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3,643 results on '"Tong C."'

551. 2015 UK national guideline for the management of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Author

Nwokolo, Nneka C., Dragovic, Bojana, Patel, Sheel, Tong, C. Y. William, Barker, Gary, and Radcliffe, Keith

Subjects
CHLAMYDIA trachomatis, SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, HEALTH promotion, TREATMENT effectiveness, MEDICAL personnel, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

This guideline offers recommendations on the diagnostic tests, treatment regimens and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. It covers the management of the initial presentation, as well the prevention of transmission and future infection. The guideline is aimed at individuals aged 16 years and older presenting to healthcare professionals working in departments offering Level 3 care in sexually transmitted infections management within the UK. However, the principles of the recommendations should be adopted across all levels, using local care pathways where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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552. Mannan Derivatives Instruct Dendritic Cells to Induce Th1/Th2 Cells Polarization via Differential Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation.

Author

Tong, C., Cui, Z., Sun, X., Lei, L., Feng, X., Sun, C., Gu, J., and Han, W.

Subjects
*MANNANS, *DENDRITIC cells, *TH1 cells, *TH2 cells, *MITOGEN-activated protein kinases, *FUNGAL cell walls
Abstract

Mannan derived from fungal cell walls have potential uses as immunomodulating agents and vaccine adjuvants. Immunization with antigen conjugated to oxidized mannan (OM) or reduced mannan (RM) have induced differential immune responses in mice. Yet, the adjuvant effect and differences in molecular profiles of OM and RM on APCs is unresolved. Here, we investigated the response of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs to OM and RM. OM and RM stimulated DCs to produce differential Th1/Th2-inducing cytokines in vitro. OM and RM-activated DCs stimulated allogeneic T-cell Th1 and Th2 polarization reaction. OM instruct DCs to stimulate Th1 responses via IL-12p70 production, which depends on the phosphorylation of p38, RM barely induce IL-12p70, but IL-10 and IL-4, and magnitude of ERK phosphorylation, which results in a Th2 bias. These findings indicate that OM and RM were potent adjuvant capable of directly initiating DC activation Th1 and Th2 polarization respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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553. Effets 'volume', volatilité et transmissions internationales sur les marchés boursiers dans le G5

Author

Avouyi-Dovi, S., Jondeau, E., and Lai Tong, C.

Subjects
Stock markets, Volatility, Trading volume, International transmission
Abstract

Using daily data covering the 1988-1995 period, this paper checks the effects of three kinds of determinants on the main stock market indices of the G5: interactions between return and volatility, international transmission mechanisms and impact of trading volumes. The non-significance of expected volatility in return equation can be explained by the influence of trading volumes on returns. On the other hand, asymmetric effects (from non-expected return to volatility) are very high, especially for Dow Jones, DAX and Nikkei. International transmission mechanisms are very clear-cut for return equations (in particular, from Dow Jones to other stock market indices), but much more contrasted for volatility equations. The trading volumes have marked effects on all the markets, both in the return and in the volatility equations.

Published
1997

556. A Photonic mm-Wave Local Oscillator

Author

Kimberk, Robert, Hunter, Todd R., Tong, C. -Y. Edward, Blundell, Raymond, Kimberk, Robert, Hunter, Todd R., Tong, C. -Y. Edward, and Blundell, Raymond

Abstract

A photonic millimeter wave local oscillator capable of producing two microwatts of radiated power at 224 GHz has been developed. The device was tested in one antenna of Smithsonian Institution's Submillimeter Array (SMA) and was found to produce stable phase on multiple baselines. Graphical data is presented of correlator output phase and amplitude stability. A description of the system is given in both open and closed loop modes. A model is given which is used to predict the operational behavior. A novel method is presented to determine the safe operating point of the automated system., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, held 10-12 May 2006 in Paris

Published
2006
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558. Comparison of urine, first and second endourethral swabs for PCR based detection of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male patients.

Author

Sugunendran, H., Birley, H. D. L., Mallinson, H., Abbott, M., Tong, C. Y. W., Birley, H D, and Tong, C Y

Subjects
URINALYSIS, POLYMERASE chain reaction, CHLAMYDIA trachomatis, GENITAL diseases, NEISSERIA gonorrhoeae, INFECTION, CHLAMYDIA infection diagnosis, GONORRHEA diagnosis, AUDITING, COLLECTION & preservation of biological specimens, CHLAMYDIA infections, COMPARATIVE studies, GONORRHEA, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RESEARCH, RESEARCH evaluation, URETHRA, URETHRITIS, EVALUATION research
Abstract

Objectives: To compare endourethral swabs and urine as diagnostic specimens for the detection of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in male patients attending a genitourinary clinic and to assess whether the first endourethral swab used solely for diagnosing gonococcal infection could be used for C trachomatis detection as well.Methods: Two endourethral swabs were taken from 80 male patients, in whom the likelihood of genital C trachomatis infection was high. The first swab was used for microscopy and culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, before being used for C trachomatis detection. First voided urine specimens were collected from 61 of these patients. All three specimens were processed for C trachomatis DNA detection using the Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR. A diagnosis of genital C trachomatis infection was made if any one of the specimens tested reproducibly positive. Samples from 13 patients showing discrepant PCR results between swabs and/or urine were retested by ligase chain reaction (LCR).Results: Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 35 (43.8%) of the 80 patients. In 17 of the 35 patients (48.6%), all the genital specimens were positive. However, in 18 (51.4%) patients, one or more of the genital specimens had negative PCR results. Among the 18 patients with discrepant results, urine was found to be a more sensitive diagnostic specimen than the second urethral swab picking up 13 out of 16 positives (81.3%) as opposed to five out of 18 (27.8%). There was no significant difference between the two swabs. Retesting by LCR, of the samples from 13 of the 18 patients with discrepant PCR results confirmed them all as true positives, although as with PCR, not all specimens in the set were concordantly positive. LCR detected all the 13 positives in urine, while there was no difference in the detection rate between the first and the second urethral swabs.Conclusions: Urine appeared to be a better diagnostic specimen than the conventional second endourethral swab for C trachomatis detection by PCR in this cohort of male patients. There was no difference between the first swab, intended primarily for N gonorrhoeae testing and the second swab intended for C trachomatis detection. This raises questions over the need for the conventional second swab for detecting C trachomatis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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559. Is Mycoplasma hominis a vaginal pathogen?

Author

Arya, O. P., Tong, C. Y. W., Hart, C. A., Pratt, B. C., Hughes, Stella, Roberts, Pamela, Kirby, Patricia, Howel, Jean, McCormick, Anne, Goddard, A. D., Tong, C Y, Hughes, S, Roberts, P, Kirby, P, Howel, J, and McCormick, A

Subjects
*VAGINAL diseases, *SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, *GENITAL warts, *TRICHOMONIASIS, *CANDIDIASIS, *MYCOPLASMATALES
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the role of Mycoplasma hominis as a vaginal pathogen.Design: Prospective study comprising detailed history, clinical examination, sexually transmitted infection (STI) and bacterial vaginosis screen, vaginal swabs for mycoplasmas and other organisms, follow up of bacterial vaginosis patients, and analysis of results using SPSS package.Setting: Genitourinary medicine clinic, Royal Liverpool University Hospital.Participants: 1200 consecutive unselected new patients who had not received an antimicrobial in the preceding 3 weeks, and seen by the principal author, between June 1987 and May 1995.Main Outcome Measures: Relation of M. hominis isolation rate and colony count to: (a) vaginal symptoms and with the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) per high power field in the Gram stained vaginal smear in patients with a single condition--that is, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, genital warts, chlamydial infection, or trichomoniasis, as well as in patients with no genital infection; (b) epidemiological characteristics of bacterial vaginosis.Results: 1568 diagnoses were made (the numbers with single condition are in parenthesis). These included 291 (154) cases of candidiasis, 208 (123) cases of bacterial vaginosis, 240 (93) with genital warts, 140 (42) chlamydial infections, 54 (29) cases of trichomoniasis, and 249 women with no condition requiring treatment. M. hominis was found in the vagina in 341 women, but its isolation rates and colony counts among those with symptoms were not significantly different from those without symptoms in the single condition categories. There was no association between M. hominis and the number of PMN in Gram stained vaginal smears whether M. hominis was present alone or in combination with another single condition. M. hominis had no impact on epidemiological characteristics of bacterial vaginosis.Conclusion: This study shows no evidence that M. hominis is a vaginal pathogen in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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560. Dual frequency 230/690 GHz interferometry at the Submillimeter Array

Author

Hunter, Todd R., Barrett, John W., Blundell, Raymond, Christensen, Robert D., Kimberk, Robert S., Leiker, Steven P., Marrone, Daniel P., Paine, Scott N., Papa, D. Cosmo, Patel, Nimesh, Riddle, Patricia, Smith, Michael J., Sridharan, T. K., Tong, C. Y. Edward, Young, Ken H., Zhao, Jun-Hui, Hunter, Todd R., Barrett, John W., Blundell, Raymond, Christensen, Robert D., Kimberk, Robert S., Leiker, Steven P., Marrone, Daniel P., Paine, Scott N., Papa, D. Cosmo, Patel, Nimesh, Riddle, Patricia, Smith, Michael J., Sridharan, T. K., Tong, C. Y. Edward, Young, Ken H., and Zhao, Jun-Hui

Abstract

The Submillimeter Array (SMA), a collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academica Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Taiwan, is an eight-element radio-interferometer designed to operate throughout the major atmospheric windows from about 180 to 900 GHz. In an effort to mitigate the effects of atmospheric instabilities which limit the phase coherence of the array especially in the higher frequency bands, the array was designed to allow simultaneous operation of a low frequency receiver (<350 GHz) with a high frequency receiver (>330 GHz). The overlap region of 330-350 GHz was included to facilitate dual polarization measurements in the frequency range considered to offer the highest sensitivity for continuum observations with the array. So far, the array is equipped with working SIS receivers covering the frequency ranges 176-256 GHz, 260-350 GHz, and 600-700 GHz, and single frequency operation has been routine in the lower two frequency bands for the past year. More recently, with the completion of IF hardware required to make full use of the SMA cross-correlator, dual receiver operation became possible. We have since made a number of Galactic and extra-galactic astronomical observations in dual-band mode with the hopes of using the 230 GHz receiver as a phase reference to enable improved interferometry in the 650 GHz band. We will present the current antenna and receiver performance, some of the first interferometric images in the 650 GHz receiver band, and our initial attempts at phase transfer., Comment: 6 pages containing text and 11 embedded figures, written in the IEEE Transactions style Latex template, based on an Oral Presentation at the 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology held at Chalmers University of Technology in Goteborg, Sweden on May 2-4, 2005

Published
2005

564. The United Kingdom public health response to an imported laboratory confirmed case of a novel coronavirus in September 2012

Author

Pebody, R G, primary, Chand, M A, additional, Thomas, H L, additional, Green, H K, additional, Boddington, N L, additional, Carvalho, C, additional, Brown, C S, additional, Anderson, S R, additional, Rooney, C, additional, Crawley-Boevey, E, additional, Irwin, D J, additional, Aarons, E, additional, Tong, C, additional, Newsholme, W, additional, Price, N, additional, Langrish, C, additional, Tucker, D, additional, Zhao, H, additional, Phin, N, additional, Crofts, J, additional, Bermingham, A, additional, Gilgunn-Jones, E, additional, Brown, K E, additional, Evans, B, additional, Catchpole, M, additional, and Watson, J M, additional

Published
2012
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565. Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012

Author

Bermingham, A, primary, Chand, M A, additional, Brown, C S, additional, Aarons, E, additional, Tong, C, additional, Langrish, C, additional, Hoschler, K, additional, Brown, K, additional, Galiano, M, additional, Myers, R, additional, Pebody, R G, additional, Green, H K, additional, Boddington, N L, additional, Gopal, R, additional, Price, N, additional, Newsholme, W, additional, Drosten, C, additional, Fouchier, R A, additional, and Zambon, M, additional

Published
2012
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587. Analysis of the Impact Velocity of Powder Particles in the Cold-Gas Dynamic-Spray Process

Author

CLEMSON UNIV SC DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Grujicic, M, Zhao, C L, Tong, C, DeRosset, W S, Helfritch, D, CLEMSON UNIV SC DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Grujicic, M, Zhao, C L, Tong, C, DeRosset, W S, and Helfritch, D

Abstract

While built on a sound physical foundation, isentropic, one-dimensional models generally used to analyze the dynamics of dilute two-phase (feed-powder particles suspended in a carrier gas) flow during the cold-gas dynamic-spray process, require the use of numerical procedures to obtain solutions for the governing equations. Numerical solutions, unfortunately, do not enable an easy establishment of the relationships between the gas, process and feed-powder parameters on one side and the gas and the particle velocities at the nozzle exit and the particle impact velocity, on the other. Analytical solutions for the governing equations in the limits of small and large relative particle/gas velocities and a multiple non-linear regression analysis are used, in the present work, to develop analytical functions which can be used to compute the gas and the particle exit velocities and the particle impact velocity for a given set of the gas, process, and feed-powder parameters. The results obtained using the analytical functions are found to be in a very good agreement with their numerical and experimental counterparts., Published in the Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vA368 p222-230, 2004. Supported in part by ARL.

Published
2004

588. ZNF750 is a lineage-specific tumour suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma

Author

Hazawa, M, Lin, D-C, Handral, H, Xu, L, Chen, Y, Jiang, Y-Y, Mayakonda, A, Ding, L-W, Meng, X, Sharma, A, Samuel, S, Movahednia, M M, Wong, R W, Yang, H, Tong, C, and Koeffler, H P

Abstract

ZNF750 controls epithelial homeostasis by regulating epidermal-differentiation genes, a role underscored by its pathogenic mutations in esophageal squamous cell cancers (SCCs). However, the precise role of ZNF750 in SCC cell biology remains unclear. In this study, we report that ZNF750 is exclusively deleted, mutated and underexpressed in human SCCs, and low ZNF750 expression is associated with poor survival. Restoration of wildtype, but not mutant ZNF750 protein uniquely inhibited the malignant phenotypes of SCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ZNF750 promoted the expression of a long non-coding RNA (TINCR), which mediated both cancer-inhibition and differentiation-induction effects of ZNF750. In addition, ZNF750 potently suppressed cell migration by directly inhibiting the transactivation of LAMC2. Together, our findings characterize ZNF750 as a crucial SCC-specific suppressor and uncover its novel anticancer-associated functions.

Published
2017
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589. Evolutionarily conserved dual lysine motif determines the non-chaperone function of secreted Hsp90alpha in tumour progression

Author

Zou, M, Bhatia, A, Dong, H, Jayaprakash, P, Guo, J, Sahu, D, Hou, Y, Tsen, F, Tong, C, O'Brien, K, Situ, A J, Schmidt, T, Chen, M, Ying, Q, Ulmer, T S, Woodley, D T, and Li, W

Abstract

Both intracellular and extracellular heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) family proteins (α and β) have been shown to support tumour progression. The tumour-supporting activity of the intracellular Hsp90 is attributed to their N-terminal ATPase-driven chaperone function. What molecular entity determines the extracellular function of secreted Hsp90 and the distinction between Hsp90α and Hsp90β was unclear. Here we demonstrate that CRISPR/Case9 knocking out Hsp90α nullifies tumour cells’ ability to migrate, invade and metastasize without affecting the cell survival and growth. Knocking out Hsp90β leads to tumour cell death. Extracellular supplementation with recombinant Hsp90α, but not Hsp90β, protein recovers tumourigenicity of the Hsp90α-knockout cells. Sequential mutagenesis identifies two evolutionarily conserved lysine residues, lys-270 and lys-277, in the Hsp90α subfamily that determine the extracellular Hsp90α function. Hsp90β subfamily lacks the dual lysine motif and the extracellular function. Substitutions of gly-262 and thr-269 in Hsp90β with lysines convert Hsp90β to a Hsp90α-like protein. Newly constructed monoclonal antibody, 1G6-D7, against the dual lysine region of secreted Hsp90α inhibits both de novotumour formation and expansion of already formed tumours in mice. This study suggests an alternative therapeutic approach to target Hsp90 in cancer, that is, the tumour-secreted Hsp90α, instead of the intracellular Hsp90α and Hsp90β.

Published
2017
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