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Novel side-chain pyrrole or thiophene functional polystyrenes (PS-Py and PS-Th) were synthesized by using ''click chemistry'' strategy. First, approximately 40% of chloro groups of poly(styrene- co-chloromethylstyrene) P(S- co-CMS), prepared by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP), were converted to azido groups by using NaN in N, N-dimethylformamide. Propargyl pyrrole was prepared by etherification of 4-(1 H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenol prepared by Clauson-Kaas reaction using propargylbromide. Propargyl thiophene was synthesized by heterogeneous esterification reaction between 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid and propargylbromide. Finally, azido-functionalized polystyrene was coupled to these propargyl functional heterocyclics with high efficiency by click chemistry. The intermediates at various stages and final polymers were characterized by spectral analysis and cyclic voltammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outbreak of mushroom poisoning is uncommon in Izmir, Turkey. We report an outbreak of mushroom poisoning withOmphalotus oleariusin Syrian refugees. Nineteen patients (median age: 7.8 year; age range: 2–52 years; 16 female, 3 male) were admitted to the adult and pediatric emergency departments of Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, due to vomiting and abdominal pain within 2 h after eating mushrooms. Transaminase levels were moderately elevated only in one patient. The symptoms disappeared in 8 h after admission. We present 19 Syrian refugees poisoning withO. oleariusmushroom because of its rarity. In our opinion, this outbreak was a good example that how refugees can change the disease profile in emergency practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A New, water-soluble cobalt phthalocyanine, NhtCoPc, where Nht indicates 1-naphthoxy-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt, was synthesized and its electro-spectroelectrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior towards oxygen reduction reaction were investigated in details. NhtCoPc was prepared by a reaction of NhtH2Pc and anhydrous cobalt acetate in 25 ml of methanol for 48 h under nitrogen atmosphere at refluxed tempreature. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, MeOH-CH2Cl2, 10:1). The complexation reaction was monitored with the UV-vis spectral changes of NhtH2Pc in methanol solution. The reaction was completed when the main Q-band was observed in maximum intensity. The green color of solution was changed into blue color during complexation reaction. The column chromatography with methanol/dichloromethane (10:1) of eluent on silica gel was employed to obtain pure product. The blue product was soluble in water, methanol, and DMSO due to the introduction of the naphthoxy-sulfonic acid sodium salt having hydrophilic character on the peripheral position of phthalocyanine ring. The desired compound, which is substituted by four naphthoxysulfonic acid sodium salt groups on the periphery of each phthalocyanine is isolated as a mixture of isomers, all of which appear to have the same electrochemical properties. Elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (IR and UV-vis) confirmed the assigned structure for NhtCoPc. The formation of the NhtCoPc was confirmed by the disappearance of the characteristic NH stretching absorption of the inner core of the metal-free phthalocyanine. The complex also exhibited the characteristic absorption bands at 1275 (Ar-O-Ar), and 1183 cm-1 (O-S-O) as expected. 1H NMR spectrum of NhtCoPc could not be taken due to paramagnetic nature of the complex. The electrochemical studies showed that the cobalt complex exhibited two reversible one-electron reductions with the corresponding anodic wave and an irreversible oxidation reaction in DMSO solution. These two reduction and one oxidation processes were assigned to Co(1+)Pc(2-)/Co(2+)Pc(2-), Co(+)Pc(3-)/Co(+)Pc(2-), and Co(3+)Pc(2-)/Co(2+)Pc(2-) couples, respectively. The electrode processes were found to be diffusion controlled as demonstrated by the linearity of a plot of peak current versus square root of scan rate for scan rate ranging from 0.010 to 0.50 V.s-1. The controlled potential coulometric (CPC) study indi- cated that the number of electrons transferred for electrochemical reactions of the complex was one for each oxidation and reduction processes. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of NhtCoPc was investigated using an in situ spectroelectrochemical technique including chronoamperometry and UV-vis spectroscopy in DMSO solution containing 0.2M TBAP.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alphacypermethrin is a highly active pyrethroid insecticide effective against a wide range of pests in agriculture, public health and animal husbandry. In this study, doses of 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg alphacypermethrin were prepared in corn oil (10%) and orally administered to four experimental groups (n = 10; 5 male and 5 female in each group) by gavage once daily for 90 days. Mortality and clinical findings together with behavioural changes in rats were observed daily, weekly and monthly during the study period. Death occurred in all experimental groups. No statistical difference was found in mean lifetimes between the control and 4 mg/kg group for both genders (p>0.05). However, mean lifetimes of 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg groups were statistically different from the control and 4 mg/kg groups (p<0.05) for both gender. Also, mean lifetimes of 8 mg/kg group were statistically different from the 16 and 32 mg/kg groups for both gender (p<0.05). Similar as other Type II pyrethroids, typical symptoms were seen in dead animals approximately 3 hours after the last dose. Alphacypermethrin caused reduction of body weights and feed consumption. In addition, it caused catatonia in two male rats in the 4 mg/kg group. No significant changes were determined in other observed behaviours. These findings indicate that the vehicle (corn oil) has a great influence on the toxicity of alphacypermethrin. Also, this research may be beneficial for the risk analysis of alphacypermethrin as well as a base for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel vic-dioxime ligand containing the 4-amino-1-benzyl piperidine group, N,N'-(4-amino-1-benzyl piperidine)-glyoxime, (LH2) has been prepared from 4-amino-1-benzyl piperidine with anti-dichloroglyoxime at -15°C in absolute THF. Mononuclear NiII metal complex has been obtained with 1 : 2 metal/ligand ratio. The NiII complex of this ligand is proposed to be square planar geometry. IR spectra show that the ligand acts in a tetradentate manner and coordinates N4 donor groups of LH2 to NiII ion. The detection of H-bonding (O-HߪO) in the [Ni(LH)2] (1) metal complex by IR spectra supported the square-planar MN4 coordination of mononuclear complex. The disappearance of H-bonding (O-HߪO) in the [Ni(L)2(BPh2)2] (2) complex shows that the BPh2+-capped groups (BPh2+ cation formed BPh4 anion) attaches to the main oxime core. MN4 coordination of the [Ni(LH)2] (1) and [Ni(L)2(BPh2)2] (2) metal complexes were also determined by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. In the trinuclear CuII-NiII-CuII metal complexes, the NiII ion centered into the main oxime core by the coordination of the imino groups while the two CuII ions coordinate dianionic oxygen donors of the oxime groups and linked to the ligands of 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 4,4'-bipyridine. The ligand and their mono and trinuclear metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, ¹H and 13C-NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectra and X-ray powder techniques. The cyclic voltammetric results show that the cathodic peak potential of [Ni(L)2(BPh2)2] shifted toward more negative value compared to that of [Ni(LH)2], probably due to a decreasing effect of back donation of metal-oxime moieties as a result of the BPh2+ -bridged complex formation. Also, the formation of the trinuclear CuII-NiII-CuII metal complexes caused considerable changes on the CV behaviour of mononuclear [Ni(LH)2] (1) complex. The spectroelectrochemical study of [Ni(L)2(BPh2)2] (2) showed distinctive spectral changes that the intensity of the band (χ = at 364 nm, assigned to n → π* transitions) decreased and a new broad band in low intensity about 460 nm appeared as a result of the reduction of the nickel centered in the oxime core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objectives: To determine the correlation between adenoid tissue volume and three diagnostic methods of deciding whether to perform an adenoidectomy. Methods: The study used 152 patients (mean age, 5.8±2.5 years; age range, 2–12 years) who underwent an adenoidectomy at our clinic between April 2005 and April 2007. Patients requiring a revision operation and those with a cleft palate were excluded. To estimate the extent to which the adenoid narrowed the choana, an evaluation was made using nasal endoscopy (%), a mirror (%), and palpation (rated from 1 to 5) with the patient in Rose''s position just before surgery. Postadenoidectomy tissue volume was measured (in cm3). The Spearman rank correlation and stepwise linear regression analyses were used to statistically evaluate the data. Results: Nasal endoscopy revealed that the choana was narrowed by the adenoid at an average of 86.6±13.1% (range, 50–99%). When viewing upward by a mirror, the choana was observed as being narrowed at an average of 44.2±30.2% (range, 5–100%). The mean palpation value was 3.2±1.4 (range, 1–5). The mean volume of adenoidal tissue measured was 1.8±0.8cm3 (range, 0.7–4.5cm3). Nasal endoscopy was determined to be the best means of checking by the Spearman rank correlation. Mirror (R =0.64, P <.0001), palpation (R =0.62, P <.0001), and volume (R =0.62, P <.0001) were correlated with the nasal endoscopy; however, regression analysis found that only palpation (P =.003) and volume (P <.001) were independent variables affecting the image of nasal endoscopy, mirror inspection (P =.260) was not. Conclusions: Nasal endoscopy is considered the most important tool to indicate adenoidectomy. This study showed that nasal endoscopy and palpation provide the most accurate determination of the volume of adenoidal tissues dissected by adenoidectomy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new vic-dioxime ligand, N,N′-bis(aminopyreneglyoxime) (LH2), and its copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UVVIS and 1H and 13C NMR spectra (for the ligand). Mononuclear complexes were synthesized by a reaction of ligand (LH2) and salts of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) in ethanol. The complexes have the metal-ligand ratio of 1: 2 and metals are coordinated by N,N′ atoms of vicinal dioximes. The ligand acts in a polydentate fashion bending through nitrogen atoms in the presence of a base, as do most vic-dioximes. Detection of a H-bonding in the Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes by IR revealed the square-planar MN4 coordination of mononuclear complexes. Fluorescent properties of the ligand and its complexes arise from pyrene units conjugated with a vic-dioxime moiety. Fluorescence emission spectra of the ligand showed a drastic decrease in its fluorescence intensity upon metal binding. The electrochemical properties of the complexes were studied by the cyclic voltammetry technique. The nickel complex displayed an irreversible oxidation process while the copper complex exhibited a quasi-reversible oxidation and reduction processes based on the copper Cu(II)/Cu(III) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) couples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study areas located near the towns of Göynük, Mudurnu and Nallıhan in the central northwestern part of Turkey lie on the 'Sakarya Continent', which is one of the tectonic entities of the Cretaceous geology of Turkey. Measured stratigraphic sections comprise the Aptian pelagic carbonates and the overlying Albian-Coniacian turbiditic sequences, which are all capped by a Late Santonian red pelagic succession. Lower and Upper Aptian. Upper Albian and Cenomanian/Turonian marine black shales recognized in the sections are followed by Lower and Upper Aptian, Upper Albian and Turonian marine red beds. The black shales are generally silty, laminated, and include pyritized radiolarian and planktonic foraminifera. The red beds are composed of red-pink limestones, which are of packstone facies with abundant planktonic foraminifera, bivalve, echinoidea. iron infillings and coatings. They also include red silty marls with quartz, iron and glauconite minerals as well as bivalve fragments. Sedimentologic, sequence stratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic properties of black shales and red beds recorded along the measured stratigraphic sections have been determined and Fischer plot analysis has been applied for their correlation and coherency. Their sequence stratigraphic positions and cyclic nature indicate that black shales were generally deposited in the early transgressive system tracts. However, red beds represent the late transgressive/high-stand systems tracts. In some areas, the Upper Santonian red beds are observed in association with a drowning event and overlie a Type-3 sequence boundary. Their stratigraphic position and sedimentology are used to better understand the oceanic events and tectonic movements recorded in this basin. These black shales and red beds are recognized within coeval biostratigraphic intervals as in their global counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effects of various densities of middle ear fluids on acoustic immittance and elucidate the characteristics of this study that might be beneficial for clinical use in otitis media with effusion. Study Design: Experimental, in vivo model. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 12 ears of six white Vienna rabbits. Rabbits were placed in six positions: normal resting position (group 1), after drilling a hole into the tympanic bulla (group 2); filling the bulla with distilled water (group 3; density = 1000 g/cm³); filling the bulla with 8.4% bicarbonate solution (group 4; density = 1005 g/cm³); filling the bulla with Tonimer gel (group 5; density = 1035 g/cm³); and filling the bulla with glycerine (group 6; density > 1050 g/cm³). Acoustic immittance measurements were then made in vivo. During each measurement, volume, compliance, pressure, and gradient values were recorded. Analysis of variance, Student t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical evaluations of the data. Results: Volume, compliance, and pressure values were obtained in all of the six measurements. A significant difference in volume was found between groups 1 and 2 (p < .001) and between the other four groups in this study (p < .001). With regard to compliance, group 2 was significantly different from groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p < .001). With regard to pressure, there was no intergroup (1 and 2) difference (p = .639); however, a significant difference (p < .001) was found between groups 1 and 2 and the other four groups. A significant difference was found between groups 3 and 6 (p = .006). A gradient value was obtained in ail of the six measurements only for groups 1 and 2. In group 2, a significant rise in gradient was observed (p = .001). Conclusion: Generally, volume, compliance, and pressure values declined significantly in rabbits in which the bulla had been filled with fluid when compared with rabbits with empty bullae. Drilling a hole into the bulla increased volumetric values under normal conditions but had no effect on compliance and pressure values. The significant difference between groups 3 and 6 regarding pressure demonstrates that the density of fluid in the middle ear plays a role in pressure values when measured with tympanometry. We conclude that the correlation between density and pressure values of middle ear fluids may be useful in the clinical decision- making process when treating disorders such as otitis media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The objectives of this clinical study were to identify, by means of the Pronto Dry® test and pathologic examination, Helicobacter pylori (HP) in tonsillary tissue and to establish the role of HP in tonsillary microbiology by identifying that bacterium in the tonsillary mucosa or within the tonsil core. Methods: The subjects consisted of 52 patients (25 men and 27 women; age range, 3–65 years; mean age, 15.1±14.5 years) who were scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis and who had not been treated with an antibiotic or a bismuth-containing compound for 6 months before the initiation of the study. In each patient, two specimens (one 4mm×4mm tissue sample from the nonmucosal tonsil core and one 4mm×4mm sample of mucosal tissue) were excised from both tonsils immediately after tonsillectomy. The specimens were placed in the Pronto Dry® test kit, and the test results were obtained 1h later. The remaining tonsillary tissues were submitted for pathologic analysis via hematoxylin–eosin stain, Giemsa stain, Warthin-Starry silver stain, and staining for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Results: The results of the Pronto Dry® test were positive for HP in 42% (n =22) of the excised mucosal tissue and in 47% (n =24) of the excised core tissue. In 27% (n =14) of the patients, both the core and the mucosal tissues tested positive for HP. There was no significant difference between the positive Pronto Dry® test ratios of the biopsies obtained from the mucosa and those obtained from the core (P =0.693). iNOS staining showed that macrophage iNOS activity was significantly higher (P =0.025) in biopsied mucosal tissues with a positive Pronto Dry® test result than in those with a negative result. Light microscopy revealed no HP in samples stained with hematoxylin–eosin stain, Giemsa stain, or Warthin-Starry silver stain. Conclusion: Positive Pronto Dry® test results and the results of iNOS staining showed that HP contributes to chronic tonsillitis, especially at the mucosal layer. Although HP does not colonize, it contributes to the chronic tonsillary inflammatory process as a triggering agent by affecting macrophages in the tonsil and thus increasing iNOS expression. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mirtazapine is an antidepressant exhibiting both noradrenergic and serotonergic activity. We have investigated the effects of mirtazapine on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and maximal electroconvulsive shock (MES)-induced seizures in mice. Mirtazapine (1.25–20mg/kg) or saline was administered, and locomotor activity was evaluated for 30min. One hour after administration of mirtazapine (1.25–5mg/kg) or saline, PTZ (80mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into the mice. Immediately afterward, times of onset of the first myoclonic jerk (FMJ), generalized clonic seizures (GCS), and tonic extension (TE) were recorded. In the MES groups, we used the MES protocol to induce convulsions characterized by tonic hindlimb extension. Similarly, 1h after mirtazapine or saline administration, an electroshock was evoked by ear-clip electrodes to induce convulsion. Mirtazapine, at 10 and 20mg/kg, depressed locomotor activity. Doses of 1.25–5mg/kg had no significant effect on the time of onset of FMJ, GCS, or TE induced by PTZ; on the duration of GCS and TE; or on the latency to reinstatement of the righting reflex after MES administration. Our results suggest that mirtazapine neither aggravates nor alleviates PTZ- or MES-induced seizures in mice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new water-soluble metal-free phthalocyanine, 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(4-(1-naphthoxy-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt))phthalocyanine NhtH 2 Pc, where Nht indicates naphthoxy-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt, was synthesized and its aggregation, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties were investigated in non-aqueous solutions. The aggregation study of NhtH2Pc showed that NhtH 2 Pc had both aggregated and non-aggregated mono phthalocyanine forms in the case of the 1:1 ratio of methanol and water, while it exhibited only the characteristic UV–Vis absorption of monomeric phthalocyanine in methanol and DMSO. NhtH 2 Pc displayed three reversible one-electron reductions waves, assigned to Pc3−/Pc2−, Pc4−/Pc3− and Pc5−/Pc4− couples, respectively. The electrochemical half-wave potentials of the reduction processes were located at E 1/2 =−0.510, −0.924 and −1.24V, respectively while the anodic potential of the oxidation process was displayed at E 1/2 =0.590V versus pseudo Ag/AgCl. The half-wave potentials of the first and second reductions were positively shifted by 0.150 and 0.136V compared with those of the unsubstituted metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc). These shift values are almost the same as those observed for [(SO3)4H2Pc]. The electrochemical studies showed that the electron-withdrawing sulfonated-naphthoxy groups on the macrocycle core made the reduction processes of NhtH 2 Pc easier in DMSO solution. The well-defined UV–Vis spectra of the electro-reduced species [NhtH 2 Pc]− were obtained with an applied potential (E app =−0.70V) in a thin-layer cell. The spectroelectrochemical results showed that the first reduction product exhibited characteristic spectral changes corresponding to mono-anionic species of metal-free phthalocyanines, having long-term stability during the reduction process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor thought to develop from cells of neural crest origin, even though hypotheses on the pathogenesis of that lesion differ. Ganglioneuromas, which do not release excessive catecholamine or steroid hormones, develop primarily in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Because of their slow growth, many ganglioneuromas are large when they are diagnosed. In this case report, a 50-year-old woman with hearing loss is described. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass (3 × 4 mm) in the internal auditory canal (IAC). The encapsulated tumor was entirely excised via the middle fossa approach. The results of histopathological examination indicated that the excised lesion was a ganglioneuroma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a ganglioneuroma of the IAC. We suggest that ganglioneuroma be considered in the differential diagnosis of all tumors of the IAC. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Epileptic seizures cause pathological changes such as sclerosis and pyramidal neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Experimentally, epilepsy can be induced by application of various chemicals directly to the cerebral cortex. In this study, epilepsy was induced in rats by intracortical application of 500 IU penicillin G, and the effect of minocycline and doxycycline on the resulting motor incoordination (rotarod) and hippocampal neuronal loss in CA1, CA2 and CA3 fields (optical fractionator method) were investigated. The rotarod performance was reduced in the epilepsy group to 285.1±6.9 s (P <0.05 vs. sham-300 s). Minocycline and doxycycline increased this performance to 297.4±1.0 s and 296.9±1.2 s respectively. No significant difference was detected between minocycline and doxycycline. The present results also showed that the number of neurons (×103) in the sham group was 150±9. In the penicillin-epileptic rats, the number was decreased to 105±7 (P <0.01). Minocycline, but not doxycycline (125±8), significantly increased the number to 131±3 (P <0.05). In conclusion, the second generation tetracycline minocycline decreased the loss of hippocampal neurons and motor incoordination in penicillin-epileptic rats. Minocycline could protect against a variety of neurological insults including epilepsy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The objective of this research was to determine microbiological quality of the Mytilus galloprovincialis and Venus gallina harvested in the Marmara Sea (Gelibolu Region). The samples were examined for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform group bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The microbiological analysis showed 2.1 x 104-1.9 x 106 cfu/g TAMB, 2.9 x 102-8.2x103 cfu/g coliform group bacteria, 78-2.5 x 102 cfu/g E. coli, 3.1 x 102-1.1 x 103 cfu/g S. aureus for the Mytilus galloprovincialis - Venus gallina mussels samples respectively. Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were not detected in any samples examined. In general, Venus gallina samples had higher TAMB, coliform group bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus counts than the Mytilus galloprovincialis samples. The study confirms the risk associated with the consumption of mussels and the need of proper storage and preparation conditions prior to consumption. In addition, in order to prevent the health risks associated with mussels, heat treatment has to be applied prior to consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new vic-dioxime, 13,14- bis-(hydroxyimino)-9,12,15,18-diazadithiaoctacosane, has been synthesized from 2-octylsulfanylaminobenzene and ( E, E′)-dichloroglyoxime. Mononuclear transition metal complexes of NiII, CuII, CoII and FeII have been prepared and were found to have a metal–ligand ratio of 1:2. The synthesis of di- and trinuclear complexes was achieved with UIVO2 and CuII depending on the stoichiometry of the reactants. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-n.m.r., u.v.–vis, i.r., f.a.b.-m.s. and by cyclic voltammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Primary anorectal melanomas (AMs) are uncommon neoplasms with aggressive behavior. Molecular profile and clinicopathologic features of AMs are still not well established. In this study, we aimed to investigate BRAF, NRAS, KIT, TERT, and GNAQ/GNA11 mutation status and clinicopathologic features of AMs. Material and Method: All diagnostic slides of 15 AMs were reviewed. Histopathological and follow-up information were documented. Mutations in exon 15 of the BRAF gene; exons 2 and 3 of the NRAS gene; exons 9, 11, 13, 17, and 18 of the KIT gene; and exons 4 and 5 of the GNAQ/GNA11 genes and mutations in the promoter region of the TERT gene (chr.5, 1,295,228C>T and 1,295,250C>T) were analyzed. Results: BRAF(V600E) and KIT(V555I and K642E) mutations were observed in one (7%) and two cases (14%), respectively. NRAS, TERT and GNAQ/GNA11 mutations were not detected. The mean age was 65. Patients presented with rectal mass, rectal bleeding, pain, and weight loss. 73% of the lesions were macroscopically polypoid. The most common tumor cell type was epithelioid. Mean tumor thickness was 10.4 mm. One third of the cases lacked pigmentation. In situ melanoma was present in one third of the cases. Among 14 patients with follow-up data, 12 succumbed to disease. The mean overall survival was 36 months. Conclusion: AMs are uncommon tumors with dismal survival, usually occurring in the elderly in various gross and microscopic appearances. In terms of molecular profile, BRAF and KIT mutations are rarely detected. Profiling of larger cohorts is required to elucidate the pathogenesis and to identify potential molecular indicators that may contribute to the development of individualized targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We hereby report a patient with ALK-positive histiocytosis with localized lung involvement. A 47-year-old woman presented with a solitary pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe, 7 months after COVID infection. A well-defined 15 mm yellow mass was found in trisegmentectomy specimen. Histopathological examination revealed that the mass was composed of epithelioid and spindle cells with foamy cytoplasms. No necrosis, pleomorphism, or nuclear atypia was detected. The cells were positive for CD68, CD163, PU.1, ALK and negative for KRT, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S100, Melan-A, CD34, STAT6, and BRAF VE1. Flourescence in situ hybridization demonstrated ALK gene rearrangement, and next generation sequencing confirmed EML4::ALK fusion. Lung involvement in ALK-positive histiocytosis is characterized by the presence of pulmonary nodules, which can be seen in all forms of the disease. However, lung involvement is rarely seen in single-system ALK-positive histiocytosis. Our report represents the fourth documented instance of localized lung involvement in ALK-positive histiocytosis, an exceedingly rare occurrence, and it is the third instance with available molecular data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we describe new marine vertebrate remains, mainly isolated teeth, from the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) of near Mardin, SE Turkey. This is the first report in this area of ptychodontid sharks (elasmobranchs), enchodontid teleosts (actinopterygians) and mosasaurid squamates (reptiles). The respective taxa Ptychodus cf. mortoni, Enchodus sp., Platecarpus sp. and Mosasaurinae indet. are described. These new data improve our knowledge on early Late Cretaceous marine vertebrate faunas from the Arabic Platform, classically known previously mostly from the Maastrichtian outcrops of Middle-East and Northwestern Africa, and extend the palaeobiogeographical distribution of these taxa into the western part of the Mediterranean Tethys, confirming their cosmopolitan status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are characterized by genetic alterations, genomic instability and different immune defects and Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations have been found with high rates in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinomas. We presented a non-smoker, no alcohol consuming woman who had a second primary tongue SCC after four and a half years later of her first tongue SCC with TERT promoter mutation. The primary tumor and its recurrences in woman with tongue SCC who have never smoked and had no alcohol consumption may need to be differing from other tongue carcinomas. TERT promoter mutations may have a relation in etiopathogenesis of tumor and mutations need to be on mind in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the bylow of budget constraints on hearing rehabilitation in patients with presbycusis. Materials and Method: Those patients who used a hearing aid due to presbycusis at Zubeyde Hanim Education and Research Center at Baskent University were identified. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the time when they bought the hearing aid. A questionnaire was conducted with every patient in order to determine the factors that affect the selection of hearing aid. Satisfaction levels and utility of the hearing aids were compared using the Turkish version of the international inventory for evaluation of hearing aids. Results: Forty seven patients, who used a hearing aid due to presbycusis, were included in the study. The mean age of the cases was 71.93 years. Group 1 consisted of 25 cases, while Group 2 consisted of 22 cases. In terms of hearing losses, both groups showed a similar distri-bution. The hearing aid evaluation score was found to be significantly low in the group that bought a hearing aid following the budget constraint bylow (p=0.001). Conclusion: Budget constraints have a negative effect on hearing rehabilitation in patients with presbycusis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cases of a solitary polyp of the nasal cavity are much less common than cases of massive polyposis. The most important factor in the formation of solitary polyps is the anatomic variations that result in mucosal contacts. We report the case of a patient who had bilateral solitary polyps of the uncinate process. Radiologic and clinical examinations revealed a medially bent uncinate process in the right nasal cavity and a bifid uncinate process in the left nasal cavity. These structures were the origins of the polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetraaza macrocycles and their Fe3+ complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, i.r., n.m.r., and e.s.–m.s. spectroscopic techniques. The solution behaviour of the macrocycles and their complexes was studied by potentiometric titrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: In cochlear implant (CI) surgery, the results and causes of revision and reimplantation may guide surgeons in establishing surgical protocols for revision surgery with safe audiological outcomes. The aim of this study was to review our experience in terms of etiology, surgical strategy, and hearing outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent CI removal and reimplantation. Subjects and Methods: All patients received implants of the same brand. Pre and postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance score and aided free-field pure tone audiometry thresholds were noted. In vivo integrity tests were performed for each patient and the results of ex vivo tests of each implant were obtained from manufacturer. Results: A total of 149 CIs were placed in 121 patients aged <18 years. The revision rate in children was 6.7% (10/121 children). Six patients had a history of head injury leading to a hard failure. The causes of reimplantation in others were soft failure (n=1), electrode migration (n=1), infection (n=1), and other (n=1). All patients showed better or similar postreimplantation audiological performance compared with pre-reimplantation results. Conclusions: It is very important to provide a safe school and home environment and educate the family for reducing reimplantation due to trauma. Especially for active children, psychiatric consultation should be continued postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) originating from different anatomic localizations display a similar histological appearance under light microscopy, they may differ in terms of epigenetic and genetic features. The aim of this study was to analyze mir-126, mir-182, and mir-486-5p expression levels in head and neck SCCs and lung SCCs, and to identify localization-specific miRNA expression profiles. Material and Method: The expression levels ofmir-126, mir-182, and mir-486-5p were analyzed in lung, oral cavity, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal SCCs in 40 patients, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The findings showed that lung, oral cavity, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal SCCs have distinct mir-126 and mir-486-5p expression profiles. It was also observed that mir-126 and mir-486-5p expression levels were highly specific to the tumor localization. Conclusion: These findings highlighted that SCCs originating from different anatomic localizations have different miRNA expression profiles. miRNA expression analysis can be used to predict the primary localizations of those SCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the mechanistic aspects of ion pair formation between electrochemically reduced radicals (Fc–cnq–1a ∙ - /Fc–cnq–1b ∙ - ) and dianions (Fc–cnq–1a 2 - /Fc–cnq–1b 2 - ) of ferrocenyl naphthoquinones (Fc–cnq–1a and Fc–cnq–1b) and several metal ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and spectroelectrochemistry, for the first time. The experiments demonstrated that Fc–cnq–1a 2 - /Fc–cnq–1b 2 - were moderately affected with Na + , K + and Cs + by slightly shifting to the anodic side, but were strongly influenced with Li + ion. Fc–cnq–1a ∙ - /Fc–cnq–1b ∙ - were not affected by alkali metal ions, indicating no ion pair formation between the radicals and these ions. Fc–cnq–1a 2 - /Fc–cnq–1b 2 - was not evolved in the presence of Be 2 + , Mg 2 + and Ca 2 + , but Fc–cnq–1a ∙ - /Fc–cnq–1b ∙ - appeared with their cathodic waves, and participated with intermediates, [(Fc–cnq–1b) 2 ∙ - –Be 2 + and [(Fc–cnq–1a) ∙ - –Cl]. The most pronounced effect on the ion-pair formation of the Fc–cnq–1a ∙ - /Fc–cnq–1b ∙ - was observed in Be 2 + , indicating that Fc–cnq–1a or Fc–cnq–1b can selectively sense ultra-trace amount of Be 2 + (LOD = 3.6 ppb) among the other metal ions with SWV titration, for the first time, based on the strong ion pair formation reaction between the radicals and Be 2 + . Synopsis Ultra-trace amount of beryllium ion ( Be 2 + ) sensing (LOD = 3.6 ppb) through the ion pair formation between the electrochemically reduced ferrocenyl naphthoquinone radicals (Fc–cnq–1a ∙ - /Fc–cnq–1b ∙ - ) and Be 2 + ions by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and for the first time spectroelectrochemistry is reported in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]