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The objectives of the study were to assess whether an in-service education program for nurses in long-term care facilities was effective in increasing the nurses' knowledge of drugs and whether the increased knowledge affected nurses' behavior regarding drug therapy monitoring.The four-phase study was conducted in two study homes and two control homes and consisted of pre-tests, inservice, post-tests, and a three-month evaluation period.The results indicate that nurses in the study homes demonstrated a statistically significant increase in drug knowledge, and this was reflected in an objective change in behavior to more appropriate monitoring of drug therapy.It may be concluded that intensive inservice education programs are an effective method for inducing behavioral changes in nurses working in long-term care settings. These changes can improve the nurses' ability to monitor and promote safe and efficacious drug therapy in long-term care facilities.

Probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) have been performed on a number of nuclear power plants, both by the NRC and industry. The NRC has used risk perspectives gained from PRAs, both in an absolute as well as a relative sense, as an aid in making decisions on plant-specific as well as generic safety issues. However, substantial uncertainties pervade present-day risk assessments, which makes the application of the results of such analyses difficult at best in the regulation of nuclear power. Nonetheless, the Commission approved in January 1983 a policy statement on safety goals for public comment and a two year evaluation period. These safety goals include quantitative design objectives which could serve in the future as risk benchmarks for use by the NRC as part of the decision making process on matters relating to nuclear safety. While the Commission's policy statement explicitly excludes the safety goals from use both in licensing cases and in regulation for the two year evaluation period, PRA will be used generically and on a plant-specific basis more and more to assess the importance of new safety issues, prioritize resources within the agency, and test the adequacy of (or in some instances the need for) NRC's regulations.

The treatment of skin disease with topical mechlorethamine has been restricted because of the frequent development of contact dermatitis. A series of 43 patients with mycosis fungoides in Stages 1A (17), IB (22), II (2), and III (2) were treated with an ointment-based mechlorethamine, prepared by an anhydrous method. Complete clearing occurred in 26 patients over a 42-month evaluation period. The incidence of contact dermatitis was very low. Only 1 of 31 patients exposed to mechlorethamine for the first time, and only 3 of 12 patients with a history of previous hypersensitivity to mechlorethamine, developed contact dermatitis to the ointment-based mechlorethamine. Cancer 52:22140-2219, 1983.

In the current hydrodynamic rainfall-runoff models the design rainfalls have been applied, the course of which may be simulated by means of several stochastic-mathematical models. The methods applied in developing the design storms with optional time position of the intensity maximum with increasing and decreasing intensity course, expressed by means of exponential equations have been analysed in this paper. The medium value of the intensity maximum time position tmax/td = 0,317 was identified in eight recording raingauge stations from the set of actual rainfalls of a five-year evaluation period.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Bruxcore Plate (BP) as a dependent measure of nocturnal bruxing activity. As part of a bruxism treatment study, we evaluated 100 nocturnal bruxers for bruxing activity before, during, and immediately after treatment and again at a six-month recall. The first 40 subjects wore both a BP and an EMG (electromyographic) unit for every night of each 14-night evaluation period (bcrseline; post-treatment; six-month recall). During the treatment period, these subjects wore the EMG unit but no Bruxcore Plates. Another 40 subjects wore the EMG unit and never used Bruxcore Plates. We evaluated a 20-subject no-treatment control group by two methods. Ten control subjects were evaluated with the EMG unit and the BP and another ten with the EMG unit alone. We hypothesized that the BP would not measure the same construct as an accepted EMG measure of bruxing activity, and that the BP would effect changes in EMG measured nocturnal bruxing activity. The results supported the conclusions that the BP did not measure the same construct as the EMG measure, and that the BP did effect changes in nocturnal bruxing activity. Correlations of BP scores with EMG data for equivalent measurement periods were low or non-existent. For the control group and the massed practice (negative practice) treatment group, there were significant interaction effects for EMG-measured bruxing episodes per hour for BP vs. no-BP Groups, with respect to measurement periods (time). Interpretation of these results indicated that BP evaluation of nocturnal bruxing activity was confounded with measurable treatment effects.

Interviews with 80 therapists and 50 patients at a community mental health center revealed that peer review effectively monitored the appropriateness of treatment and allocated limited treatment funds without unduly interfering with established treatment patterns, relationships, or outcomes. Most therapists reported receiving helpful consultation from the peer review committee, and the process encouraged them to focus more clearly on treatment goals. On the other hand, patients were concerned about the committee's role in making decisions about their treatment. Therapists noted as a problem the lack of certainty in establishing a treatment contract prior to peer review since the contract with the patient must remain fluid during the evaluation period. The therapists and patients demonstrated remarkable agreement in their assessment of treatment progress and whether further therapy was needed.

A battery of standard personality and experimental research scales was administered to 110 male alcoholic inpatients. No differences were found on the 30 scale scores derived from the tests among three groups with differential treatment dispositions: (1) those who discontinued treatment after a 2-week evaluation period; (2) those who chose to remain for a 60-day treatment program, but discontinued prior to completion; and (3) those who chose and did complete the 60-day program. It was suggested that attrition from an inpatient alcoholism program might be predicted better by a multivariate approach that used demographic, life history, psychosocial and personality variables as predictors.

During a 20- month evaluation period from July 1977 through February 1979, blood specimens from 6,656 patients were given a type and screen. One hundred and fifty-four (2.3%) of these patients required blood transfusions, and so type and screen requests were converted to crossmatch. Although irregular antibodies were detected on type and screen for five of the 154 patients, all blood transfusion outcomes were uneventful. In previous reports, a procedure to develop guidelines for ordering blood,and the efficacy and safety of the type and screen were described. For five years at the State University of New York, the type and screen has been successfully and safely used for elective-surgery patients who are unlikely to require transfusions, but for whom blood should be available on demand if needed for an unexpected hemorrhage. The type and screen is a safe, resource-conserving, practical alternative to the more expensive traditional two-unit crossmatch for surgical procedures usually not requiring a blood transfusion.

Four recently graduated nurses received three months’ training in the supervision of healthy adult surgical patients in whom surgical anaesthesia had been induced by specialist physician anaesthetists. During the course of this training the original project plan altered and the nurses assumed responsibility for administering atropine, opiates, barbiturates, and relaxant drugs. The training period was followed by a three months’ evaluation period. One object of the project was to determine whether they could be trained in three months to look after certain anaesthetized patients safely and it appeared that this was almost invariably so. Conclusions from such a small sample must be viewed with great caution but it appears from independent questionnaires that each of the nurses found the work in its final form unrewarding and that if their work had been altered to make it acceptable to them, then some of the physician anaesthetists would themselves have been unable to obtain sufficient job satisfaction. It is emphasized that adequate practical instruction rather than theoretical knowledge is necessary for non-physician personnel undertaking this type of work.

The scheduling model presented in this article is designed to use an Extension Center to reduce the size of teaching groups, to curtail the flow of students in and out of classrooms for support services and to provide on a rotating basis an observation/evaluation period for resource teachers. Following these basic ideas, elementary school principals can design similar schedules appropriate for their particular school. A schedule can be designed which accommodates the special needs of selective students and staff as well as increases teaching time. The model demonstrates scheduling practices designed to facilitate programs for gifted students and other students needing support services.

Restrictions on use of 2,4,5- T have created a need for herbicides that can be used for conifer release. Seven-year-old Norway spruce was released from competing vegetation with aerially applied Roundup. A wide spectrum of competing species were controlled and most hardwoods did not resprout during the 2-year evaluation period following treatment. Norway spruce appeared to respond to treatment and suffered negligible damage. Roundup as applied in this study appears to be a safe, effective herbicide that can be used to release Norway spruce. North. J. Appl. For. 2:29-32, June 1984.

Ten yearling beef bulls were assigned to control (n = 5) or ultrasound treatment (n = 5) groups. Treatment consisted of a single 3-min exposure per testis to ultrasonic radiation at a frequency of 5 MHz and at low acoustical intensity (spatial peak temporal averages at 10 and 18 mm, focal points of 0.14 and 0.59 mW/cm2 and spatial peak pulse averages of 1.1 and 3.4 W/cm2 at corresponding focal points). Ultrasonic treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa, primary sperm defects, secondary sperm defects or normal acrosomes over a 10-wk posttreatment evaluation period. Similarly, scrotal circumference, testicular consistency, paired testes weight, paired epididymal weight, daily sperm production per gram of testicular parenchuma, and epididymal sperm reserves were not affected (P > 0.05) at 69 d following ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonography of bovine scrotal contents did not affect reproductive capacity over the interval studied.

Several studies have documented the importance of the performance appraisal interview in the appraisal process. However, interactions between the rater and ratee prior to the end of the performance evaluation period have been given little attention. The present study investigated the impact of several aspects of the appraisal process on three outcome measures: satisfaction with the appraisal process, fairness of ratings and motivation to improve performance. The findings suggest the importance of viewing the performance appraisal process from a systematic perspective, rather than as a single event.

The development of an objective-focused performance appraisal method applied to hospital pharmacy management is discussed. Objective-based performance appraisal techniques should match the pharmacy department's goals and management style and be a continuous process. Goals should be established and target dates set jointly by the individual and supervisor, emphasizing employee planning and departmental priorities. Standards by which to measure accomplishment of objectives should be set before the evaluation period begins. Appraisals and rewards should be related to achievement of goals. Objective-focused performance appraisals provide a better system for establishing priorities and improve coordination and integration of departmental plans and activities.

End-to-end microvascular suture anastomoses, 40 arterial and 41 venous, from the rabbits carotid artery and posterior facial vein were harvested at 5 different time intervals (1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months) post surgery and evaluated with light microscopy. A 100% long-term patency was noted both in arteries and veins. Quantitative measurements of the width of the vessel wall components indicated that a statistically significant temporary hyper-trophic response occured in the arterial intima, culminating in the third month when the width of the vessel wall at the anastomotic level almost doubled the normal. After that the width of the vessel wall again declined but it remained thicker than the adjacent vessel wall at one year post surgery. Among the venous anastomoses, however, the wall thickness at the anastomotic level remained thinner than the adjacent vessel wall througout the evaluation period. The original vessel wall characteristics are not restored at the anastomotic site with intimal hyperplasia compen...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the conditions of a work environment that were related to job dissatisfaction among software personnel. A representative sample of 120 software employees were administered a questionnaire (including a Task Analysis Form and a Semantic Differential Scale) to determine the office conditions that were causing employee dissatisfaction. Each participant was also interviewed for approximately one hour. Four major problem areas were identified. They were: (1) Lack of visual and audible privacy; (2) Poor aesthetics; (3) Insufficient storage facilities, and (4) Improper design of work desk area. Design recommendations were developed by Interior Designers, Human Factor Specialists and Architects. Prototype offices were installed to accommodate a full department of forty-one software employees. The daily tasks of the participants continued on a normal routine for an evaluation period of seven months. At the end of this time, all participants were interviewed and the responses from these interviews were compared to those of the old offices. Statistical differences were found in all areas, and levels of job satisfaction greatly improved. The results are reported and conclusions are made concerning work-space planning, job satisfaction and productivity levels.

A very soft and homogeneous plastic material has been developed from polyvinyl chloride with acoustic properties similar to those of human tissue. During an evaluation period of nine months, the material has proved excellent for the sonographic investigation of subcutaneous tissue, even at high frequencies. Significant advantages of the new material as compared with previously available substances depend on its stability, low sound attenuation and absence of reverberations. In order to achieve these desirable properties, twenty plasticisers of different type and concentration were used and the resulting compounds examined for their acoustic properties.

Histopathologic evaluation of three metal alloys for chronic implanatation in the central nervous system (CNS) was undertaken in rabbits. Throughout the 8 month evaluation period the inflammatory response to the alloys was bland. Two of the alloys tested (chromium based MP35N, Trademark of the Standard Pressed Steel Company, and a stainless steel alloy, BG42 VacArc, Trademark of Latrobe Steel) appeared suitable as CNS implants. The third alloy (stainless steel 440C, Carpenter Steel Company) showed more corrosion than the other alloys, and may be less suitable for implantation. While E. cuniculi infection was found in four rabbits, the infection did not directly interfere with the assessment of the histologic changes directly due to the implants. Autoantibodies to a brain constituent were not observed.

Through a detailed analysis of accident records of the previous three years, it was observed that young children (6–7 yr of age) were overrepresented in pedestrian accidents in Alabama. In the Fall of 1978, the Alabama Office of Highway and Traffic Safety in conjunction with the state education department, initiated pedestrian safety programs in the four cities of Birmingham, Montgomery, Mobile, and Huntsville. Analysis of the monthly number of pedestrian accidents in these four cities indicated that a statistically significant reduction in pedestrian accidents for the 6–7 yr age group occurred following implementation of the education safety program. Further, it was estimated that approximately 40 accidents were prevented during the evaluation period as a result of the program's effectiveness.

An Engine Diagnostic System (EDS), proposed for the F100 engine, was tested in five specifically modified Tactical Air Command F-15A aircraft during a two-phase 16 month flight evaluation period at Langley AFB, Va. The first phase was conducted from March 1980-Dec. 1980 with phase two continuing until June 1981. After almost 4,000 engine operating hours and more than 1,000 flights, EDS successfully demonstrated four of five original design requirements. The requirements demonstrated included recording engine operating time and cycle data, event detection, engine trim, and trend and performance data collection. The diagnostic and troubleshooting goal was not fully demonstrated. In this paper the majority of the data presented covers the first phase, March-Dec. 1980.

A total of 58 resin-bonded fixed partial dentures seated in 47 patients were examined for periods of 2 to 51 months. During the evaluation period, 10 prostheses (17.2%) became dislodged. Six restorations (10.3%) were successfully rebonded and four (6.9%) were remade. Six anterior and four posterior restorations were dislodged. Six mandibular and four maxillary prostheses became debonded. One restoration containing more than one pontic was dislodged.

In order to find out what type of doppler navigation equipment would be most suitable for the S.A.S. fleet of DC-8s it was decided to start a programme of doppler evaluation in Spring 1958. The doppler evaluation programme included evaluation of doppler equipment from Canadian Marconi, General Precision Laboratory (G.P.L.) and Collins Radio Company.The programme started in April 1958 with evaluation of Canadian Marconi doppler equipment. The evaluation period lasted six months. In April 1959 evaluation of Collins and G.P.L. doppler equipment started and lasted for eight months. In March 1960 evaluation of Collins and Canadian Marconi doppler equipment started and is still in progress. And finally by the middle of May 1960 evaluation of G.P.L. Radan 500 was in progress.

R: The volume of excess reserves at the beginning of the evaluation period. D : The volume of new deposit liabilities created during the period. L: The loss of reserves during the period. p: The legal reserve ratio (0

Over the past few years, the au thor has developed a classification of children's emotional disorders4 and, in Part I, has presented and discussed the place of school achievement problems in this classi fication. 5 A recapitulation of Part I will be found in the summary. The categories of the classification sug gest a direction of management.Part II continues the analysis of the case records of the 162 con secutively referred children who are the subjects of these papers. It de scribes the treatment methods ap plied as determined by the classifi cation categories, the case manage ment decisions made at the end of the evaluation period, and the re sults of a two-year follow up study.Case Management Methods

The purpose of evaluating transistor life data is to make possible proper application, specification and design of transistors. There are many methods of testing and analyzing life characteristics. These methods are reviewed and discussed here from the standpoint of the user, with emphasis on a particular statistical approach. Components are iritially evaluated at different temperatures to determine such general characteristics as current gain and leakage currents in the collector and emittor cutoff region. Samples are also submitted to mechanical and environmental tests. Life tests are conducted at various temperature and power levels. As a control feature, shelf life tests are usually performed simultaneously. Data collected from life tests are recorded on punched cards. Each card contains all the data for a given transistor at a particular time during the life test. This information is used as the input for an electronic calculator by means of which statistical summaries can be computed. The use of calculators accelerates the evaluation period and therefore allows more data to be analyzed efficiently. This method permits either individual or group. evaluation procedures. The results are presented on curves and charts.

The flash lights and send help (FLASH) system uses an electro-optical detector designed to enable passing drivers to conveniently summon assistance for motorists in distress. The driver signals at designated reporting stations by flashing his high-beam lights three times. A roadside unit detects the headlight flashes and transmits an identifying tone signal to a central monitoring station, whose operator dispatches a service vehicle to the section of road under that detector's jurisdiction. The detector performs reliably over a range of 1000 feet during daylight or darkness, bridging an illumination ratio of up to 1:10 000 000 without a mechanical iris. The concept, design, and mechanical construction of the system is discussed in relation to the technical fulfillment of practical operational requirements. These include day and night operation, variations in temperature and weather conditions, random reflections, public safety, pranksters, vandalism, and repair and maintenance. A detector knockdown alarm, system test mode, and an audio alarm are incorporated on an illuminated road-status display panel located at the central monitoring station. A prototype system is presently being installed on a 50-mile (80-km) section of Interstate 4 between Tampa and Orlando in Florida, and will be operated by the Florida highway patrol during a 1-year evaluation period.

The evaluation is described of a seawater emulsifying, non-corrosive, hydraulic and lubricating fluid in the external hydraulic systems of four ships for periods ranging from 33 to 71 weeks. Monthly fluid samples, valves, and corrosion coupons from the ships were analyzed during the evaluation period. No fluid-related difficulty was experienced and no significant corrosion of any system component was detected, even though seawater contamination occurred in the system of two ships. The results indicate that the concept of using a seawater emulsifying, noncorrosive, hydraulic and lubricating fluid in external hydraulic systems is feasible. The particular fluid used in this study is considered satisfactory for use on an interim basis until fluids are available which conform to the newly issued specification Military Specification MIL-H-24430 (SHIPS). The new fluids will provide a significantly superior degree of corrosion protection to seawater contaminated hydraulic systems to that provided by the current service fluids.

✓ Recordings of electrical activity in the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei were obtained from three patients with congenital athetosis, prior to therapeutic ablation of the dentate nucleus. Recordings from microelectrodes were carried out during the stereotaxic procedure with the patient under light fluthane anesthesia. Macroelectrodes were also implanted within the cerebellar nuclear and cortical regions; records from these electrodes were obtained with the patient fully awake during a 2-week evaluation period. Two major areas of electrical activity were defined in the cortical gray and nuclear gray, separated by an area of relative electrical silence corresponding to the cerebellar white matter. The electrical activity from the nuclear gray was characteristically of a higher frequency and voltage; thus, the limits of the nuclear region can be defined by contrast with the relatively silent white matter. The recorded electrical activity was not influenced by either sleep or active movement of the extremities.

In February, 1953 a general paper on this invaluable technique was presented at the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Since then, we have compared various types of dies for pressing potassium bromide and sample into thin transparent disks. The experience gained during this evaluation period led to the choice of a design of a special evacuable die which provides optimum results.

The germination test for recently harvested wheat seeds requires a period of up to 20 days, because of the presence of dormancy. The possibility of reducing this period provides greater speed to the allocation of seeds, as well as an increased operational capacity of analytical laboratories. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of treatments to stimulate the germination of recently harvested wheat seeds, reducing the five-day pre-cheeling period recommended to run the test. Seeds from various wheat genotypes were used: BRS Guamirim, BRS Tangará, BRS Pardela, CD 108, CD 116, CD 150, IPR Catuara TM, Frontana, IPR Taquari, Safira and Quartzo. They were analyzed immediately after collection and then stored for 30 and 180 days. In each evaluation period (immediately after harvesting, 30 and 180 days of storage), the determination of water content, the germination test (seeds without pre-chilling and pre-chilling between 5 and 10 ° C for three to five days), and also the tetrazolium test to quantify viability and seed dormancy were carried out. Based on these results, it is concluded that there is effectiveness in overcoming wheat seed dormancy, adopting the pre-cheeling procedure between 5 and 10 ° C for three days. Resumo: O teste de germinação para sementes recém-colhidas de trigo demanda um período de até 20 dias, em virtude da presença de dormência. A possibilidade de redução deste período, proporciona maior rapidez quanto ao destino das sementes, bem com o aumento da capacidade operacional dos laboratórios de análise. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos para estimular a germinação de sementes recém-colhidas de trigo, reduzindo-se o período de cinco dias de pré-esfriamento recomendado para a condução do teste. Utilizaram-se sementes de vários genótipos de trigo: BRS Guamirim, BRS Tangará, BRS Pardela, CD 108, CD 116, CD 150, IPR Catuara TM, Frontana, IPR Taquari, Safira e Quartzo, analisadas logo após a colheita e depois de armazenadas por 30 e 180 dias. Em cada época de avaliação (logo após a colheita, 30 e 180 dias de armazenamento), realizaram-se a determinação do teor de água, teste de germinação (em sementes sem pré-esfriamento e com pré-esfriamento entre 5 e 10 ºC por três e por cinco dias), e também realizou-se em cada época de avaliação, o teste de tetrazólio para quantificar a viabilidade e dormência das sementes. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que há eficiência na superação da dormência de sementes de trigo, adotando-se o procedimento de pré-esfriamento entre 5 e 10 °C por três dias.

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical performance of two nano-hybrid giomer restorative composites; Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow Plus F00 with FL-Bond II adhesive system in class I posterior restorations during three-year period.Materials and methodsTwenty patients joined this study with age ranging from 20 to 35 years. Each patient has to present two permanent upper or lower molars of the same side requiring new class I restorations of primary carious lesions to be restored by both tested materials. Two clinicians examined the twenty patients with 40 restorations (20 for each restorative material) clinically using Modified USPHS/Cvar & Ryge Criteria for direct restoration for a period of three years with an examination interval 6 months.ResultsData was collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 18. Friedman's test showed no significant changes to all modified USPHS criteria for each material during the three-year evaluation period. Fisher's exact test showed no significant changes between materials in postoperative sensitivity, recurrence of caries or retention of restoration. The significant changes recorded were after three years period follow up between the two materials; Beautifil flow plus F00 has significantly better marginal adaptation (P

INTRODUÇÃO: Existe um grande interesse no estabelecimento de recursos e terapias a serem utilizados na tentativa de proporcionar um processo de reparo muscular de melhor qualidade e menor duração. O ultrassom terapêutico (US) e o laser de baixa potência (LBP) são recursos muito usados na prática clínica, porém são escassas, e por vezes contraditórias, as evidências científicas que determinam com segurança os parâmetros dosimétricos e metodológicos adequados. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito do US e do LBP sobre a proliferação celular durante a diferenciação de mioblastos C2C12. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os mioblastos foram cultivados em meio de cultura de Eagle modificado por Dulbecco, contendo 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB), sendo induzida a diferenciação pela adição de 2% de soro de cavalo durante 96 horas. Posteriormente, as células foram irradiadas com US pulsado a 20%, 3 MHz de frequência (intensidades de 0,2 e 0,5 W/cm², durante cinco minutos) ou submetidas ao tratamento com LBP (potência de saída de 10 mW, densidade de energia de 3 e 5 J/cm², por 20 segundos). A proliferação celular foi avaliada após 24h e 72h utilizando o método de MTT. Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, em cada condição citada e células não irradiadas serviram como controle. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando a Análise de Variância (ANOVA), teste Dunnet, para verificar diferenças entre o grupo controle (não tratado) e os grupos tratados com US e LBP, adotando significância de p < 0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram que não houve diferença significativa na proliferação celular entre as células musculares submetidas a tratamento com ambos os recursos terapêuticos e as células controle, nos períodos de 24h e 72h após tratamento. Além disso, foi possível verificar que não houve aumento significativo no número de células após o período de 72h quando comparado a 24h, confirmando o processo de diferenciação celular, conforme esperado. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que o US e o LBP, nos parâmetros avaliados, não alteraram a proliferação de mioblastos em processo de diferenciação.

Background The authors evaluated the clinical performance of a nano filled glass ionomer restorative material (Ketac N100) and a nano filled composite resin restorations (Grandio SO) with its adhesive (Futurabond DC) in Class V carious lesions over one year. Methods Thirty patients received sixty different restorations. The distributions of materials and the teeth locations were randomized. Class V cavity was prepared according to caries extension. For cavities to be restored with composite a 1 mm bevel was placed on the enamel margin to increase the surface area for bonding. adhesives were used following the manufacturer's instructions. Grandio SO with its adhesive and Ketac N100 restorative materials were applied following manufacturer's instructions. Finishing and polishing was performed using finishing burs and polishing discs. Each restoration was clinically evaluated at base line (24 h), 6 months and after one year using USPHS criteria. Results The recall rate was (81.7%) after 1 year. Survival rate for Grandio SO restorations were (85.185%) while for Ketac N100, it was (100%) after one year of clinical service. Using Friedman test, a significant difference was recorded between the tested materials when the effect of time was tested on restoration fracture, color match, anatomic form, marginal adaptation and recurrence of caries. Using Fischer's exact test, a significant difference was recorded between tested groups regarding restoration fracture, color match. Anatomic form, recurrence of caries, marginal discoloration and postoperative hypersensitivity. Conclusion Most of the restorations maintained good quality during the observation period, which was considered a short evaluation time. Clinical implications Grandio SO and Ketac N100 achieved clinically acceptable results after one year of service. So both materials may be used with confidence in Class V carious lesions. A longer evaluation period may be recommended to decide the use of restorative material safely in Class V cavities.

As espécies Heilipodus naevulus (Mannerheim, 1836) foi detectado, em 2008, no município de Barão de Cocais, MG, em plantios comerciais de clones de eucalipto, danificando o ponteiro principal e o lateral. Devido ao seu hábito noturno, o seu tamanho reduzido, coloração acinzentada, e , por se abrigar na área de serapilheira durante o dia, a sua detecção é dificultada, sendo a sua presença apenas evidenciada através dos ponteiros tombados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a distribuição desta espécie durante o primeiro ano de crescimento clones eucalipto, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de um plano de amostragem. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Barão de Cocais, MG, a partir de outubro/2008 a março/2009. Nos dois talhões de avaliação foram estratificados em baixada, encosta e topo. Foram distribuídas 18 porções, de 10 x 10 árvores, sendo nove por talhão, e, três por estrato. Foi adotado como indicador da presença de H.naevulus na planta a presença ponteiro recém danificado. Para o cálculo da distribuição espacial foram empregados a Razão Variância/Média, o Índice de Morisita, o Parâmetro k da distribuição binomial negativa, o Coeficiente de Green, a Distribuição de Poisson e a Lei de potência de Taylor. Ao longo do período de avaliação da presença de H. naevulus, os índices calculados apresentaram um padrão agregado de ocorrência dos danos, indicando que a espécie apresenta um padrão agregado de distribuição, mesmo em baixa incidência. The species Heilipodus naevulus (Mannerheim, 1836) was detected, in 2008, in the municipal district Barão de Cocais, MG, in commercial plantings of eucalypt clones, damaging the main and the lateral pointer. Due to its night habit, its reduced size, grayish coloration, and, for sheltering in the litter area during the day, its detection is hindered, being its presence just evidenced through tumbled pointers. This work aimed to know the distribution of this species during the first year of eucalypt clones growth in order to supply subsidies for elaborating of a sampling plan. The work was carried out in the municipal district from Barão de Cocais, MG, from October/2008 to March/2009. The two plots of evaluation were stratified into lowland, slope and top. Were distributed 18 portions, of 10 x 10 trees, being nine per plot, and three for stratum. It was adopted as indicator of H. naevulus presence in the plant the pointer presence newly damaged. For calculating of the space distribution were used the Variance/Mean Ratio, Morisita Index, Parameter k of the negative binomial distribution, the Green's Coefficient, Poisson's Distribution and the Law of Taylor's potency. Along the evaluation period of the H. naevulus presence, the calculated indexes introduced an aggregated pattern of damage occurrence. That Indicates that the species presents a aggregated pattern distribution, even in low incidence.

Objective: To evaluate the results from reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using with flexor tendon autografts from the thigh, with analysis on data relating to sex, body mass index (BMI) and associations with lower limb fracture. Methods: A group of 265 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy for the purposes of ACL reconstruction using an ipsilateral graft from the flexor tendon of the thigh between July 6, 2000, and November 19, 2007, were evaluated. Results: One hundred and seventy-six patients were evaluated over a mean period of 34.95 ± 18.8 months (median: 31 months) (IQR: 20-48 months). The minimum evaluation period was 12 months and the maximum was 87 months. One hundred and thirty-eight patients (78.4%) had excellent results, 22 (12.5%) had good results, eight (4.5%) had fair results and eight (4.5%) had poor results. Higher incidence of good and excellent results for the following categories was not considered to be significant: males (p = 0.128), patients with BMI < 25 (p = 0.848), or patients with ACL injuries unrelated to an initial traumatic episode of lower-limb fracture (p = 0.656). Conclusion: The ACL reconstruction technique using tendon autografts from the thigh showed good and excellent results for 91.4% of the sample. Male patients seemed to present a greater tendency towards good and excellent results. No statistically significant difference was found when the results were analyzed in relation to BMI or associations with initial traumatic fracture episodes in the lower limbs.

The influence of handling stress on tonic LH secretion was evaluated in eight ovariectomized Hereford cows. Four cows (acclimated group) were previously acclimated to stanchions and procedures for blood collection, whereas the other four cows (unacclimated group) were stanchioned and handled for the first time 2 hr before the evaluation period. Blood samples (10 ml) for cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone quantitation were collected at 10-min intervals for 4 hr via an indwelling cannula inserted into the jugular vein 1 hr before the evaluation period. Mean plasma concentration of cortisol was lower (5.7 vs 66.1 ng/ml; P0.01) but LH was higher (8.1 vs 4.1 ng/ml; P0.05) in acclimated cows than in unacclimated cows. Plasma cortisol and LH concentrations were correlated negatively among cows (r = -0.83; P0.01). Two- to four-fold increases (10 to 20 ng/ml) in systemic cortisol concentrations did not appear to affect LH secretion, whereas 10-to 20-fold increases associated with intensive stress suppressed tonic LH secretion, especially pulsatile LH releases. Plasma progesterone concentrations did not differ between the two treatment groups. Results suggest that the influence of stress on gonadotropin secretion, and subsequent reproductive responses, is dependent on the magnitude of the adrenal steroidogenic response and the animal's adaptation to stress. These results indicate the necessity to minimize and monitor animal stress when studying LH secretion.

This is a descriptive and evaluative report regarding a clinical pharmacy residency in-house on-call program that facilitates the provision of 24-hour clinical pharmacy consultative services within the emergency department. During the two-year evaluation period, clinical pharmacy residents completed 3.1 consultations per 14-hour call period. Additionally, greater than 90% of the clinical pharmacy recommendations were accepted and completely followed by physician cohorts. These consultations were usually solicited by internal medicine physicians within the emergency department, involved patient-specific drug therapy recommendations, and required about 100 minutes (mean per consultation) of the clinical pharmacist's time. Thus, clinical pharmacy consultative services can be a useful addition to health care within the emergency department in teaching hospitals.

The German Research Association, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), fixed the MAK value* of quartz-containing fine dust at 4 mg/m3 and the evaluation period of 5 years on the basis of personal dust exposure records. The probability of pneumoconiosis occurring in a population with individual levels of dust exposure below a defined limit is lower than the risk derived formally from the exposure response relationship at that dust standard. The frequency by which such a standard tends to be exceeded depends on the length of the evaluation period, the frequency distribution of individual dust exposures as well as on the location of the standard within such a pattern. This should be borne in mind when fixing long-term dust standards.

• Providing new parents with both written and verbal information about poisons and with syrup of ipecac appeared to be successful when distributed at discharge of their normal newborns. New parents who received neither information nor ipecac served as controls. Distribution occurred during a nine-month period, which was followed after an Interval of three months by a four-month evaluation period. The average (±SD) time between infant poison exposures and parent telephone calls to the statewide poison center during the evaluation period was 5±3 minutes for the subjects and 12±4 for age-matched and socioeconomically matched controls. Both groups had similar frequencies of potentially dangerous exposures for which syrup of ipecac was recommended. Subject parents appeared to have homes which in various respects were significantly more child-safe than those of the controls. Significantly more control homes contained syrup of ipecac after the exposures than before (77% vs 41%). ( AJDC 1988;142:627-629)

The suitability of using unleaded gasoline in military and commercially designed equipment located at four Army installations has been evaluated over a two-year period. A total of 3007 vehicles were monitored during the evaluation for maintenance and performance problems. This paper presents information on vehicle octane number requirements and octane number increase trends measured on a selected group of vehicles during the evaluation period. Details of the fuels used, vehicles tested, test procedure and results are discussed.

The usefulness of EEG videotelemetry study among 48 male and 43 female hospitalized children admitted to a neuropsychiatric unit was examined in relation to a constellation of clinical variables assessed during the evaluation period. The results of a multiple regression analysis of telemetry productivity indicated that an appreciable proportion of variance was explained by the predictors qualifying for entry into the equation. Specificity of the telemetry study, severity of the abnormalities identified on the neurological examination, and certain EEG parameters emerged as the most effective predictors of telemetry yield. Results are discussed in terms of maximizing the benefits derived from the clinical administration of videotelemetry. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry , 24, 5:597–602, 1985.

In spite of the widespread use of the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble as an adjuvant device in weight reduction, its efficacy has not been established. Therefore, our purpose was to conduct a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of this device in the management of exogenous obesity. The study group consisted of 23 patients, 21 women and 2 men, ranging in age from 21 to 53 yr. Patients were 25%-111% above their ideal body weight. They were studied for 24 wk, consisting of two separate 12-wk evaluation periods. Patients were randomly assigned either to receive the gastric bubble or to have a sham procedure. After the first 12-wk evaluation period, the gastric bubble and sham were administered in crossover fashion, so that those who had received the gastric bubble initially received the sham later and vice versa. The study coordinator remained blind to the kind of treatment, weighed each patient biweekly, enforced dietary counseling, and provided behavior modification. Those who had passed or were found to have a deflated bubble at the end of the treatment period were excluded from the study. Mean weight reduction in the two evaluation periods did not differ significantly. Patients lost 5.4 +/- 1.7 kg (mean +/- SE) during the gastric bubble period and 5.20 +/- 0.8 kg during the sham period. The order of administration of the gastric bubble and sham did not significantly affect the result. The time-course of mean biweekly values, however, revealed that with the gastric bubble, weight loss was significantly greater only during first (p less than 0.005) and second (p less than 0.025) 2-wk evaluation periods. This difference, however, disappeared after the initial 4 wk of treatment. These observations suggest that although gastric bubble implantation reduced weight significantly more than the sham procedure initially, the mean weight loss during 12 wk of evaluation was not different between the two periods. In our opinion, the gastric bubble is of no value as an adjuvant device in weight reduction.

ON Nov 18, 1975, Senators Kennedy and Javits introduced Senate Bill 2697 "to amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to provide for the continuation and expansion of existing authority through the establishment of an appropriate mechanism to be known as the Drug and Devices Administration, and for other purposes."1 Entitled the "Federal Drug and Devices Act," 2697 would replace the present Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by the Drug and Devices Administration (DDA) and endow the DDA with extensive regulatory power not only over the pharmaceutical industry but over drug prescribing by physicians. Because of three major provisions, the enactment of S 2697 would result in a radical change in public policy with respect to drug marketing and the practice of medicine. These provisions call for (1) the establishment of a "Phase D" evaluation period before final approval of a drug for relatively unrestricted prescribing by physicians, (2)

Community mental health centers are challenged with the development of strategies for growth and prosperity in a cut-back environment. This paper shares strategies developed by two centers to increase productivity and revenues through the implementation of performance contracting and staff incentive plans. The process of development and implementation of the strategies is described, and the financial and program results are evaluated. Both Centers report substantial increases in productivity and revenues during a multi-year evaluation period. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issue multi-year evaluation period. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues for community mental health centers to consider in the development of similar strategies.

Insect-electrocuting black light devices were evaluated for their effectiveness in killing flies in caged-layer poultry facilities. Concurrently, the effect of the addition of the attractant muscalure (Z-9-tricosene) to these devices on their fly-killing efficiency was evaluated. An average of over 29,000 flies were killed per device per week in Facility 1 and 7,000 flies per device per week in Facility 2 over the 8-wk evaluation period. The addition of muscalure (25 to 200 mg/device) increased the number of flies killed by the devices by as much as 76% but only one of the increases was statistically significant. Both the house fly, Musca domestica, and the garbage fly, Ophyra spp. were apparently attracted to muscalure, as the number of both fly species killed was consistently higher in devices containing the attractant than in devices without the attractant.

A number of modern and old style liquid water content (LWC) and droplet sizing instruments were mounted on a DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter and operated in natural icing clouds in order to determine their comparative operating characteristics and their limitations over a broad range of conditions. The evaluation period occurred during the 1982-1983 icing season from January to March 1983. Time histories of all instrument outputs were plotted and analyzed to assess instrument repeatability and reliability. Scatter plots were also generated for comparison of instruments. The measured LWC from four instruments differed by as much as 20 percent. The measured droplet size from two instruments differed by an average of three microns. The overall effort demonstrated the need for additional data, and for some means of calibrating these instruments to known standards.

• Evidence in the literature states that minimally 50% of the hearing aids that are worn by children are malfunctioning. The result is that these hearing aids are rejected by children who probably could benefit from amplification. This study shows that a large percentage of new hearing aids malfunction according to a number of specified parameters and points out the reasons for the malfunctioning. A cross-sectional sample of 14 manufacturers' hearing aid submissions (a total of 166 new aids) were comprehensively studied by the British Columbia Research and Development Laboratory, Victoria. Sixty-five percent of the hearing aids failed the primary and secondary criteria during the initial evaluation period. Results of this study provided valuable information to manufacturers of hearing aids and also to those who fit hearing aids with regard to improvements necessary to meet reasonable standards. (Arch Otolaryngol105:62-74, 1979)

The authors investigated the potential of various time series models to aid in the prediction of platelet utilization patterns at the authors' institution. During a seven-week feasibility study, prediction accuracy of time series models was slightly inferior to that of an experienced platelet transfusion coordinator. The models that adjusted for day-of-the-week variability were superior to simpler models in a prospective evaluation over a three-month period. Conversion to a time series model for platelet utilization prediction has resulted in significant savings in personnel costs for management of platelet concentrate inventory in the blood bank. Outdate rates have been lower than those achieved by the platelet transfusion coordinator, with no sacrifice in availability occurring during the evaluation period.

Artificial periodontal defects were evaluated clinically for 24 months in six beagle dogs. Defects were created bilaterally around the lower second, third and fourth premolars. The gingiva was separated from the teeth by intrasulcular incisions and copper bands were cemented around the teeth as far apically as possible. After 3 weeks the bands were replaced by cotton ligatures, which were kept in place deep subgingivally for 11 weeks. The dogs were placed on a soft diet, allowing plaque accumulation throughout the study. One week after removal of the ligatures, probing depths of around 4.5 mm were recorded. During the evaluation period of 24 months, plaque accumulation was abundant and subsequently the gingiva was heavily inflamed. However, a distinct healing tendency was evident clinically. Two years after removal of the ligatures, probing depth was reduced to approximately 3.5 mm and the attachment level as assessed clinically had changed in a coronal direction. Part of this recorded increase in periodontal attachment may have been the result of changes in composition and condition of the periodontal tissues resulting in differences in probing depths.

This paper was initiated to study the effect of outcome measures as they relate to indication of treatment success. Results have shown that after the third month in treatment, drug use decreases very little. Time in treatment is significantly related to urin-analysis results during the first 3 months; that is, those clients who were to remain in treatment for longer periods were those whose average opiate use during the first 3 months were lowest. We also found that no relationship exists between pretreatment opiate use and opiate use during any evaluation time period. Analysis of employment change rate for a 1-year's period indicate that those employed at intake remain employed and those unemployed remain so. Change in opiate use during any evaluation period had no influence whatsoever on employment.