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Aim: To share the results of a national screening program for amblyopia in school children in the north of Jordan., Methods: This is a prospective national screening study for amblyopia. The program rolls first and second-grade children (6 to 7 years old) in the north of Jordan. The eye examination included: best-corrected visual acuity, cover-uncover test, and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Monocular visual acuity was tested using an ETDRS visual acuity chart without correction. Moreover, children were tested with full cycloplegic refraction when the test criteria were met. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity difference of 2 or more lines. In comparison, bilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the best eye., Results: The prevalence of amblyopia for the total sample tested ( n =17 203) was 2.78% ( n =479). The most common cause of amblyopia was hypermetropia (64.45%), followed by previous ocular surgeries (15.1%), myopia (10.43%), strabismus (9.39%), and congenital cataract (0.63%)., Conclusion: This is the first and only study, identifing modifiable risk factors in Jordanian children with amblyopia. In their first couple of years of elementary education, many Jordanian children are affected by amblyopia and pass unnoticed. A more governmental effort is needed into screening programs to improve vision in the Jordanian population., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Background: Accurate length measurements of extremity bones are essential in treating limb deformities and length discrepancies in children., Objective: This study aimed to determine errors in common techniques used to measure lower limb lengths in children., Methods: Precision and instrument errors in length measurements were studied utilizing electro-optical system (EOS), orthoroentgenogram, and teleoroentgenogram The goal was to measure a 70-cm metallic rod phantom (average length of the lower extremity of a 10-year-old boy in the 50th percentile) in 3 phases. In Phase 1, the length measurements were performed in an EOS unit with internal calibrations, a magball/magstrip in various scan positions, and measurement with TraumaCAD software. In Phase 2, the measurements were repeated utilizing a single radiation "shot" teleoroentgenogram. In Phase 3, an orthoroentgenogram was utilized with a radiopaque ruler reference. The reliability and validity of measurements were calibrated by 4 physicians (a radiologist, senior orthopaedic attending, and 2 orthopaedic fellows)., Results: EOS measurements utilizing internal references had excellent accuracy (for a 700-mm real length, magnification error (ME)] of 0.09%. Teleoroentgenogram with a magball reference and measurements performed with automatic calibration by TraumaCAD program results in ME of 1.83% with insignificant intraobserver/interobserver difference. Teleoroentgenogram with a magball or magstrip reference measured manually showed that the magball has higher intraobserver/interobserver variance than magstrip, with a 6.60 and 0.33-mm SD, respectively. The length by manual measurement utilizing the magstrip has ME of 2.21%. Orthoroentgenogram is accurate with ME of 0.26%, but does not allow anatomical analysis and is also radiation-costly., Conclusion: EOS and orthoroentgenogram are very accurate for length measurements. Teleoroentgenogram is less accurate in measuring length; however, addition of an external reference (magball, magstrip) placed lateral to the target improves accuracy. Automatic calibration with computer-based analysis of the external reference improves the accuracy more than manual calibration. If manual calibration is utilized, the length measurement is less accurate with the magball than the magstrip., Level of Evidence: Level II-comparative in vitro study., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study aims to determine if there is an axial plane coverage insufficiency in patients with symptomatic labral tears compared to the contralateral asymptomatic side and healthy control subjects., Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between December 2017 and January 2019. Thirty patients (21 males, 9 females; mean age 28 years; range, 20 to 36 years) operated due to unilateral symptomatic acetabular labral tears secondary to femoroacetabular impingement were evaluated. Twenty asymptomatic patients (13 males, 7 females; mean age 27±9 years; range, 19 to 36 years) were included in the control group. The relationship between acetabular morphology and labral tear was investigated with the comparison of unilateral symptomatic hips with contralateral asymptomatic hips and the control group by using radiological parameters on plain radiographs and computed tomography., Results: When the patient group symptomatic side was compared to the control group, acetabular anteversion angle (A A A) and alpha (α) angle were higher, while posterior acetabular sector angle and horizontal acetabular sector angle were lower. When the asymptomatic side was compared to the control group, AAA was higher in the patient group. There was no difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in the patient group; the symptomatic side yielded a higher α; angle., Conclusion: Posterior axial plane coverage deficiency in combination with cam deformity (increased α angle) seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of symptomatic acetabular labral tears, even creating a side-to-side difference in some individuals.

: Diagnostic radiographic imaging scans using intravascular iodinated contrast media can lead to various complications. The most salient of these is contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) or contrast-induced nephropathy, a potentially costly and serious patient safety concern. Prevention strategies are the cornerstone of evidence-based clinical management for patients receiving contrast agents. These include preprocedure screening, stratification of patients based on risk factors, and protective interventions, the most important of which is hydration both before and after the radiographic imaging scan. There is a gap, however, between best evidence and clinical practice in terms of exact hydration protocols. Nurses play an important role in nephropathy prevention and need to be familiar with CI-AKI as a potential complication of radiographic imaging scans. In order to ensure safe, high-quality care, nurses must be involved in efforts to prevent CI-AKI as well as interventions that minimize patients' risk of kidney injury.

This study assessed the effect of the time interval from initial injury to surgery and the presence of associated fracture on functional outcomes after acute posterior elbow fracture dislocation. Twenty-six pediatric patients were evaluated with respect to operation time point (within 24 h vs. later) and associated fracture retrospectively. The Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) score was used to assess functional results. The MEPI score was 91 (80-100) in patients with one associated fracture and 83 (75-95) (P=0.02) in patients with more than one associated fracture. The MEPI score in patients treated within 24 h was 90.3 (75-95) and in those treated later than 24 h, it was 88.6 (75-100) (P=0.6). Treatment time (within 24 h vs. later) does not affect outcomes, but increasing numbers of associated injuries affect outcomes negatively. Level of study: Level IV case series.