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Automatically generating descriptions for disaster news images could effectively accelerate the spread of disaster message and lighten the burden of news editors from tedious news materials. Image caption algorithms are remarkable for generating captions directly from the content of the image. However, current image caption algorithms trained on existing image caption datasets fail to describe the disaster images with fundamental news elements. In this paper, we developed a large-scale disaster news image Chinese caption dataset (DNICC19k), which collected and annotated enormous news images related to disaster. Furthermore, we proposed a spatial-aware topic driven caption network (STCNet) to encode the interrelationships between these news objects and generate descriptive sentences related to news topics. STCNet firstly constructs a graph representation based on objects feature similarity. The graph reasoning module uses the spatial information to infer the weights of aggregated adjacent nodes according to a learnable Gaussian kernel function. Finally, the generation of news sentences are driven by the spatial-aware graph representations and the news topics distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that STCNet trained on DNICC19k could not only automatically creates descriptive sentences related to news topics for disaster news images, but also outperforms benchmark models such as Bottom-up, NIC, Show attend and AoANet on multiple evaluation metrics, achieving CIDEr/BLEU-4 scores of 60.26 and 17.01, respectively., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest concerning the publication of this manuscript., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

The "Golden Triangle" is located on the border between Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand, and slash-and-burn cultivation is an ancient and typical land type in this region. With the development of the "The Belt and Road" strategy of China and the climate change, the vegetation information is bound to change intensively under the combined influence of alternative plantation projects and economic policies. Here we used MOD13Q1-normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data to analyze the variation of vegetation coverage and its correlation with climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) during the period of 2000-2018 by using trend analysis, stability analysis, and partial correlation analysis. The results showed that the overall vegetation coverage of this region exerted the trend of improvement and became more stable over time. Spatially, the agglomeration degree became weaker as time goes during 2000-2018. The precipitation was more closely correlated with NDVI than temperature, indicating that precipitation could be the main limiting factor influencing vegetation change in this area. The correlation between NDVI and climatic factors exhibited differences among different seasons, with NDVI being less correlated with temperature and precipitation in spring and summer and more correlated with them in autumn and winter. Investigating the long-term vegetation coverage of this region and analyzing the trend of climate change is beneficial to understand the development trend of the ecological environment and resource potential in this region. Simultaneously, it can provide a favorable ecological evaluation for The Belt and Road strategy and provide important scientific suggestions and guidance for the sustainable development of ecosystems and human society under the drastic environmental changes., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This phase III trial aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of fuzuloparib (formerly fluzoparib) versus placebo as a maintenance treatment after response to second- or later-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with high-grade, platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer., Patients and Methods: Patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer previously treated with at least two platinum-based regimens were assigned (2:1) to receive fuzuloparib (150 mg, twice daily) or matching placebo for 28-day cycles. The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by blinded independent review committee (BIRC) in the overall population and PFS by BIRC in the subpopulation with germline BRCA 1/2 mutation., Results: Between April 30, 2019, and January 10, 2020, 252 patients were randomly assigned to the fuzuloparib (n = 167) or placebo (n = 85). As of July 1, 2020, the median PFS per BIRC assessment in the overall population was significantly improved with fuzuloparib treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.36; one-sided P < .0001) compared with that with placebo. The HR derived from a prespecified subgroup analysis showed a consistent trend of benefit in patients with germline BRCA 1/2 mutations (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.28) or in those without mutations (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.74). The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events reported in the fuzuloparib group were anemia (25.1%), decreased platelet count (16.8%), and decreased neutrophil count (12.6%). Only one patient (0.6%) discontinued fuzuloparib because of treatment-related toxicity (concurrent decreased white blood cell count and neutrophil count)., Conclusion: Fuzuloparib as maintenance therapy achieved a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS for patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer versus placebo, regardless of germline BRCA 1/2 mutation, and showed a manageable safety profile.

Lipid droplet (LD) is a kind of subcellular organelle, which originates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). LDs can move flexibly between other organelles and store energy in the cells. In recent years, LDs and lipid droplet-associated proteins have attracted added attention at home and abroad, especially in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease (IHD), have always been the focus of attention because of their high morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis and myocardial remodeling are two important pathologic processes of IHD, and LDs and other organelles are involved in the development of the disease. The interaction between LDs and ER is involved in the formation of foam cells in atherosclerosis. And LDs, mitochondria, and lysosomes also affect the remodeling of cardiomyocytes by affecting ROS production and regulating PI3K/AKT pathways. In this article, we will review the role of LDs in IHD., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

This research revealed that 15 modules were obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, among which the magenta and blue modules were significantly associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). There were 121 genes in the magenta module and 1022 genes in the blue module. Through differently expressed genes analysis, significant differences were shown in 134 genes (88 were up-regulated and 46 were down-regulated). 34 immune-key genes were obtained after three types of genes were crossed. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes were mainly enriched in cytokine receptor activity and immune receptor activity. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, 10 hub genes were obtained: SERPINE1, ZBTB16, CD44, BCL6, HMOX1, SLC11A1, CEACAM8, ITGA5, SOCS3 , and IL4R . Through immune-infiltration analysis, significant differences were demonstrated in four immune cells: CD8 + T cells, resting NK cells, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells, and a significant positive correlation was shown between CD8 + T cells and macrophages M2, or between the other two cells. CEACAM8 was positively correlated with CD8 + T cells and macrophages M2, and negatively correlated with the other two cells while the remaining nine genes showed the opposite. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that both the differential immune cells and 10 hub genes had good diagnostic values. In GSE122063, the hub genes were verified and BCL6, CD44, HMOX1, IL4R, ITGA5, and SOCS3 were up-regulated. Meanwhile, hub genes was up-regulated in the brain tissues of AD rats. This study is of great significance for the diagnosis and therapy of AD.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the vital causes of morbidity and mortality, and the number of deaths from CVD has increased worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a novel type of endogenous noncoding RNA, which can form covalent closed continuous rings and are highly expressed in the eukaryotic transcriptome. In recent years, research on circRNAs have been increasing and the researchers have also become cumulatively aware of the association between circRNAs and CVD. This review highlights the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs and the role in cardiovascular diseases., (© 2021. University of Navarra.)

Purpose: Fluzoparib (PARP inhibitor) showed promising antitumor activity for advanced ovarian cancer in a phase I study. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fluzoparib in patients with germline BRCA1/2 -mutated recurrent ovarian cancer., Patients and Methods: This open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase II study enrolled patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutation who had previously received two to four lines of platinum-based chemotherapy. Fluzoparib 150 mg was administered orally twice daily. The primary endpoint was independent review committee (IRC)-assessed objective response rate per RECIST v1.1., Results: A total of 113 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of fluzoparib. As of data cutoff on March 21, 2020, the median follow-up period was 15.9 months (interquartile range, 13.5-18.5). The IRC- and investigator-assessed objective response rates were 69.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 60.6-78.2] and 70.8% (95% CI, 61.5-79.0), respectively. The objective response rates were similar across all prespecified subgroups. The median IRC- and investigator-assessed progression-free survival was 12.0 months (95% CI, 9.3-13.9) and 10.3 months (95% CI, 9.2-12.0), respectively. The 12-month survival rate was 93.7% (95% CI, 87.2-96.9). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 63.7% (72/113) of the patients, with the most common one being anemia/decreased hemoglobin. Adverse events that led to treatment interruption, dose reduction, and discontinuation occurred in 39.8%, 34.5%, and 0.9% of patients, respectively. One treatment-related death occurred., Conclusions: Fluzoparib demonstrated promising antitumor activity and acceptable safety profile in germline BRCA1/2 -mutated, platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. Thus, fluzoparib might be a novel treatment option for this population., (©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of five leading causes of cancer related death among women worldwide. Although treatment has been improving, the survival rate has barely improved over the past 30 years. The fatality rate is due to asymptomatic early signs and the lack of long-term effective treatment strategies for advanced disease. Angiogenesis is an important process in tumour growth and metastasis and is the creation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels. It is a dynamic and complex process involving various molecular regulatory pathways and multiple mechanisms. The inhibition of angiogenesis has become a recognized therapeutic strategy for many solid tumours. While benefits in progression-free survival have been observed, the OS is far from satisfactory for OC patients who receive antiangiogenic therapy. In this article, the present research status of angiogenesis in OC was reviewed and the reasons for poor antiangiogenic therapeutic effects was explored with the aim to identify potential therapeutic targets that may improve the effect of antiangiogenic therapies.

QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the dose-effect relationship of its intervention in the reactive myocardial fibrosis is elusive. In this work, rat models of reactive myocardial fibrosis induced by partial abdominal aortic coarctation were constructed and randomly classified into the model group, 3-methyladenine group, rapamycin group, QSYQ low-dose group, QSYQ medium-dose group, QSYQ high-dose group, and sham-operated rats (control group). We revealed that QSYQ lowered the heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) levels in a dose-dependent mechanism. Additionally, QSYQ increased the number of autophagosomes, and the expression of myocardial Beclin-1 and LC3B. In contrast, it reduced the expression of myocardial p62 and decreased the ratios of myocardial p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR. In conclusion, our results have revealed that QSYQ impacts anti-reactive myocardial fibrosis in a dose-dependent mechanism which is mediated by the activation of myocardial autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is an important oil-based way for the industrial production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), but has proved to be plagued by a high operating temperature and low efficiency. Therefore, environmentally friendly and metal-free catalysts are in high demand for green chemical processes. In view of the stronger electronegativity of borazine (B 3 N 3 ) and convenience of constructing a two-dimensional structure because of the coplanarity of B 3 N 3 , the acetenyl group, and the benzene ring, herein, we report a novel controllable B 3 N 3 doped activated carbon (B,N-ACs) synthesized using B 3 N 3 -containing arylacetylene resin for dehydrochlorination of 1,2-DCE. The result is activated carbon loaded with B 3 N 3 -doped carbon nanosheets on the surface due to the B 3 N 3 -containing arylacetylene resin grown on the surface of activated carbons. The B,N-ACs deliver excellent catalytic performance, with a 1,2-DCE conversion of ∼92.0% and VCM selectivity over 99.9% at 250 °C, significantly higher than that of the current catalysts in the industry. The results further verified that pyridinic-N and the internal B 3 N 3 play significant roles in this catalysis. The new green, metal-free B,N-ACs with excellent catalytic efficiency make it a promising catalyst for dehydrochlorination of 1,2-DCE to produce VCM., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The structural modification of graphene at the atomic level is crucial for electrochemical applications. Doping heteroatoms to modify the structure of graphene has widely been adopted. However, the construction and controllable doping of heteroatom-doped graphene remains a challenge. Herein, a novel semisynthetic method is developed to synthesize a borazine (B 3 N 3 )-containing acetylenic compound as a precursor, and a series of B 3 N 3 -doped few-layered graphene nanosheets are prepared after annealing at different temperatures. To form graphene sheets, the in situ-forming MgBrCl salt is used as an intercalation agent to enlarge the mutual distance between molecules, which can inhibit the unwanted cross-linking reaction. Nanosheets with different thicknesses of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.1 nm can be obtained at annealing temperatures of 1500, 1200, and 1000 °C, respectively. The results demonstrate that the B and N atoms are co-doped in the graphene by the structure of B 3 N 3 , and the doping site can be changed with different annealing temperatures. The optical gap of graphene can be successfully opened by doping with B 3 N 3 , and the resultant material can be potentially utilized as a catalyst and semiconductor material. Furthermore, this new semisynthetic strategy will offer the opportunity to fabricate more carbon materials via controllable heteroatom doping.

Background: Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, and its complications can impair function. Numerous operations have been described for reconstructing the ruptured tendon, but these methods can compromise microcirculation in the tendon and can seriously impair its healing. Suturing with a minimally invasive tenocutaneous technique soon after the rupture and systematic functional exercise can greatly reduce the possibility of complications., Methods: Between June 1996 and February 2009, we treated 88 patients (54 males; age range, 21-66 years) with this method., Results: After follow-up ranging from 1-7 years, the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hind foot score was 95 (range, 90-98), and the maximum length of postoperative scarring was 3 cm. One patient re-ruptured his Achilles tendon one year after surgery in an accident, but after 10 months, the repaired tendon was still intact. In another patient, the nervus suralis was damaged during surgery by piercing the tension suture at the near end, causing postoperative numbness and swelling. The tension suture was quickly removed, and the patient recovered well with conservative treatment. No large irregular scars, such as those sustained during immobilization, were present over the Achilles tendon., Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous suturing can restore the original length and continuity of the Achilles tendon, is minimally invasive, and has fewer postoperative complications than other methods.

It has been reported that OIC-A006, an osteogenically inducible compound, is able to promote osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we used a rabbit critical-sized segmental radial defect model (CSD) (15 mm) to analyse the osteogenic activity of OIC-A006 in non-cell-seeded tissue engineering bone substitutes. The scaffold carrier was bovine sintered bone "true bone ceramic (TBC)". OIC-A006 was delivered by PLGA (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) microspheres. Drug-free PLGA microspheres and rhBMP-2-loaded PLGA microspheres were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Three kinds of composite were fabricated by coupling TBC, type-I collagen and the corresponding microspheres. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Group A: defect only, (2) group B:TBC/Collagen/drug-free-microspheres, (3) group C:TBC/Collagen/ OIC-A006-microspheres, (4) group D: TBC/Collagen/rhBMP-2-microspheres. The samples were analysed by histology, X-ray,microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and biomechanical analyses. The results showed that OIC-A006 promoted bone regeneration to a remarkable extent. It is suggested that the application of OIC-A006 might be a valuable method in bone tissue engineering for healing large segmental defects of long bones. However, the biomechanical strength was a little inferior to that of BMPs.

To elucidate the mechanisms of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)-mediated signaling in the regulation of proliferation in ER-positive and ER-negative endometrial cancer cells, two human endometrial carcinoma cell lines, Ishikawa (ER-positive) and KLE (ER-negative), were used. PCR and Western blot analyses were used to determine the effects of estrogen stimulation on the activation of Notch and GPR30-PI3K/AKT signaling. Cell growth was investigated using MTT assays. Overexpression of ER in ER-negative cells was achieved by plasmid transfection and was used to investigate the effects on cellular growth and Notch signaling. GPR30-mediated signaling was evaluated using siRNA interference. Estrogen stimulated cell proliferation in both cell lines, it activated Notch signaling in ER-positive Ishikawa cells, but not in ER-negative KLE cells. Blockade of this signaling by a Notch inhibitor resulted in partial arrest of estrogen-induced cell proliferation in Ishikawa cells. Overexpression of ER in KLE cells restored estrogen-enhanced Notch signaling and further promoted cell growth. GPR30, as a new G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor, was detected in both cell lines, but was stronger in ER-negative KLE cells. Depletion of GPR30 in KLE cells abolished estrogen-induced PI3K/AKT signaling activation and resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation. Conclusively, regulation of proliferation in nuclear ER-positive endometrial cancer cells is mediated by both ER-Notch signaling and GPR30-PI3K/AKT signaling, whereas only the latter pathway is involved in the regulation of growth in nuclear ER-negative endometrial cancer cells.

Bone morphogenesis proteins (BMPs) are one of the potent bone-forming factors. However, the safety, utility, and cost effectiveness of BMPs must be considered. Nowadays, there has been substantial interest in developing a chemical compound that safely promotes bone formation and facilitates fracture repair. Based on previous research with high throughout screening assay, we found one potent osteogenic inductive compound, named as OIC-A006 (Osteogenic inducible compound-active 006), which is classified in the amine family. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inducing effects of OIC-A006 on osteogenesis by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that OIC-A006, at different concentrations, especially at optimal concentration of 6.25 microM, could stimulate BMSCs to express alkaline phosphatase (ALP), core-binding factor a1 (Cbfa1), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), and to form calcified nodules in vitro. Under the bone tissue culture conditions, OIC-A006 also stimulated new bone formation of murine calvarial and metatarsal bone, indicating that OIC-A006 may exert positive effects on osteogenesis. Furthermore, to elucidate the in vivo osteogenic potential of OIC-A006, we used a rabbit skull defect model treated with sustained release microcapsules (OIC-A006/PLGA-MC) injected s.c. adjacent to the defect. These results revealed, for the first time, that OIC-A006 has the potential to promote osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This new compound may provide a new alterative agent for growth factors to promote bone healing and bone regeneration.

By using moving split-window techniques (MSWT), this study estimated how far the edge effects penetrated the forest and agricultural fields in the arid valley of upper reaches of Minjiang River, southwestern China. Its aim was to provide general information on vegetation along edge to interior gradients in order to assist in interpretation and prediction of biological phenomena associated with agriculture-forestry boundary, and to improve current management practices in such areas. Three types of boundaries (10 transects) were investigated and sampled. The results showed that when the window width reached 6-10, the change of the SED curve on the graph tended to become stable, and one or two peaks occurred. The depth of edge influence was clearly different for different types of boundaries, and could be estimated within 50 m from the edge to interior. The depth of edge influence (DEI) on vegetation diversity almost varied between 12-30 m, mainly depending on the patch type, topography and microclimate, but seldom on slope orientation. Of the 6 forest transects in the three types of boundaries, the DEI was detected only in the forest part transects M2 and M6, but almost detectable in the agricultural part of all transects. MSWT was considered to be a useful tool for characterizing edge dynamics if enough data was available, and became a simple and powerful technique for analyzing the boundary. The results will provide further knowledge for understanding the interaction between forestry and agriculture in the arid valley.

Objective: To investigate the probabilities of core-biding factor a1 (Cbfa1) expression by human skin fibroblasts induced in vitro., Methods: The fibroblasts were isolated, purified from human skin, and were grown in incubation in the media of TNF-alpha, BMP-2, and combined TNF-alpha and BMP-2 at certain concentrations, respectively. The changes in biological features of these fibroblasts correlated with osteogenesis were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assay., Results: TNF-alpha could switch phenotype of collagen in fibroblasts from Type I and III to Type I and induce fibroblasts to express Ras and BMP type I receptor (BMPR-IA). TNF-alpha in combination with BMP-2 could induce fibroblasts to express Cbfa1 and osteocalcin mRNA., Conclusion: Human skin fibroblast could be induced into pro-osteoblast expressing Cbfa1, an osteoblast-specific transcription factor and a regulation of osteoblast differentiation, and combined use of TNF-alpha and BMP-2 was one of the regulating factors.