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401. Una conversación con fray Gabriel Chávez de la Mora

Author

Afana, Jamil and Afana, Jamil

Abstract

[Resumen] Fray Gabriel Chávez de la Mora (Guadalajara, 26 de noviembre de 1929) es un arquitecto mexicano, monje, liturgista y canónigo honorario de la Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe. Es un hombre con una destacada experiencia en la arquitectura religiosa mexicana y con gran aportación iconográfica propia. Es muy conocido por sus creaciones artísticas de iconografía, pintura, escultura, madera recortada, mobiliario, ajuar litúrgico, orfebrería, vestiduras litúrgicas, vitrales, fierro calado, mosaicos e incluso diseños de portadas de libros. La siguiente conversación con fray Gabriel explora parte de la espiritualidad y la arquitectura religiosa mexicana contemporánea. Fray Gabriel explica sus primeros contactos con la arquitectura religiosa, su experiencia con el Concilio Vaticano II y su aportación arquitectónica particularmente en el recinto sagrado del Tepeyac., [Abstract] Friar Gabriel de la Mora (Guadalajara, November 26, 1929) is a Mexican architect, monk, liturgist and honorary canon of the National Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Santa María de Guadalupe. He has extensive experience in Mexican religious and contemporary architecture and has contributed substantially in the area of iconography. He is well known for his artistic creations of iconography , painting, sculptures, carved wood, furniture, sacred vessels, metalwork, liturgical garments, stained glass, openwork iron, mosaics and also book-cover designs. The following conversation with Friar Gabriel explores spirituality and contemporary Mexican religious architecture. Friar Gabriel details his first contact with religious architecture, his experience with the Second Vatican Council, and his architectural contribution particularly in the sacred site of Tepeyac

402. The justice-reconciliation nexus in Israel/Palestine : mapping a transitional framework amid settler colonialism

Author

Afana, Rimona

Subjects
340, Israel ; Palestine ; Transitional Justice ; Conflict Transformation ; Settler Colonialism ; justice ; Reconciliation
Abstract

As this research is being concluded in September 2017, four milestones in the subjugation of Palestinians are commemorated: 2017 marks one century since the Balfour Declaration, seven decades since the Partition Plan, five decades since the Six Day War, and one decade since the siege on Gaza. The colonization, occupation, and besiegement of Palestinians deepen with impunity, while diplomacy and significant portions of academia and civil society continue to feed an illusory recipe for peace. It was to me a timely endeavour to demystify the abstraction of peace by foregrounding the intersection between justice and reconciliation. I position the justice-reconciliation nexus as the core marker of transitional justice and of conflict transformation in Palestine/Israel, indicative of the repair needed to transcend the impasse. Though justice and reconciliation emerge in the literature as mostly post-settlement concerns and are normatively assumed as synergistic, I evidence both justice and reconciliation are prominent pre-settlement in my site of focus and they exhibit significant incongruences. This exploratory investigation seeks to map the multifaceted, nonlinear meanings surrounding justice and reconciliation presently. To capture this spectrum of idea(l)s and actions, three areas are examined around the justice-reconciliation nexus: its conceptualization, its contextualization, and its operationalization. Conceptualization-wise, I demonstrate the justice-reconciliation nexus is bound to the magnitude of structural violence in Israel/Palestine, one transitional justice has limited capacity to engage. Contextualization-wise, I situate this nexus within a settler colonial structure and track the continuities between this foundational crime and its additional layers of harm: ethnic cleansing, the military occupation, apartheid, protracted non-resolution, third party interventionism, and a culture of pervasive moral apathy. Operationalization-wise, I position civil society as an epistemic community engaged in transitional/transformative efforts amid a non-transitional site. Mapping activism around the justice-reconciliation nexus, I document one stream fixated on justice, working on the citizen vs. state, vertical axis, and another one advancing reconciliation along the people-to-people, horizontal axis. This concept-contextpraxis continuum surfaces the fractures between justice and reconciliation, offering a telescopic view of the difficulty to bridge transitional justice theory to settler colonial studies.

Published
2018

403. Bithalamic Infarction (Artery of Percheron Occlusion) after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Author

B. Afana, Hatem, M. M. Abuhadrous, Nidal, and Eldin Elsharkawy, Alaa

Abstract

Bithalamic infarction resulting from occlusion of the artery of Percheron after cervical spine surgery is a rare pathological entity. Diagnosis and early detection are challenging. Prompt management may help to improve the outcome. We present a case of a 39-year-old male patient, smoker, diagnosed with multiple cervical disc herniations, who underwent Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) for C3-C4, C4-C5, and C5-C6. During the 2-hour and 50-minute surgery, the patient was lying supine with his neck hyperextended. The intraoperative procedure was uneventful. During surgery, blood pressure ranged around 110 mmHg∖50 mmHg. At the end of surgery, the patient’s recovery from general anesthesia was normal with no delaying or complication; on next the day, patient developed a sudden loss of consciousness. Urgent brain computed tomography (CT) was normal; two days later, follow-up CT and CT Angiography (CTA) revealed bilateral thalamic infarction with right vertebral artery occlusion from its origin. Intraoperative surgical manipulation, hypotensive anesthesia, and prolonged neck hyperextension might have contributed to stroke in this patient. ACDF carries a potential risk for posterior circulation stroke. Artery of Percheron infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients developing a sudden loss of consciousness after ACDF. Vertebral artery thrombosis should be taken into account as an important possible cause of embolism.

Published
2019
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404. Научные методы в гуманитаристике

Author

A. Afanasyev

Subjects
метод, гуманитаристика, общая параметрическая теория систем, научность., Epistemology. Theory of knowledge, BD143-237
Abstract

Подходы в гуманитаристике, ориентирующиеся на классические каноны научности, рассматривают метод в строгом смысле, в отличие от расширительного нестрогого понимания метода в других подходах. Тенденция к усилению влияния первых подходов сталкивается с проблемой адекватности метода, преодолеть которую в плане сближения строгих и нестрогих подходов поможет параметрическая теория систем.

Published
2012

406. Genetic Characterization of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Romanian Adult Patients.

Author

Voinescu, Oana Raluca, Ionescu, Bogdana Ioana, Militaru, Sebastian, Afana, Andreea Sorina, Sascau, Radu, Vasiliu, Laura, Onciul, Sebastian, Dobrescu, Mihaela Amelia, Cozlac, Ramona Alina, Cozma, Dragos, Rancea, Raluca, Dragulescu, Bogdan, Andreescu, Nicoleta Ioana, Puiu, Maria, Jurcut, Ruxandra Oana, and Chirita-Emandi, Adela

Subjects
*DILATED cardiomyopathy, *ADULTS, *CARDIAC arrest, *MYOCARDIUM, *PATIENTS
Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a group of disorders affecting the structure and function of the heart muscle, leading to a high risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). DCM frequently involves an underlying genetic etiology. Genetic testing is valuable for risk stratification, treatment decisions, and family screening. Romanian population data on the genetic etiology of DCM are lacking. We aimed to investigate the genetic causes for DCM among Romanian adult patients at tertiary referral centers across the country. Clinical and genetic investigations were performed on adult patients presenting to tertiary hospitals in Romania. The genetic investigations used next-generation sequencing panels of disease-associated DCM genes. A total of 122 patients with DCM underwent genetic testing. The mean age at DCM diagnosis was 41.6 ± 12.4 years. The genetic investigations identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 50.8% of participants, while 25.4% had variants of unknown significance. Disease-causing variants in 15 genes were identified in people with DCM, with 31 previously unreported variants. Variants in TTN, LMNA, and DSP explained 75% of genetic causes for DCM. In total, 52.4% of patients had a family history of DCM/SCD. Left ventricular ejection fraction of <35% was observed in 41.9% of patients with disease-causing variants and 55% with negative or uncertain findings. Further genotype-phenotype correlations were explored in this study population. The substantial percentage (50.8%) of disease-causing variants identified in patients with DCM acknowledges the importance of genetic investigations. This study highlights the genetic landscape in genes associated with DCM in the Romanian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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407. Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and associated risk factors during the second wave of infection in a university community in Cameroon.

Author

Essomba, René Ghislain, Bayibeki, Albert Ngano, Lissom, Abel, Ateba, Pulchérie Thérèse, Seni, Nassif, Fouda, Claude Ariane Nlozoa, Mbitock, Solange Berthe Diwandja, Ebonda, Normand David, Afana, Sylvie Delphine, Akame, Siméon, Tembu, Adelphe Anyang, Ngamaleu, Modeste Romuald, Bimai, Bernard Christel Bihonba, Kabo, Ousmane, Nguwoh, Philipe Salomon, Ngounouh, Christian Taheu, Meka, Moise Christian Junior, Kengne, Michel, Likeng, Julienne‐Louise Ngo, and Kimessoukie, Etienne Omolomo

Subjects
*SARS-CoV-2, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *RAPID diagnostic tests, *MEDICAL specialties & specialists, *SEROPREVALENCE
Abstract

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a public health emergency in all sectors of society, including universities and other academic institutions in Cameroon. However, little is known concerning the real prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections among student communities during the second wave of infection in Cameroon. This study aimed to estimate SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies seroprevalence among participants in a university community in Cameroon. Methodology: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021 in 547 students aged ≥18 years during a mass diagnostic campaign at the School of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Central Africa (ESS/UCAC). The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody screening was done using the Panbio™ COVID‐19 IgG/IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test. Results: The overall seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 27%, of which 89.9% (n = 133) was IgG, 6.7% (n = 10) IgM and 3.4% (n = 5) IgG/IgM positive. The undergraduate students represented 79% (432/547) of the total population and were highly positive with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies 30% (130/432) as compared with postgraduate students 20% (23/115). The total antibody seropositivity was higher in males (34.4%) than females (24.9%). Several factors were associated with an increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence including the male gender (OR: 1.61 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.0–2.4]), specialization to medical laboratory (OR: 2.8 [95% CI 1.1–7.1]) and nursing sciences (OR: 2.6 [95% CI 1.1–6.2]). Conclusion: Our findings point to extensive and underreported circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a university community during the second wave of infection in Cameroon, which likely resulted in artificially low case counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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409. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Author

Elsayed, Basel, Elshoeibi, Amgad M., Elhadary, Mohamed, Ferih, Khaled, Elsabagh, Ahmed Adel, Rahhal, Alaa, Abu-Tineh, Mohammad, Afana, Mohammad S., Abdulgayoom, Mohammed, and Yassin, Mohamed

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL intelligence, *MYELOPROLIFERATIVE neoplasms, *MACHINE learning, *HEMATOLOGIC malignancies, *CLINICAL decision support systems
Abstract

Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of hematopoietic malignancies identified by clonal proliferation of blood cell lineages and encompasses polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The clinical and laboratory features of Philadelphia-negative MPNs are similar, making them difficult to diagnose, especially in the preliminary stages. Because treatment goals and progression risk differ amongst MPNs, accurate classification and prognostication are critical for optimal management. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms provide a plethora of possible tools to clinicians in general, and particularly in the field of malignant hematology, to better improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy planning, and fundamental knowledge. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the application of AI and ML algorithms in patients with diagnosed or suspected Philadelphia-negative MPNs. A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and yielded 125 studies, out of which 17 studies were included after screening. The included studies demonstrated the potential for the practical use of ML and AI in the diagnosis, prognosis, and genomic landscaping of patients with Philadelphia-negative MPNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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410. Signatures of purifying selection and site-specific positive selection on the mitochondrial DNA of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Author

Bahbahani, Hussain, Al-Zoubi, Sanaa, Ali, Fatima, Afana, Arwa, Dashti, Mohammed, Al-Ateeqi, Abdulaziz, Wragg, David, Al-Bustan, Suzanne, and Almathen, Faisal

Subjects
*CAMELS, *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, *CAMELIDAE, *NATURAL selection, *GENETIC code, *AMINO acids
Abstract

• Species-wise mitochondrial DNA distinction among Camelidae family species has been observed. • No geographical-wise nor population-wise genetic distinction can be defined among dromedary camels. • Gene-wide adaptive divergence can be detected between the Old World and New World camels. • Overall gene-wide purifying selection has been defined in Old world camels. • Several codons have been found to be under positive selection in dromedary camels. The two species of the Old World Camelini tribe, dromedary and Bactrian camels, show superior adaptability to the different environmental conditions they populate, e.g. desert, mountains and coastal areas, which might be associated with adaptive variations on their mitochondrial DNA. Here, we investigate signatures of natural selection in the 13-mitochondrial protein-coding genes of different dromedary camel populations from the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and southwest Asia. The full mitogenome sequences of 42 dromedaries, 38 domestic Bactrian, 29 wild Bactrian camels and 31 samples representing the New World Lamini tribe reveal species-wise genetic distinction among Camelidae family species, with no evidence of geographic distinction among dromedary camels. We observe gene-wide signals of adaptive divergence between the Old World and New World camels, with evidence of purifying selection among Old World camel species. Upon comparing the different Camelidae tribes, 27 amino acid substitutions across ten mtDNA protein-coding genes were found to be under positive selection, in which, 24 codons were defined to be under positive adaptive divergence between Old World and New World camels. Seven codons belonging to three genes demonstrated positive selection in dromedary lineage. A total of 89 codons were found to be under positive selection in Camelidae family based on investigating the impact of amino acid replacement on the physiochemical properties of proteins, including equilibrium constant and surrounding hydrophobicity. These mtDNA variants under positive selection in the Camelidae family might be associated with their adaptation to their contrasting environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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411. Prison of the mind.

Author

Afana, Abdul Hamid

Subjects
*COMMUNITY health services, *SOCIAL services, *MENTAL health services, *MENTAL illness, *SOCIAL psychiatry
Abstract

The article presents a reprint of the article "Prison of the Mind," by Abdul Hamid Afana, which appeared in the April-September 1997 issue of "Health Action Issues." It focuses on the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme which aims to mobilize local social services in the community to people to address mental health issues in Palestine.

Published
1999

413. Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among Palestinian females of childbearing age: A case control study

Author

Saleh Nazmy Mwafy, Wesam Mohammad Afana, and Ahmad Mahmoud Tabash

Subjects
Vitamin D deficiency, Females, Childbearing age, Gaza, Palestine, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Summary: Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem and affecting more people in Middle Eastern countries. We set up the present work to investigate vitamin D status and its deficiency determinants among Palestinian females of childbearing age. Materials and methods: In this study follow up interventional study we recruited 50 vitamin D deficient adult females (17–40 years) and were assigned to receive, under physician supervision, a daily oral dosages of vitamin D3 (4000 IU) plus 600 mg of calcium for 3 successive months. Also, we included equal number of apparently healthy individuals as a control for baseline comparisons. Relevant hematological and biochemical parameters were measured, statistically analyzed and compared with control as well as with baseline values. Results: Baseline comparison reveals significant lower hemoglobin level, red blood cell count and significantly higher white blood cell and platelets counts among vitamin D deficient females (P-value

Published
2021
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414. Arthroscopic Treatment of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Elbow

Author

Hatem B. Afana and Thomas Nau

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disorder of synovium that surrounds the joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. The elbow is rarely affected, making it difficult to establish treatment guidelines. This article relates on a case of a male patient who presented with elbow pain and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis was established with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy, followed by arthroscopic removal and synovectomy. The patient was pain free shortly after surgery and gained free range of motion after six weeks. At the most recent follow-up after six months, he remained clinically well. The most recent MRI did not reveal any recurrence.

Published
2022
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415. Physeal-Sparing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction for Skeletally Immature Patients: All-Epiphyseal Technique Using Quadricep Tendon Autograft

Author

Hatem B. Afana and Thomas Nau

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a major stabilizing structure of the knee and one of the most common injured structures. The true incidence of ACL injury in children and adolescents is unknown, but recent studies suggest increased ACL injury rates, especially in the sports-participating population. The mechanism of injury, clinical examination, and diagnosis of ACL injury in children is the same as in adults. The main concerns in the management of pediatric ACL injuries are the open physes and the eventual long-term consequences of the ACL deficient knee. The ideal treatment strategy of pediatric ACL injuries is still controversial, because there is still no universal consensus for techniques, graft choices, and postoperative rehabilitation. We present a case of a 12-year-old male patient who underwent ACL reconstruction using an all-inside, physeal-sparing technique with a quadriceps tendon autograft and discuss the current treatment strategies.

Published
2021
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416. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author

Nebyou Seyoum, Ville Sallinen, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrea Belli, Clare Skerritt, Naomi Wright, Savva Pronin, Azmina Verjee, Oliver Warren, Michele Sacco, Arnav Agarwal, Simon Paterson-Brown, David Evans, Philip Choi, Ashish Gupta, Jonathan Myers, Victor Kong, Michael Wilson, Ewen M Harrison, Mircea Beuran, Ionut Negoi, Zahra Jaffry, Leonardo Solaini, Thomas M Drake, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu, Dhruv Ghosh, Hosni Khairy Salem, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismail Lawani, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Mayaba Maimbo, Alex Makupe, Vanessa Msosa, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Riinu Ots, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Sarah Rayne, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Richard Spence, Richard Lilford, Tom Abbott, Gehad Tawfik, Sebastian King, Alexia Farrugia, Jay Park, Abhishek Sharma, Augusto Zani, Christopher Smith, Jonathan Lund, Stefano Giuliani, John Whitaker, Elaine Borg, Alexis Arnaud, Esther Ferrero, Andrea Ruzzenente, Jennifer Rickard, Yousef Abuowda, Enas Alaloul, Natalie Blencowe, Sanjay Patel, Mark Ian Hampton, Ewen Griffiths, André L Mihaljevic, Elizabeth Evans, Catherine A Shaw, Jennifer Ploski, Mengistu Worku, Ashish Minocha, Shiva Dindyal, Midhun Mohan, Dina Fouad, Christopher Owen, Priya Patel, Sunil Kumar, James Yang, Kevin C Conlon, Sandro Pasquali, Mohamed Mostafa, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Lee, Gareth Irwin, Kjetil Søreide, Catrin Morgan, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Luke Nicholson, Taiwo Lawal, Omolara Williams, Andrey Litvin, Elodie Haraux, James Olivier, Michael Stoddart, Rebecca White, Luigi Bonavina, Chetan Khatri, Stephen O'Neill, Roger Schmid, Stephen Knight, Ahmed Soliman, Carly Bisset, Robert Parker, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Luck, Guo Liang Yong, Tanzeela Gala, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Ye Ru Chin, J Edward Fitzgerald, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Stuart J Fergusson, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Adewale O Adisa, Tomas Poškus, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sebastian Shu, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Ismail Lawini, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Dushyant Iyer, Tom Arthur, MariaLorena Aguilera, Basant Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, YongYong Tew, Ramos-DelaMedina Antonio, Zineb Bent, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Saint Kitts, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Mark Scott, Ragavan Narayanan, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique MendozaBeleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamidkanta, Sayeedaaktar Tori, Md Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Md Shadid Al Amin, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar Margaret, Greg Padmore O'Shea, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernestyemalinstephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo ElDahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, OsamaMokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammadamsyarauni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Radyabdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti NurAlia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah HanumHaji AbdulMajid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamadjeffreybin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan MohdBasir, Citra Dewi MohdAli, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abdelkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady El Hadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajah, Abdelaziz Seliem, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed Elhalawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmedbahaaeldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoudabdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Mennatallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelatymohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdulazizamin, Ahmed Rabiemohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmedredaelsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohyeldeenmahmoud, Islam MagdyEl Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusufshawky, Mohammed Mousasalem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein AhmedAbdelmoenelhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatahibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdymadkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoudabdel Kader, Osama Mohamedsalah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zakieldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoudeid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdelsabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel Raouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdulbassit, Nadia Khalidabdelatif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed Elkashash, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abdelsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Vassilis Kalles, Nada Mohamed Bekheta, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Almeligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Saidelkholy, Badreldineadel Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia mohamedAly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammedbakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldinadel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad‏, Mohamedsalah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Nadia Khaledabdel-Latif, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabiemohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr MohamedFarouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamedfawzy Mahrousbadr, Rofida Elsemelawy AyaEl-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq 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Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan Mcgarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Zhanherr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle D'souza, David Ewart Henshall, Eunicezuling Ter, William English, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammedakil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Madanmohan Palliyil, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Waicheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sobhana Iftekhartani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Cheankhunng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte BliksØen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.

Published
2020
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417. Trends and outcomes of non-primary PCI at sites without cardiac surgery on-site: The early Michigan experience.

Author

Majed Afana, Gerald C Koenig, Milan Seth, Devraj Sukul, Kathleen M Frazier, Sheryl Fielding, Andrea Jensen, and Hitinder S Gurm

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

IntroductionNon-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (non-PPCI) recently received certificate of need approval in the state of Michigan at sites without cardiac surgery on-site (cSoS). This requires quality oversight through participation in the BMC2 registry. While previous studies have indicated the safety of this practice, real-world comprehensive outcomes, case volume changes, economic impacts, and readmission rates at diverse healthcare centers with and without cSoS remain poorly understood.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing non-PPCI at 47 hospitals (33 cSoS and 14 non-cSoS) in Michigan from April 2016 to March 2018 were included. Using propensity-matching, patients were analyzed to assess outcomes and trends in non-PPCI performance at sites with and without cSOS.ResultsOf 61,864 PCI's performed, 50,817 were non-PPCI, with 46,096 (90.7%) performed at sites with cSoS and 4,721 (9.3%) at sites without cSoS. From this cohort, 4,643 propensity-matched patients were analyzed. Rates of major adverse cardiac events (2.6% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.443), in-hospital mortality (0.6% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.465), and several secondary clinical and quality outcomes showed no clinically significant differences. Among a small subset with available post-discharge data, there were no differences in 90-day readmission rates, standardized episode costs, or post-discharge mortality. Overall PCI volume remained stable, with a near three-fold rise in non-PPCI at sites without cSoS.ConclusionsNon-PPCI at centers without cardiac SoS was associated with similar comprehensive outcomes, quality of care, 90-day episode costs, and post-discharge mortality compared with surgical sites. Mandatory quality oversight serves to maintain appropriate equivalent outcomes and may be considered for other programs, including the performance of non-PPCI at ambulatory surgical centers in the near future.

Published
2020
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418. Optimising 4-D surface change detection: an approach for capturing rockfall magnitude–frequency

Author

J. G. Williams, N. J. Rosser, R. J. Hardy, M. J. Brain, and A. A. Afana

Subjects
Dynamic and structural geology, QE500-639.5
Abstract

We present a monitoring technique tailored to analysing change from near-continuously collected, high-resolution 3-D data. Our aim is to fully characterise geomorphological change typified by an event magnitude–frequency relationship that adheres to an inverse power law or similar. While recent advances in monitoring have enabled changes in volume across more than 7 orders of magnitude to be captured, event frequency is commonly assumed to be interchangeable with the time-averaged event numbers between successive surveys. Where events coincide, or coalesce, or where the mechanisms driving change are not spatially independent, apparent event frequency must be partially determined by survey interval.The data reported have been obtained from a permanently installed terrestrial laser scanner, which permits an increased frequency of surveys. Surveying from a single position raises challenges, given the single viewpoint onto a complex surface and the need for computational efficiency associated with handling a large time series of 3-D data. A workflow is presented that optimises the detection of change by filtering and aligning scans to improve repeatability. An adaptation of the M3C2 algorithm is used to detect 3-D change to overcome data inconsistencies between scans. Individual rockfall geometries are then extracted and the associated volumetric errors modelled. The utility of this approach is demonstrated using a dataset of ∼ 9 × 103 surveys acquired at ∼ 1 h intervals over 10 months. The magnitude–frequency distribution of rockfall volumes generated is shown to be sensitive to monitoring frequency. Using a 1 h interval between surveys, rather than 30 days, the volume contribution from small (3) rockfalls increases from 67 to 98 % of the total, and the number of individual rockfalls observed increases by over 3 orders of magnitude. High-frequency monitoring therefore holds considerable implications for magnitude–frequency derivatives, such as hazard return intervals and erosion rates. As such, while high-frequency monitoring has potential to describe short-term controls on geomorphological change and more realistic magnitude–frequency relationships, the assessment of longer-term erosion rates may be more suited to less-frequent data collection with lower accumulative errors.

Published
2018
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419. Satisfaction with a 2-day communication skills course culturally tailored for medical specialists in Qatar

Author

Carma L Bylund, Khalid Alyafei, Abdelhamid Afana, Sheyma Al-Romaihi, Mohammed Yassin, Maha Elnashar, Banan Al-Arab, and Abdullatif Al-Khal

Subjects
Communication skills, faculty development, medical education, physician-patient communication, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Health-care communication skills training may be particularly needed in the Arabian Gulf countries because of the variety of cultures within the physician and patient populations. This study describes the implementation and results of a communication skills training program for physicians in Qatar that assessed previous training, and effect of previous training on participants' course evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a 2-day communication skills training course covering seven culturally adapted modules. Educational strategies included large and small group work with the standardized patient, demonstration videos, and lectures. At the end, participants completed a course evaluation survey. Data analysis performed with SPSS; frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Chi-square test applied to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 410 physicians in Qatar have participated in the course over a period of 2 years. Evaluation ratings of the course were high. Participants rated the module on Breaking Bad News as the most useful, and the small group role-play as the most helpful course component. One-third of participants had previously participated in experiential communication skills training. There was no association between previous experience and evaluation of the course. CONCLUSION: Physicians in Qatar positively evaluated a 2-day communication skills course, though the majority of participants did not have any previous exposure to experiential communication skills training.

Published
2017
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420. Bithalamic Infarction (Artery of Percheron Occlusion) after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Author

Hatem B. Afana, Nidal M. M. Abuhadrous, and Alaa Eldin Elsharkawy

Subjects
Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Bithalamic infarction resulting from occlusion of the artery of Percheron after cervical spine surgery is a rare pathological entity. Diagnosis and early detection are challenging. Prompt management may help to improve the outcome. We present a case of a 39-year-old male patient, smoker, diagnosed with multiple cervical disc herniations, who underwent Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) for C3-C4, C4-C5, and C5-C6. During the 2-hour and 50-minute surgery, the patient was lying supine with his neck hyperextended. The intraoperative procedure was uneventful. During surgery, blood pressure ranged around 110 mmHg∖50 mmHg. At the end of surgery, the patient’s recovery from general anesthesia was normal with no delaying or complication; on next the day, patient developed a sudden loss of consciousness. Urgent brain computed tomography (CT) was normal; two days later, follow-up CT and CT Angiography (CTA) revealed bilateral thalamic infarction with right vertebral artery occlusion from its origin. Intraoperative surgical manipulation, hypotensive anesthesia, and prolonged neck hyperextension might have contributed to stroke in this patient. ACDF carries a potential risk for posterior circulation stroke. Artery of Percheron infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients developing a sudden loss of consciousness after ACDF. Vertebral artery thrombosis should be taken into account as an important possible cause of embolism.

Published
2019
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421. Changes in Vitamin B12, Iron, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroid Autoantibodies and Hematological Indices Levels in Patients Suffering from <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection

Author

Mwafy, Saleh, Afana, Wesam, and Hejazi, Asma

Subjects
Medical / Microbiology
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection has been recognized as a public health problem worldwide with raising prevalence in developing than the developed countries. More than 50% of the world’s population infected, and 80% of infected have no symptoms. Megaloblastic anemia can occur due to impaired DNA synthesis resulting from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate. The development of autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is the main characteristic of autoimmune thyroid disease. H. pylori may decrease absorption of oral thyroxine by decreasing gastric acid secretion in the stomach. H. pylori has important role of in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, vitamin B12 deficiency and malfunctions of human. The primary goal of this chapter is to observe association between H. pylori infection in the gastric mucosa and of autoimmune thyroid diseases vitamin B12 deficiency because eradication of H. pylori can prevent the development of complications.

Published
2022

422. Représentations sociales et imaginaires touristiques au Sénégal : entre réalité et utopie, objectivité et subjectivité, ici et ailleurs

Author

Gaye, Aliou, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), L'Harmattan, François Guiyoba et Vincent Manuel Afana Nga, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Issues, Faits, Sénégal, Enjeux, Facts, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Représentations sociales, Imaginaires touristiques, Tourist imaginaries, Social representations, Senegal
Abstract

International audience; The relations of domination between the countries of North and South, the exhibition of African peoples in Europe and America after the abolition of slavery and the underdevelopment of Africa have left traces and cultural trauma, arousing imaginations, stereotypes and representations between colonizers and colonized, whites and blacks. In Senegal, these mythical figures have proven to be productive thanks to the development of tourism, which has become both a socio-cultural fact, an economic activity and a spatial phenomenon. After having carried out surveys, interviews and participant observations over several months, our article proposes to study social representations and tourist imaginations. If these contribute to the co-production and co-creation of tourist areas, they also participate in the folklorization of cultures. They suggest a metaphorical vision and an alienation of the white world in the minds of the Senegalese.; Les rapports de domination entre les pays du Nord et du Sud, l'exhibition des peuples africains en Europe et en Amérique après l'abolition de l'esclavage et le sous-développement de l'Afrique ont laissé des traces et des traumatismes culturels, suscitant des imaginaires, des stéréotypes et des représentations entre colonisateurs et colonisés, Blancs et Noirs. Au Sénégal, ces figures mythifiées se sont révélées productives grâce au développement du tourisme, devenu à la fois un fait socioculturel, une activité économique et un phénomène spatial. Après y avoir réalisé des enquêtes, des entretiens et des observations participantes durant plusieurs mois, notre article propose d'étudier les représentations sociales et les imaginaires touristiques. Si ceux-ci contribuent à la co-production et à la co-création des espaces touristiques, ils participent également à la folklorisation des cultures. Ils laissent supposer une vision métaphorique et une aliénation du monde blanc dans l'esprit des Sénégalais.

Published
2021

423. Orhan Pamuk and the East-West Dichotomy

Author

Emilia Parpală and Rimona Afana

Subjects
enunciation, identity, miniature, portrait, My Name is Red, Orhan Pamuk, Literature (General), PN1-6790
Abstract

The paper focuses on the manner in which O. Pamuk deconstructs the East-West dichotomy in his allegoric novel My Name is Red. We consider that the following isotopies are relevant for the interface between literature and the postmodern discourse on interculturalism and transculturation: (a) dialogism and indirectness (Pamuk replaced Eco’s semiotic theme with an identity theme, thus suggesting a retrospective reading of The Name of the Rose as a novel of European Christian identity); (b) the liminality of the chronotop (the decline of the Ottoman power, Istanbul as a transitional and cosmopolitan space); (c) the issue of style: miniature vs. portrait (the theocentric Islamic art vs. the anthropocentric Western art); (d) the polyphonic enunciation (Pamuk practises a literature of view points, a combination of Eastern and Western styles). Detrimental to political theories, the Turkish Nobel Prize winner pleads for an authentic personal and national identity, for the need for keeping the integrity through synthesis, tolerance, faith and self-consciousness.

Published
2013
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425. Teaching Grammar Communicatively for Sixth Graders in Gaza Strip: A suggested Framework

Author

El Tanani, Asma Ahmed, Afana, Ezzo, and Al-masri, Nazmi

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the existing grammar teaching techniques for sixth graders in Gaza Strip in order to suggest a practical framework of effective and appropriate techniques for teaching grammar communicatively for Palestinian sixth graders. It also aimed at investigating whether the suggested framework develops sixth graders' performance to use the language in context and inspires their attitudes to be positive towards communicative grammar teaching. To fulfill the aims of the study, the researcher followed the experimental approach besides the descriptive analytical one. She used three tools to collect the needed data: an observation card, a test and an attitude scale. The observation card has presented the techniques, stages and procedures that English language teacher should implement while teaching grammar and the pedagogy of teaching grammar in the light of communicative language teaching. The observation card was shown to ten experts for benefiting from their comments in regard to any potential modifications, additions and deletions to achieve validity. Reliability was examined through the help of two colleague teachers who volunteered to observe three teachers while teaching grammar lessons in their classes. Because traditional practices of grammar teaching still dominate our Palestinian classrooms, and this situation has negative effects on language learning, the researcher prepared a suggested framework to teach grammar communicatively for 6th graders in Gaza Strip. It clarifies how to teach 6th graders grammar communicatively and it presents a number of effective and appropriate techniques and procedures to teach grammar more effectively. Therefore, it provides lesson plans for all the included grammar lessons in English for Palestine Grade 6. After that, the researcher used a test to measure the effectiveness of the suggested framework on sixth graders' performance to use grammar in context. In order to explore the attitudes of sixth grade students toward the affective and the linguistic benefits of the communicative approach, an attitude scale was used. The results of the analysis show the following: Sixth grade English language teachers do not use neither effective nor appropriate techniques or procedures to teach grammar communicatively. Regarding the results of the test, the experimental group students outperformed the control group students to use language in context. In other words, the suggested framework of teaching grammar communicatively is proved to be effective and beneficial. Sixth graders agreed on gaining linguistic and affective benefits of the communicative grammar teaching method. So, the suggested framework of teaching grammar communicatively enhances sixth graders' positive attitudes. Based on the study findings, the researcher recommended the Education Development Centre in UNRWA and the Ministry of Education to hold workshops in order to train English language teachers how to teach grammar communicatively. Besides, it is recommended to prepare several frameworks for teaching grammar lessons communicatively for English for Palestine Series.

Published
2013

426. The Impact of Lexical and Cohesive Devices Knowledge on 11th Graders' Reading Comprehension

Author

Al-farra, Raid Helmi Hafez, Afana, Ezzo Ismael, and Amer, Walid Mohammed

Abstract

This Study aimed at recognizing the impact of vocabulary and cohesive devices knowledge, especially pronouns and conjunctions, on the literary 11th graders' reading comprehension. The researcher here applied pre and post tests on a random sample of two intact classes of sixty literary 11th male graders divided into control and experimental groups. These sixty learners represented nearly 38 % of the learners the researcher has been teaching English. The first part of the pre-test represented vocabulary test and the second one; pronouns and conjunctions test. This pre- test was applied on the learners' of both groups to diagnose their abilities and to know whether both groups were equal in their knowledge. After the researcher made sure that both groups were approximately equal regarding their previous knowledge in terms of vocabulary, pronouns and conjunctions, he subjected these graders to some treatment during eight lessons through three texts from the graders' syllabus in terms of vocabulary and the meant devices. After that, the researcher carried out a post-test to identify the effect of knowledge of vocabulary and cohesive devices on students' reading comprehension skill. Both tests were carried out during the second term of 2011. The researcher discovered that each independent variable, either vocabulary or pronouns, remarkably and positively affected reading comprehension. Moreover, each independent variable has the ability to predict reading comprehension. However, vocabulary affected reading comprehension more than pronouns and conjunctions did. In conclusion, the researcher recommended carrying out further studies to identify the effect of either increasing or decreasing pronouns in a text on reading comprehension and critical thinking.

Published
2011

427. The Effect of Using a Comprehensive Approach for Teaching High Frequency Words on Developing the Writing Skill of Seventh Graders in Gaza

Author

Abu Ghazalah, Iyad Ibrahim Mustafa, Afana, Ezzo Ismaeil, and Almasri, Nazmi

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of using a comprehensive approach for teaching high frequency words on developing the writing skills of seventh graders in Gaza. Sample of the study consisted of 59 male students. The sample was purposively chosen from Nuseirat Prep. Boys School "B". It was divided into two groups, experimental consisted of 29 and control group consisted of 30 students. The two groups were equivalent in their previous learning , achievement in English language in general and achievement in writing and spelling in particular. To collect data and achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used three tools, card analysis to determine the most frequent words in English for Palestine grades 5,6 and 7, pre/ post achievement tests( spelling and writing) and a portfolio to measure the progress in writing skills. Data gathered from the card analysis revealed that there were 150 words that are frequently used in reading and writing exercises in the three grades. The researcher pre-tested the two groups in spelling and writing. The comprehensive approach was used to teach the experimental group while the traditional method was used with the control group. The two groups were tested again in spelling and writing after the application of the experiment. The results were statistically analyzed. The study findings revealed that there were significant differences between the mean scores attained by the experimental group and those by the control group in favor of the experimental group. This was due to the comprehensive approach. Post intervention data indicated a remarkable increase in the experimental group's achievement in writing skills and ability to transfer their knowledge of spelling skills into daily writing.

Published
2010

428. A Suggested Responding Approach for Teaching Poetry to Junior English Students at the IUG

Author

El-hindi, Yusuf Hosain Deeb, Habeeb, Akram, and Afana, Ezzo

Abstract

This dissertation introduces a suggested approach to teaching poetry. It consists of Five chapters. Chapter One involves an introduction for the study in which the researcher writes about present reality of English language teaching in theGazastrip , modern attitudes towards teaching English, poetry teaching in our universities and an alternative technique for teaching poetry. After that, statement of the problem is given. This is followed with the questions of the study, definition of terms and the limitations of the study. Shortcomings comes at the end of the chapter. Chapter two begins with the theoretical framework for the suggested approach; a review of the previous studies follows. The review is divided into two sections: overview of literature usage in language teaching process and Review of using reader response in teaching literary works. Chapter Three is the methodology of the study. In the methodology, the researcher writes about the population and the sample of the study, used tools, and the procedures. The sample of the study is (39) female students who are enrolled to 2006/2007 summer course. Concerning the tools, the researcher uses two tools in this study: a checklist of Content Elements and a checklist of Technical Skills. Finally, this chapter ends with an analysis of the findings of the study which shows that: Overall availability of Content items in learners’ responses is (77.4%) and the percents of their presence vary between (53.58% - 94.78%). Overall availability of technical items in learners’ responses is (59.46%) and the availability rates of grammar, punctuation, and writing skills vary between (76.56%), (52.95%) and (42.56%) respectively. Statistical difference related to some contents items are found between pre and the post experiment in learners' responses. Furthermore, differences are found in the checklist as whole. These differences are in favor of post experiment. However, no statistical differences are found in the others. Statistical differences related to the technical items are found between the pre and the post experiment in grammar, punctuation, writing skills and in the checklist as whole. These differences are in favor of post experiment Chapter Four is devoted to introducing the approach. It consists of three pillar: eclectic use of the theories of criticism, making use of the approaches for teaching literature and using an effective teaching aid or technique which helps achieve the goal of the lesson. In the light of that, the researcher sheds light on some of the theories and approaches from which the suggested approach emerges. In this part, the researcher introduces the assumptions of the theories that intersect with reader response theory and the assumptions of literature approaches. This is followed with the importance of eclectic use of theories and approaches. After that, a delineation of the checklist items is made. Finally, rational behind involving each item in the checklist is made. In chapter five, the researcher applies emerging approach on Cecil Harrison's poem" The War is Never Over". The application of the approach is performed to prove the replicability of the approach. During that application another technique is used. Next, in the light of the study, the researcher introduces recommendations for: learners, teachers, the university system and further studies.

Published
2008

429. اخطاء المتلازمات اللفظية التي يقع فيها طلبة اللغة الانجليزية والصحافة في الجامعة الاسلامية بغزة

Author

El Mashharawi, Aya Khaled, Afana, Ezzo Ismael, and Al-masri, Nazmi Abed Elsalam

Abstract

The present study aims at identifying, classifying and analyzing collocation errors made by English and journalism majors at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). Following the descriptive analytical research, qualitative and quantitative analyses of collocation errors were examined from three dimensions: collocation background knowledge of native language (NL: Arabic) and foreign language (FL: English) a comprehensive developed model of collocation categories (collocation range, collective nouns, compounds and binominals) specific knowledge fields (political, educational and daily life collocations) The participants of this study were engaged in a survey sample that consisted of (245) Palestinian female and male English language majors and journalism majors enrolled in the fourth level within the second semester of the academic year (2007) at the IUG. English majors (Arts and Education) were (202) and journalism majors were (43). To fulfill the aims of the study, a list of collocations was designed as a pilot study to build a diagnostic test. The collocations list data was compiled from multiple reliable and valuable language resources. This list is divided into two parts: the first part presents collocations within English language; the second part presents collocations across English and Arabic language. This preliminary list was given to (10) English language instructors, from the IUG, El Azhar University, and El Aqsa University to determine the most common collocations used in the Palestinian society. In the light of the instructors' choice of the most common collocations included in the list, the diagnostic test was constructed. The diagnostic test consists of two main parts: the first part is related to collocations used within English language. This part has three closed questions: matching, multiple choice, and crossing out the odd collocation. The second part is a translation task that relates to collocations used across English and Arabic language. This part consists of three translation questions: translation from English into Arabic and vice versa, in addition to choosing the suitable translation of the given collocations. Both main parts of the test were viewed as complementary indicators for the students' proficiency in this linguistic area. Via the test, the participants' collocation errors were identified, classified and exemplified according to the pre-mentioned dimensions. Also, analytical reasons beyond committing those errors were explored. Percentages, Kuder-Richardson 20 Method, Person Correlation Coefficient, Spearman-Brown Coefficient, Independent Sample T Test, and Kruskal Wallis Test were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that: The English language and journalism majors at the IUG made different types of collocation errors which manifested their lower and deficient competence in using collocations within English language and in dealing with such collocations across Arabic and English language. Such weak linguistic performance is attributed for various reasons. Both majors demonstrated limited collocation knowledge as they depended on interlingual and intralingual transfers which gave rise to different collocation errors in the first dimension. Both majors failed in differentiating the meanings of collocation items of the same range in different contexts according to the deviant responses recorded in the second dimension. Collocation error types made in the third dimension revealed that both majors had insufficient exposure to practical opportunities and real life experience and situations realted to the English language collocations. Dealing with collocations across Arabic and English language is a problematic spot and an error-generating area for both majors rather than using collocations within English language. The journalism majors' collocation errors are higher than those made by the English majors The male students demonstrated a lower level of collocation competence than the female students. The higher level of academic achievement is, the less collocation errors are and vice versa. Based on the results provided by the current study, recommendations are provided in a form of a pedagogical framework for English language teachers, English and journalism majors, the learning materials designers; the English and journalism departments, and finally for further research. This framework intertwines practical educational ideas with various and proper techniques that are relevant to teaching and learning collocations. This proposed framework can help tackle the issue of collocation errors made by English and journalism majors at the IUG, and encourage collocations build up.

Published
2008

430. Evaluating English Writing Assessment in the 10th Grade at Gaza Schools with Regards to the Contemporary Trends

Author

Sobeh, Hosni Mohammad, Afana, Ezzo Ismail, and Al-masri, Nazmi Ihsan

Abstract

This descriptive analytic study aims at evaluating English writing assessment in the 10th grade at Govermental Gaza schools with regards to the contemporary trends in the scholastic year 2006-2007. It sought to determine the existence of the contemporary trends in assessing the 10th grade students' writing inGazaschools. Based on the previous studies, literature review and the theoretical framework, the researcher designed a questionnaire to investigate the extent to which the contemporary methods of assessment are used by the 10th grade teachers. The questionnaire involved 10 assessment methods as follows: Testing, observation, portfolios, self-assessment, peer-assessment, journals, interviews and conferences, rubrics, anecdotal records and checklists. Validity and reliability were achieved through refereeing the questionnaire by a panel of experts and the statistical procedures. The traditional methods of assessment, testing and observation got the highest score in a percentage of 63.8% for testing followed by observation in a percentage of 62.8%. The rest of the eight method which were classified as the contemporary methods got low percentages. Their percentage ranged between 28.7% " to 22.4%. The results indicated that most teachers still rely on the traditional methods in assessing their students' writing. Recommendation were drawn to adopt the contemporary methods of assessment that suit our context inGaza. That should comprise all levels of the education system including the Ministry of Education , supervisors, principals and the teachers.

Published
2007

431. Levels of Reflective Teaching among the Student Teachers of English in Gaza Universities

Author

Ferwana, Mamdouh Khader, Keshta, Awad, and Afana, Ezzo

Abstract

This study aims at measuring the level of reflective teaching among student teachers of English in Gaza universities (The Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Azhar University 2004 -2005) by answering the following questions: 1- What is the level of background about the reflective teaching approach among the student teachers of English in Gaza universities? 2- What do the student teachers of English in Gaza universities think about the values (importance) of the reflective teaching in their teaching performances? 3- What is the Level of practicing the reflective teaching among the student teachers of English in Gaza Universities? 4- Are there differences at (α ≤ 0.05) level between the levels of background about the reflective teaching among the student teachers of English in the two Gaza universities (The Islamic University of Gaza – Al-Azhar University) due to the university variable? 5- Are there differences at (α ≤ 0.05) level between the levels of thinking about the values (importance) of the reflective teaching among the student teachers of English in the two Gaza universities (The Islamic University of Gaza – Al-Azhar University) due to the university variable? 6- Are there differences at (α ≤ 0.05) level between the levels of practicing reflective teaching among the student teachers of English in the two Gaza universities (The Islamic University of Gaza – Al-Azhar University) due to the university variable? To fulfill the aims of the study, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach. He used different tools to collect the needed information. He prepared a test is to know to what extent the student teachers are familiar (having background) with the reflective teaching approach, questionnaire to know what the student teachers think about the reflective teaching and its values and an Observation card to measure the level of reflective teaching among the Student teachers of English in Gaza Universities. The researcher applied the tools of the study on 66 student teachers as a random sample. Percentages, means, Pearson correlation formula, Alpha Cronbach, Kuder-Richardson Formulas 21,Cooper Test, T test and Mann Whitney test were used for analyzing the data statistically. The results of the test show that the student teachers of English in the two universities (The Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Azhar University) had a little educational background about the reflective teaching approach. The results of the questionnaire show that the student teachers of English in the two universities (The Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Azhar University) had positive thinking about the reflective teaching approach. The results of the Observation card showed that the student teachers of English in the two universities (The Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Azhar University) had a low level of practicing the reflective teaching approach. There were not statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) level between averages of levels of background about, levels of thinking about, and levels of practicing the reflective teaching among student teachers of English in Gaza universities due to the university variable. The study concluded with some relevant recommendations for trainee teachers and teachers of English, universities and faculties of Education, supervisors and schools principals (headmasters and headmistresses) and the Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher education. The most significant recommendations were as follows: - Teachers should look again into their work and try to employ the reflective approach. - Teachers should know that reflective approach is one of the keys of their advancement in their work. - Teachers should think deeply in their performance and try to develop it. - Teachers should be cognizant of the idea and the importance of the reflective teaching approach as a fruitful approach. - Universities should highlight the importance of the reflective teaching approach - Universities should make sure that the reflective teaching approach is under focus in methodology syllabuses. - Supervisors and school principals should encourage collaborative and cooperative professionalism and promote the adoption of the reflective teaching approach. - Supervisors and school principals should recognize this approach, its principles and its role in improving education and the teaching process in Palestinian schools. - Supervisors and school principals should encourage and recompense the successful and the active reflective teachers. - The Ministry of Education should motivate researchers to focus on the importance of reflective teaching of other branches of sciences. - The Ministry should provoke and help teachers to look critically at their work and try to give them some hints to employ this approach. - The Ministry should recognize that applying the reflective teaching approach means a step towards positive changes in higher education teaching towards the Total Quality Management.

Published
2006

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