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Highly cross-linked macroporous polymers are excellent supports for heterogenizing rhodium alkene hydrogenation and hydroboration catalysts. The permanent pore structure of the support enables high conversions and excellent yields with minimal workup (filtering). These heterogenized catalysts can be reused, and due to the permanent pore structure, they function in a broad range of solvents including polar protic. Control experiments reveal that catalysis occurs exclusively within the polymer matrix, and not due to leached catalyst.

An otherwise healthy 37-year-old man came to the emergency room with left-sided dull chest pain of 4 weeks' duration. Physical examination, laboratory studies, and electrocardiogram were all unremarkable. A chest x-ray film revealed calcified pulmonary nodules. Computed tomography of the chest confirmed bilateral parenchymal cavitary lesions. Via limited thoracotomy, a tan nodule measuring 2.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter was excised from the left upper lobe. Histopathologic examination revealed a well circumscribed lesion and extensive lamellar hyalinization. A few foci of finely granular calcification were present within the hyalinizing areas. After surgery and short-term use of nonnarcotic analgesics, the chest pain resolved. Although pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) is known to produce cavitating lesions, calcification at multiple sites is also consistent with this diagnosis. Clinicians should remember to include PHG in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules.

It is important to establish whether presumed differences among varieties of motor responses are manifested in related differences in performance. In order to determine possible functional distinctions between closed and open kinetic chain tasks, participants' performance in the presence or absence of cognitive distraction on an error-detection task was assessed. Individual testing of participants consisted of knee extension and flexion movements to experimenter-defined positions, approximating the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the participants' range of motion on the apparatus. Performance under conditions of distraction was significantly worse than in the absence of distraction. Performance using longer movements was significantly more accurate. No substantial differences were found between closed and open kinetic chain movements. Limitations of this research for the distinction between open and closed chain tasks are addressed, and clinical implications of the effects of distraction are presented.

Cadavers were compared with live anesthetized dogs for their effectiveness as models for surgical training of veterinary medical students. One group of students was trained using cadavers, and a peer group was trained using live anesthetized dogs. Both groups then performed an intestinal anastomosis using a live subject. The time to completion of the procedure was recorded. The anastomoses and celiotomy closures were evaluated. Each anastomosis was isolated and pressure tested. Reviewers blindly scored each surgical team's performance based on actual inspection of the surgical site and on viewing videotapes of the procedure. The participants' attitudes toward the use of live animals in teaching and research were documented before and after training. No statistically significant differences could be detected between the two groups. The results suggest that some substitution of cadavers for live dogs in surgical training might be feasible.

Thirty patients with the diagnosis of mesothelioma were admitted to the Swedish Hospital Medical Center, Seattle, from 1975 to 1979. Of these, 26 had pleural and 4 had peritoneal mesothelioma. In 20 of the patients with pleural mesothelioma, the diagnosis had been made by open thoractomy and in only one by needle biopsy of the pleura. The average survival of the patients with pleural tumors from time of diagnosis was 15 months, and two are alive at three and eight months, respectively, one of whom had an apparent solitary benign mesothelioma. The average survival of those with peritoneal mesothelioma was ten months, although one has survived six years. There were 17 patients with a known history of exposure to asbestos, 14 while working in shipyards. Because of the relatively high incidence of this previously rare tumor in the Puget Sound, Washington, area, and the generally dismal results of therapy, better methods of diagnosis including thoracoscopy and a more systematic approach to treatment are recommended.

Aerial density, flight thresholds, and periodicity were estimated for the house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), from data collected by suction traps located in a dairy barn in Kansas between 1 July and 31 October 1970. M. domestica catches increased from July to August, declining to near zero by the end of October. S. calcitrans catches peaked in July and September with a major decline in August. Both species exhibited a diel periodicity in flight with maximal activity during the early afternoon. Secondary peaks were detected in the late afternoon or early evening. M. domestica activity peaked about two hours after S. calcitrans. Male and female S. calcitrans flight activity patterns were slightly different, but peaked at the same time. Both species flew at temperatures between 20 and 38 degrees C. At temperatures over 33 degrees C, stable fly activity decreased rapidly. No upper threshold for flight by M. domestica was detected. The median temperature-flight thresholds of male and female S. calcitrans were significantly different, with females flying at lower temperatures than males. The threshold for M. domestica flight was lower than for S. calcitrans. The shape of the temperature-flight relationship indicated that the flight threshold was determined by heat accumulation.

Studies were made of 36 different nuts, grains, fruits and vegetables commonly used as human foods; each of these was fed to a group of ovariectomized rats for 10 days as a sole diet. The estrogenic activities of the foods were estimated by comparing the uterine weights, uterine fluid volumes and the vaginal cornification indices of each group of rats with those of groups fed other foods. Almonds, cashew nuts, peanuts, oats, corn, wheat and apples all showed estrogenic activity. The original sample of almonds showed the greatest estrogenic activity (p less than 0.01) which was confirmed by repetition of the experiment (p less than 0.01), but subsequent studies of other samples of almonds showed no estrogenic activity. Possible reasons for the disparity of the results with different lots of almonds are discussed.

A concept is developed for the regulation of populations by density-dependent movement, rather than by overt competition alone. Fitness is seen as maximising the reproductive advantage of a balance between migratory and congregatory behaviours. Population density is shown to be spatially, as well as temporally dynamic and a mechanism is proposed that accounts for observed spatial behaviour.

The development of the early 2-cell mouse embryo to the late 2-cell stage is marked by the appearance between 23 and 26 h post-insemination of a complex of polypeptides of mol. wt. approximately 67 K. Addition of alpha-amanitin between 18 and 21 h post-insemination prevents or reduces the subsequent appearance of these polypeptides. Addition of alpha-amanitin after 21 h does not obviously affect the appearance of the approximately 67 K polypeptides. A major change in synthetic profile occurs between 29 and 32 h post-insemination involving many polypeptides. Addition of alpha-amanitin to 2-cell embryos prior to 29 h post-insemination prevents the appearance of the new polypeptides observed during this major change but does not prevent the disappearance of the old polypeptides. In contrast, addition of alpha-amanitin after this time does not affect the appearance of the new polypeptides. This result, together with other evidence presented, suggests that during the 2-cell stage the embryonic genome shows transcriptional activity in two phases at 18-21 and 26-29 h post-insemination, that these transcripts are utilized soon after their synthesis, and that most maternal transcripts used before the second phase of embryonic transcription become ineffective soon afterwards.

Fifteen kindreds with dominant hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were studied. Expansion of the data from a family with an 8/12 translocation provided further evidence that at least one locus for HS is located near the breakpoint of the translocation. Linkage analysis of all families showed a lack of linkage with all marker loci studied except for Gm (IgG). Linkage between Gm and HS was shown to be significant with a maximum lod score of 3.42 at a recombination fraction of 22%. No heterogeneity of the recombination fraction was observed either between sexes or between families. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that HS is not a heterogeneous disorder.