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In this project we will travel back in time to the nineteenth century to discover the inventor of the diesel engine, Rudolf Diesel, and his renewable fuel vision that is only now being realized. Biodiesel has received considerable attention in recent years as it is biodegradable, renewable and non-toxic fuel. It emits less gaseous pollutants than conventional diesel fuel, and can work directly in diesel engines with no required modifications. The most common way to produce biodiesel is by transesterification of the oils with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to yield fatty acid methyl esters and glycerin. The production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil and ethanol was experimented in the laboratory and results are discussed. The use of microalgae as a source of biofuels is an attractive proposition from the point of view that microalgae are photosynthetic renewable resources. They produce oils with high lipid content, have fast growth rates and are capable of growth in saline waters which are unsuitable for agriculture. The most important algae in terms of abundance are Diatoms, green algae, golden algae and Cyanobacteria (prokaryotic microorganisms). These ones are also referred to as microalgae in this project. Green algae and diatoms are the most used for biofuels production, because of their high storage of lipids in oil composition. This project provides an overview in the production of biodiesel from microalgae including different systems of cultivation such as open ponds and closed Photobioreactors, the methods of harvesting biomass and extracting the oil content. Microalgae have the ability to fix CO2 while capturing solar energy more efficiently than terrestrial plants and produce biomass for biodiesel production. Carbon mitigation offers an opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[EN] A review focused on recent advances in intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction of phosphazenes with several carbonyl or analogous compounds is reported. Phosphazenes afford intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction with different groups within the molecule as aldehydes, ketones, esters, thioesters, amides, anhydrides and sulfimides. One of the most important applications of this reaction is the synthesis of a wide range of heterocyclic compounds, ranging from simple monocyclic compounds to complex polycyclic and macrocyclic systems.

We present a classification of three-qubit states based in their three-qubit and reduced two-qubit entanglements. For pure states these criteria can be easily implemented, and the different types can be related with sets of equivalence classes under local unitary operations. For mixed states characterization of full tripartite entanglement is not yet solved in general; some partial results will be presented here. © 2008 EDP Sciences/Società Italiana di Fisica/Springer-Verlag.

Este proyecto consiste en la redacción de un proyecto ejecutivo, en la que se reúnen una serie de documentos fundamentales para llevar a cabo una buena gestión y ejecución de la obra. Estos documentos son, desde las memorias y pliegos de condiciones que definen cada elemento y fase de construcción, pasando por las mediciones y presupuestos de cada partida de la obra; sin olvidarnos de la documentación grafica, base muy importante para la interpretación de la obra. También se recopilan otros documentos como, el proyecto de telecomunicaciones y actividades del aparcamiento y geotécnico, sin olvidar el estudio de seguridad y salud de la obra y el control de calidad de los materiales recepcionados.

L’objecte de l’estudio de seguretat i salut, és establir, durant l’execució d’obra, les previsions respecte a la prevenció de riscs d’accidents i de malalties professionals, així com els derivats dels treballs de reparació, conservació i manteniment, i les instal·lacions preventives de salut i benestar dels treballadors. Servirà per a donar unes directrius bàsiques a l’empresa constructora par a dur a terme les seves obligacions en el camp de la prevenció de riscs professionals, facilitant el seu desenvolupament, sota el control de la direcció facultativa, d’acord amb el Reial Decret 1627/1997 del 24 de Octubre, pel que s’implanta la obligatorietat de la inclusió d’un Estudi de Seguretat i Salut en el treball, en els projectes d’edificació i obres públiques.