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Polylactic acid (PLA) hexagonal honeycomb structures were fabricated by using 3D-printing technology. By filling with absorbent polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam, a novel absorbent-foam-filled 3D-printed honeycomb was obtained. The in-plane (L- and W-direction) and out-of-plane (T-direction) compressive performances were studied experimentally and numerically. Due to absorbent PMI foam filling, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, energy absorption per unit volume, and energy absorption per unit mass of absorbent-foam-filled honeycomb under L-direction were increased by 296.34%, 168.75%, 505.57%, and 244.22%, respectively. Moreover, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, energy absorption per unit volume, and energy absorption per unit mass, under W-direction, also have increments of 211.65%, 179.85, 799.45%, and 413.02%, respectively. However, for out-of-plane compression, the compressive strength and energy absorption per unit volume were enhanced, but the density has also been increased; thus, it is not competitive in energy absorption per unit mass. Failure mechanism and dimension effects of absorbent-foam-filled honeycomb were also considered. The approach of absorbent foam filling made the 3D-printed honeycomb structure more competitive in electromagnetic wave stealth applications, while acting simultaneously as load-carrying structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reinforced concrete (RC) structures, structural members with damage should be repaired before reuse. Unlike existing studies that focus on strengthening of undamaged RC columns, the present study focused on the compressive properties of pre-damaged RC columns repaired with basalt fiber reinforcement polymer (BFRP) composites. Twenty-two circular columns with a relatively large size were tested. The influence of pre-damage levels, number of BFRP layers, and steel rebars on the compressive properties of the repaired RC columns were investigated. The test results showed that repairing with BFRP increased the strength and ultimate strain of the pre-damaged RC columns by 26–142% and 574–1147%, respectively, compared to the plain concrete counterparts. However, the axial stiffness and compressive strength of the repaired pre-damaged RC columns decreased as the pre-damage level increased. Addressing the adverse effect of pre-damage and the contribution of steel rebars, a strength model, ultimate strain model, and stress–strain relationship model were proposed to predict the compressive responses of the BFRP-repaired RC columns. The proposed models predicted well the test results. This study demonstrates that BFRP repairing is effective in enhancing the compressive strength and deformation capacity of damaged RC columns, even though the pre-damage level is severe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RAC exhibits better frost resistance than NAC with comparable strength. • The brittleness of confined RAC is more significant than that of NAC after FTCs. • The damage constitutive model of confined RAC after FTCs is proposed. The inferior quality of recycled coarse aggregates (RA) relative to natural coarse aggregates (NA) is usually considered as unfavorable for the freeze-thaw durability of concrete. In order to study the uniaxial compressive behavior and stress-strain relationship of stirrup-confined recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) after exposure to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), 48 short columns incorporating different levels of RA (γ % ;i.e., 0, 30%, 70% and 100%) were fabricated and subjected to different numbers of FTCs (N ; i.e., 0, 100, 150 and 200), finally these specimens were submitted to uniaxial compression tests. The effect of RA substition and FTCs on the main mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength, peak strain and ductility coefficient were discussed. A uniaxial compression damage constitutive model based on the strain equivalence hypothesis and modified Loland damage theory was established, and the evolution rule of damage variables were also studied. It was shown that the concrete with RA exhibited good freezing resistance, but the peak strain of RAC was generally larger than that of NAC, and the ductility coefficient of RAC was less than that of NAC. Compared with the experimental data, the proposed damage constitutive model was shown to be applicable to confined RAC after different numbers of FTCs. For specimens with different levels of RA, the evolution law of damage variable as increasing of strain were similar. The growth rate of freezing-thawing damage variable increased as the increment of N when the RA replacement was less than 30%, but decreased when the RA replacement reached to 70% and 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hybrid member made from two kinds of composite materials, ductile engineered cementitious composite (ECC) as the core material and linear elastic fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as the confining material was proposed for application. A series of axial compressive experiments on FRP-confined ECC cylinders were carried out. The test results indicated that FRP-confined ECC specimens exhibited similar compression hardening behavior in the axial stress-strain curve to FRP-confined normal concrete specimens. Moreover, the "self-confinement" effect of ECC and the confinement stiffness of FRP had significant influence on the stress-strain response and failure mode. Based on the FRP strain distribution, a failure mechanism was proposed for FRP-confined cement-based materials under compression. FRP-confined ECC cylinders underwent three distinct stages under compression: formation of microcracks, formation of multiple cracks, and formation and propagation of major cracks. A qualitative model for FRP confined ECC was developed, which illustrates the effects of different tensile properties of cement-based materials on the failure mode and explains why the hoop rupture strain is lower than the ultimate tensile strain of FRP. In addition, fitting equations were proposed for predicting the compressive strength and ultimate strain of FRP-confined ECC cylinders at the ultimate state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty specimens of built-up closed box sections consisting of two cold-formed steel channels of various cross sections (B92 and B143), lengths (3000, 1500, 450, and 270 mm), and thicknesses (1.2 and 1.5 mm) were tested subject to concentric and eccentric axial compression. Failure modes were analyzed and load vs. displacement curves were obtained. The test results indicate that the failure modes of long and medium columns subject to concentric axial compression are flexural buckling about the weak axis, whereas that of the short column is excessive local buckling; specimens subject to eccentric axial compression about the strong and weak axes exhibited flexural-torsional buckling and flexural buckling, respectively. Finite element (FE) models were established and verified. Detailed parameter studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy of code equations for a wide range of parameters. The FE analysis results indicate that the concentric axial compression strength of the columns decreased with an increase in the slenderness ratio of column or the web height-to-thickness ratio; increasing the flange width can significantly increase the stability and strength of the column; the eccentric axial compression strength of the column about the weak axis decreased faster than that about the strong axis. Finally, the effectiveness of the design methods, i.e., the effective ratio of width-to-thickness method in the Chinese code, effective width method, direct strength method, and load and resistance factor design in North American specifications to predict the strength of this type of built-up column is evaluated. For the B92 series columns and B143 series column with slenderness ratio of the column greater than 92, it is conservative to use design methods to calculate the concentric axial compression strength of the column. Additionally, it is conservative to use the design methods to calculate the eccentric axial compression strength of the columns. • Axial compression tests were conducted on built-up closed box section columns consisting of two cold-formed steel channels. • The failure modes of the specimens were analyzed. • FE models of built-up closed box section columns were developed and verified with test results. • A parametric study was performed varying the screw spacing, the slenderness ratio of the columns, etc. • The effectiveness of available design codes to predict the strength of built-up closed box section columns was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic foams find their applicability in complex systems that operate under both real-life conditions (Earth living conditions) and extreme temperature conditions (low or high temperatures). In this paper, the main mechanical properties of closed-cell aluminum alloy (A356) foams under quasi-static compression loading conditions were determined. In order to investigate the compressive behavior, three orthogonal directions (X, Y, and Z) and three testing temperatures (−196, 25 and 250 °C) were considered. It has been observed that the temperature significantly influences the strength properties and energy absorption performances of the aluminum metallic foams AMFs. Moreover, it was found that microstructural characteristics, such as intrinsic defects (intracellular cavities, micro-pores and thin cell-walls) and structural anisotropy (shape, size and orientation of cells), play a decisive role in the mechanical behavior of AMFs. Moreover, the paper compares the relative percentage change (relative percentage increase and decrease) of the main normalized compressive properties (yield stress, plateau stress, densification stress and the energy absorption) of AMF samples, according to testing temperature and loading direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Compressive response of rubberized concrete core of heated CFST was studied. • Mechanical properties of heated concrete core given tube thickness were predicted. • Stress-strain model for heated rubberized concrete with steel fibers was proposed. • Increasing steel tube thickness damaged heated rubberized concrete core more. In this study, the compressive behavior of concrete cores detached from the high-strength concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) members reinforced with steel fibers and containing crumb tire rubber was investigated experimentally after exposure to elevated temperatures. The test variables included the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the steel tube, volume content of crumb rubber replacing natural sand, volume fraction of steel fibers, and temperature. After the exposure of the CFST specimens to the elevated temperatures and subsequently removing the steel tubes, the detached concrete core was subjected to the axial compression test, and the parameters of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at peak stress, and weight loss, stress-strain relationship together with the ultrasonic pulse velocity, visual appearance, and failure mode were evaluated. Using the experimental results, expressions were developed to predict the mechanical properties of the concrete core at elevated temperatures taking into account the steel tube wall thickness. The findings indicated that increasing the thickness of the steel tube had a greater damaging effect on the heated concrete core, while in the fiber-reinforced specimens, this damaging effect was lower. Moreover, the addition of crumb rubber to the concrete mix as the natural sand replacement degraded the mechanical properties of the heated and unheated concrete core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Failure modes of UHPC and CUHPC were compared. • Stress-strain behavior of UHPC and CUHPC was analyzed. • Effects of concrete strength, volumetric ratio of stirrups, and CFRP on compressive strength and ductility of UHPC and CUHPC were analyzed. • Existing models for peak stress and peak strain of confined UHPC should be modified. To understand the compressive behavior of UHPC confined by both lateral steel and CFRP, an experiment was presented with the compressive strength of UHPC up to 120.92 MPa in this paper. The specimens were confined by Grade 970 with volumetric ratio in a range of 0.0–2.0% and two layers CFRP laminates. The experimental results showed that the failure modes of confined UHPC were failure in brittle, shear failure, and expansion failure corresponding to specimens with no, low, and high volumetric ratios, respectively, while the failure modes of CFRP confined UHPC were expansion failure. The stress-strain behavior of confined UHPC were divided into three stages included linear stage, nonlinear stage, and descending stage. The stress-strain behavior of CFRP confined UHPC had five stages: linear stage, near linear stage, the stress declined gradually until stress decline sharply, the stress dropped abruptly to a stress platform, and a gradual stress decrease until specimens failed. Concrete Strength, transverse reinforcements volumetric ratio, and CFRP had influence on the load capacity and the ductility of specimens. Furthermore, by comparing experimental results with existing models, none of existing models was suitable for predicting the peak stress and peak strain of confined UHPC without fibers, and the existing model should be modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the effect of distinctive compaction pressures and Si content on the resulting morphologies and compressive strengths (CS) of the sintered and quenched composites. The powder particles from the as-cast Al-9wt.%Si and Al-5wt.%Cu alloys constituting recycled powders are used. A mixture 1:1 wt ratio between aforementioned casting alloys is also examined. With the applied compaction pressure, the resulting microstructural array has no modified. After heat-treating, the chemical content has important role on the mechanical behavior. It is found that the CS increases with the increase of the compaction pressure. Also, when the Al–5Cu alloy powder is used, the highest CS is attained. The intermediate CS is that of the mixture composite (1:1) and the lowest is obtained when the Al–9Si sample powder is used. The specific strengths are also determined, which favor the composite constituted by the Al–5Cu alloy powder. This induces both the economical and environmental-friendly aspects intending to produce engineering components using as-recycled powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, not only the effect of cell-wall thickness on the deformation mode of metallic auxetic reentrant honeycomb was firstly studied, but also the negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effect on the crushing stress was also clarified by the quasi-static compressive experiments. Firstly, two types of typical reentrant hexagonal honeycombs with thin-walled and thick-walled cells were manufactured and compressive tests were carried out to characterize the deformation modes, negative Poisson's ratio distribution and crushing stress. Experiment results showed that the deformation mode of thin-walled honeycomb was quite different from that of thick-walled honeycomb, which has not been found in the existing reported papers. Secondly, a finite element (FE) model of the reentrant honeycomb was established and the FE results were systematically compared with the experimental results. The effects of honeycomb cell's number on the compressive deformation and the crushing stress of the honeycomb were studied. The results showed that once the honeycomb contained more than four cells in both transverse and horizontal directions, both the compressive deformation and the crushing stress were close to the experimental results. Finally, the energy absorption characteristics of reentrant honeycomb during compression were discussed. Unlabelled Image • The experimental and numerical methods were used to accurately investigate the compressive behavior of the reentrant honeycomb. • The negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) effect on the crushing stress was clarified by the quasi-static compressive experiments. • Experiment results found that the NPR effect only had an amplified effect in the strain hardening stage. • In order to accurately investigate the compressive behavior of the reentrant honeycomb, the minimum cell's number should be greater than four. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloy microlattices have been increasingly used in automotive, aerospace, packaging, defense, machinery, and construction industries due to their superior physical and mechanical properties such as high specific strength and energy absorption capacity. However, design and fabrication of microlattice structures remains a challenge because the structure-property relationship in aluminum microlattices has not been established. To address this issue, AlSi10Mg microlattices with different unit cell structures, number of unit cells, and strut diameters were designed and then fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The specific energy, compressive strength, and failure modes of the AlSi10Mg microlattices were examined. Experimental results have shown that the AlSi10Mg microlattices fabricated by SLM exhibited a maximum specific compressive strength of 83.113 MPa·g−1 cm3, which is higher than most metallic and non-metallic microlattices reported in the literature. During compression tests, four different failure modes, including contact region crushing, consecutive diagonal cracks at 45° to the loading direction, elastic/plastic buckling and plastic deformation, and single diagonal crack at 45° to the loading direction, were observed. In addition, the microlattices with different unit cells exhibited different strength-density relationships due to these different failure modes. Unlabelled Image • AlSi10Mg microlattices with high strength-to-weight ratio by selective laser melting (SLM) • Printability and mechanical behavior of AlSi10Mg microlattices • Design-mechanical behavior-microstructural characteristics relationship • Four failure modes observed during the compression tests [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Waste brick is reused as recycled brick blocks (RBBs) at least 60 mm in size. • RBBs are mixed with fresh concrete (FC) to form a compound concrete (RBBC). • RBBC features a strength between those of RBBs and FC and increased discreteness. • RBBC-filled FRP tubes (RBBCFFTs) are proposed to improve performance of RBBC. • RBBCFFTs show significantly enhanced strength and deformability compared to RBBC. Waste brick accounts for a significant fraction of China's construction and demolition (C&D) waste. A new reprocessing approach in which the waste brick is crushed into blocks (recycled brick blocks, RBBs) distinctly larger in size than normal-sized aggregate and mixed with fresh concrete to form a new type of compound concrete (recycled brick block concrete, RBBC) is proposed in this paper. To improve the compressive behavior of RBBC, an outer fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube is used in this study as both the confining and protective device for RBBC; it simultaneously serves as a stay-in-place formwork (i.e., RBBC-filled FRP tubes, RBBCFFTs). Compression tests were conducted on RBBC and RBBCFFTs with the mix ratio and size ratio of RBBs and thickness of FRP tube as variables. The test results show that RBBC has a compressive strength between those of the RBBs and the fresh concrete, and it can derive significantly enhanced strength and deformability under FRP confinement. However, the tested RBBCFFTs exhibited increased discreteness in compressive behavior owing to the large difference in strength between the RBBs and the fresh concrete, and the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of RBBs. In addition, the first portion of RBBC's stress–strain curve appears elongated under FRP confinement. This phenomenon is believed to be due to the delay in formation of the major cracks in RBBC when it is confined in an FRP tube, allowing the integrity of RBBC to be sustained until a higher axial stress level than when the FRP tube is absent. Finally, a design-oriented stress–strain model for RBBCFFTs is developed within the framework of Lam and Teng's design-oriented stress–strain model for FRP-confined normal concrete. The proposed model is shown to have reasonably good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The experimental investigation under compression with a measurement of volume resistivity is conducted to make clear the rate dependency of thermo-mechanical and phase transformation behavior in Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr shape memory alloy. • The strain rate dependency of stress-induced ε -martensite as well as shape recovery strain after compression and heating are investigated. Furthermore, microstructural investigations are performed. • Temperature change which becomes an important aspect of the study on the phase transition is also captured under quasi-static and impact compression. For the great potential Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA), which is less expensive compared with the Ni-Ti system, tension-compression asymmetry in stress-strain curve is reported in the past. It is considered that the difference in thermomechanical and stress-induced martensitic transformation behavior may also be observed under different loading modes in Fe-SMA. In this paper, an experimental investigation under compression is conducted to make clear the rate dependency of thermomechanical and phase transformation behavior in Fe-SMA at the previous study focusing on the behavior under tension. During both quasi-static and impact compression, the amount of stress-induced ε -martensite can be indirectly evaluated by using a real-time measurement method of an electrical resistance. Furthermore, temperature change which becomes an important aspect of the study on the phase transition is also captured. In addition, after compressive test and heating, it is attempted to investigate the rate dependency of volume fraction of stress-induced ε -martensite and shape recovery strain. Finally, the microstructural observation of the samples taken from the specimen is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite wide industrial applications of Bis-GMA polymer, very few studies are available about the material classification, mechanical properties, and behavior of this material. In this study, the compressive behavior of Bis-GMA polymer was studied using different hyperelastic constitutive models through a hybrid experimental-computational process. Standard uniaxial compression tests were conducted to extract the mechanical behavior and structural response of the Bis-GMA polymer. A nano-indentation experiment was used to verify the compressive behavior of Bis-GMA polymer in the form of hyperelastic behavior. The finite element model and real-time simulation of the test incorporating different hyperelastic models were developed in comparison with the experimental finding to obtain the proper type of hyperelastic behavior of Bis-GMA polymer. The results indicate that a second-order polynomial hyperelastic model is the best fit to predict the behavior of Bis-GMA polymer. Next, the validated model was used to determine the true stress–strain curve of the Bis-GMA polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of porosity and unit cell size variation in topology optimized (TOP) and selective laser melting (SLM) fabricated Ti6Al4V lattice structure on the mechanical properties including compressive strength, failure mechanism and dynamic elastic modulus. Meanwhile, mathematical relations between mechanical properties and geometric parameters are obtained based on Gibson-Ashby model. The results show that both ultimate compressive strength (σ = 23∼498 MPa) and dynamic elastic modulus (E = 3.5∼55.47 GPa) of TOP lattice structures gradually decrease with the increase in porosity and unit cell size. The analysis combining experimental and numerical results indicates that TOP lattice structures are elastic-brittle porous material and have two failure mechanisms. The numerical predicted stress-strain curves are compared with the experimental ones. The numerical models incorporating the Johnson-Cook damage model could predict the slip direction of 45° failure band and ultimate compressive strength. Classical Gibson-Ashby model was used to predict the relation between relative density and mechanical properties of lattice structures. The exponential factors (n) of fitted models are obviously affected by unit cell size, which are determined by the number of unit cells in compressive test and SLM manufacturability in dynamic elastic modulus test. A 3D Modulus-Density-Unit Cell Size model is innovatively proposed, which can provide theoretical basis of tailoring orthopedic implant filled with functional gradient TOP lattice structures., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The closed-cell micro-pore magnesium composite foam with hollow ceramic microspheres (CMs) was fabricated by a modified melt foaming method. The effect of CMs on the compressive deformation behavior of CM-containing magnesium composite foam was investigated. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for observation of the microstructure. Finite element modeling of the magnesium composite foam was established to predict localized stress, fracture of CMs, and the compressive deformation behavior of the foam. The results showed that CMs and pores directly affected the compressive deformation behavior of the magnesium composite foam by sharing a part of load applied on the foam. Meanwhile, the presence of Mg2Si phase influenced the mechanical properties of the foam by acting as the crack source during the compression process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this research, syntactic foams including Al-7075 matrix and 2-4 mm low-cost pumice particles were manufactured via a novel casting method called as sandwich infiltration. According to physical evaluations, thanks to extremely porous structure of pumice, density values of the fabricated foams varied between 1.42 and 1.61 g/cm3. Porosity values were between 40.62% and 47.39%. Microstructural observations showed that there was a perfect infiltration between Al matrix and pumice particles because of correct process optimization (process pressure of 0.1 MPa, matrix melting temperature of 720°C and filler pre-temperature of 500°C). Furthermore, T6 treatment was applied to samples to comprehend effect of the aging on mechanical properties. The results indicated that there was an affirmative relation between the heat treatment and quasi-static compressive properties of the fabricated foams. The highest compressive strength, plateau stress and energy absorption values were measured as 64.4 MPa, 74.3 MPa and 34 MJ/m3 for heat treated samples. It was also observed that although the highest energy efficiency of 0.89 was calculated for heat treated sample, there was no relation between the heat treatment and efficiency. As for failure modes, as-cast samples exhibited ductile barreling characteristic whereas T6 treated foams indicated brittle v-shape fracture.

In recent years, closed-cell porous Aluminum (Al) has drawn increasing attention, particularly in the applications requiring reduced weight and energy absorption capability such as in the automotive and aerospace industries. In the present work, porous Al with closed-cell structure was successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy technique using PMMA as a space holder. The effects of the amount of PMMA powder on the porosity, density, microstructure and compressive behaviors of the porous specimens were systematically evaluated. The results showed that closed-cell porous Al having different porosities (12%-32%) and densities (1.6478 g/cm³, 1.5125 g/cm³ and 1.305 g/cm³) could be produced by varying the amount of PMMA (20-30 wt %). Meanwhile, the compressive behavior results demonstrated that the plateau stress decreased and the energy absorption capacity increased with increasing amount of PMMA. However, the maximum energy absorption capacity was achieved in the closed-cell porous Al with the addition of 25 wt % PMMA. Therefore, fabrication of closed-cell porous Al using 25 wt % PMMA is considered as the optimal condition in the present study since the resultant closed-cell porous Al possessed good combinations of porosity, density and plateau stress, as well as energy absorption capacity.

Porous titanium with average pore size of 100-650 μm and porosity of 30-70% was fabricated by diffusion bonding of titanium meshes. Pore structure was characterized by Micro-CT scan and SEM. Compressive behavior of porous titanium in the out-of-plane direction was studied. The effect of porosity and pore size on the compressive properties was also discussed based on the deformation mode. The results reveal that the fabrication process can control the porosity precisely. The average pore size of porous titanium can be tailored by adjusting the pore size of titanium meshes. The fabricated porous titanium possesses an anisotropic structure with square pores in the in-plane direction and elongated pores in the out-of-plane direction. The compressive Young's modulus and yield stress are in the range of 1-7.5 GPa and 10-110 MPa, respectively. The dominant compressive deformation mode is buckling of mesh wires, but some uncoordinated buckling is present in porous titanium with lower porosity. Relationship between compressive properties and porosity conforms well to the Gibson-Ashby model. The effect of pore size on compressive properties is fundamentally ascribed to the aspect ratio of titanium meshes. Porous titanium with 60-70% porosity has potential for trabecular bone implant applications., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This paper provides experimental results to investigate the mechanical properties of sustainable strain-hardening cement composite (2SHCC) for infrastructures after freeze-thaw actions. To improve the sustainability of SHCC materials in this study, high energy-consumptive components-silica sand, cement, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers-in the conventional SHCC materials are partially replaced with recycled materials such as recycled sand, fly ash, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, respectively. To investigate the mechanical properties of green SHCC that contains recycled materials, the cement, PVA fiber and silica sand were replaced with 10% fly ash, 25% PET fiber, and 10% recycled aggregate based on preliminary experimental results for the development of 2SHCC material, respectively. The dynamic modulus of elasticity and weight for 2SHCC material were measured at every 30 cycles of freeze-thaw. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties of sustainable SHCC are evaluated by conducting compressive tests, four-point flexural tests, direct tensile tests and prism splitting tests after 90, 180, and 300 cycles of rapid freeze-thaw. Freeze-thaw testing was conducted according to ASTM C 666 Procedure A. Test results show that after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing actions, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and mass loss of damaged 2SHCC were similar to those of virgin 2SHCC, while the freeze-thaw cycles influence mechanical properties of the 2SHCC material except for compressive behavior.