, as fórmulas são geradas por regressão linear a partir de conjuntos de dados relativamente curtos, os quais fornecem condições diárias estimadas. Contudo, em análises mais detalhadas, a estimativa diária da temperatura interna pode não ser suficiente. Neste trabalho é proposto um método para a obtenção de estimativas horárias de temperatura do ar interna, o qual se baseia no uso de um fator majorador ou redutor de alterações na temperatura interna em relação à externa, o qual reflete uma tendência de aquecimento ou de resfriamento das condições térmicas internas. A aplicabilidade do método é para células-teste. Trata-se de um método simples, porém capaz de predizer o comportamento térmico de processos termofísicos complexos. O método foi testado a partir de dados experimentais de uma célula-teste construída com materiais de construção convencionais no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram alto desempenho com erro médio de 0,27 °C para os dados medidos e correlação de Pearson de 0,99. Quando comparado a modelos de regressão, o método proposto apresenta resultados superiores.

A matched pair of 1930s semi-detached houses, in original condition and un-refurbished in terms of energy efficiency, were employed to measure the energy savings that might result from the use of zonal space heating control (ZC). The houses were adjoined and had the same synthetic, yet realistic, occupancy schedule, the same new central heating system, and were exposed to the same weather conditions. In one house the space heating was controlled conventionally (CC) according to minimum requirements in UK Building Regulation Part L1B for existing dwellings, whereas in the other house ZC was used to heat the rooms only when they were ‘occupied’. Over an 8-week winter test period, the house with ZC used 11.8% less gas despite 2.4 percentage points drop in average daily boiler efficiency. Although zonal control reduced the mean indoor air temperature of the whole house by 0.6 °C, it did not reduce the average air temperature in rooms during the hours of active ‘occupancy’. Normalisation and extrapolation of the results shows that, compared to CC, ZC could reduce annual gas demand for space heating by 12% in most regions of the UK, and that ZC would be a more effective energy efficiency measure in homes in the cooler, more northerly regions of the UK.

Mosques are distinguished from other types of buildings by having an intermittent operation schedule. They are partially or fully occupied five times a day and the maximum occupancy is expected to occur on Friday prayers. As buildings with intermittent occupancy may not perform the same thermally as typical commercial and residential facilities, thermal comfort conditions and perception of occupants have to be investigated. This paper presents the results of a study monitoring indoor environmental conditions of a mosque in order to assess thermal comfort conditions. A historic mosque, which is located in a hot and humid climatic region of Turkey, was selected as a test building and thermal comfort conditions were monitored during two Friday prayers in August and September. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were collected via data loggers. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) indices were calculated and evaluated using the ASHRAE 55-2010 standard. In addition to this, a questionnaire based on Fanger’s seven-point scale was conducted to understand the thermal sensation and preference of occupants. A comparison is provided to highlight the difference between the calculated and perceived satisfaction of occupants.