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Purpose: To report the results of our modified technique for repair of the EWAS 1 lesion of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Methods: This retrospective case series reviewed 22 consecutive patients with EWAS 1 TFCC tear. Arthroscopic repair was done using our modified double-loop arthroscopic outside-in technique which is originally described by Mathoulin and Del Piñal. The repair was performed using single-strand suture and 18-gauge cannula, having three passes through the tear. Follow-ups ranged from 24 to 33 months with an average of 29.3 months. The results were evaluated by the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), Visual Analog Score (VAS). In addition, range of motion (ROM) and power grip were compared with the contralateral side. Results: The mean age was 23 years. The dominant side was affected in 16 wrists. There was postoperative improvement of the all functional outcome measures (MMWS, VAS, ROM, and power grip). All the patients returned to their previous activities with no reported intra- or postoperative complications. Conclusions: The described outside-in technique is safe and effective technique for repair of EWAS 1 TFCC tear. Level of evidence: Therapeutic, case series, level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple studies have provided evidence that the hospitality and tourism sector is experiencing a growing reliance on information and communication technology (ICT). Consequently, employees in this industry are facing an escalating expectation to stay connected and address work-related communication even outside their regular working hours. Little is known about how using ICTs during off-job can raise employee unfairness perceptions and job overload and how managers can control this. The primary focus of the current study is to examine the association between work-related ICT use after hours and employees' perceived injustice and the mediating role of work-role overload and the moderating role of psychological detachment in this relationship within the hospitality and tourism industry. By convenient sampling method, 400 employee responses were collected. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the "Partial least squares (PLS)" technique, employing SmartPLS-4 software. The empirical findings demonstrate a positive association between work-related ICT use after hours and employees' perceived injustice (EPI) and work role overload (WRO). Similarly, the mediating role of work-role overload and the moderating role of psychological detachment were supported. The study concludes by providing theoretical and practical implications and discusses how these findings can be applied within the tourism and hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect meal can be a promising nutrients source in aquafeed, replacing expensive, scarce or unsustainable foods however; molecular mechanisms behind its role on fish growth remain unknown. From this point, the impact of partial or total replacement of fish meal protein with defatted black soldier larvae meal (PD-BSLM) on Nile tilapia's performance, body composition, expression of genes related protein and fatty acids transporters and immunity and economic efficiency was evaluated. A total of 500 Nile tilapia (17.9 ± 0.3 g) was distributed into 4 groups: control fed basal diet with 10% fish meal; the other 3 groups were fed basal in which fish meal was replaced by 25, 50 and 100% of PD-BSLM for 12-weeks. The results described that dietary inclusion of PD-BSLM had no negative impact on Nile tilapia's growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein utilization and nutrient digestibility even after 100% replacement. Body fat content was significantly decreased with increasing PD-BSLM levels. Amino acids analysis of fish body showed that replacement of fish meal with 100% PD-BSLM has a slight change on its lysine content. Interestingly, lysozymes, IgM and nitric oxide levels were significantly enhanced in group fed PD-BSLM at 100% replacement level. Transcriptomics profile of genes encoding amino acids (SLC3A1 - SLC6A19) and peptides transporters (SLC15a1a - SLC15a1b - SLC15a2) revealed no negative effect in response to PD-BSLM. Moreover, mRNA expression of genes controlling fat transportation and metabolism (FABP-2 , PPAR-α and PPAR-β) was up-regulated in groups fed higher PD-BSLM levels. Remarkably, mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β gene TNF-α) was down-regulated and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) was up-regulated at higher PD-BSLM levels. Therefore, our study reported that replacement of fish meal with PD-BSLM up to 100% had a positive modulating effect on the expression of protein and fat transporters that can explain a non adversely affected growth performance of Nile tilapia. Besides, the higher inclusion levels of PD-BSLM can boost immunity of Nile tilapia as well as increased the economic efficiency. • The partial defatted black soldier larvae meal (BSLM) can replace fish meal up 100% in Nile tilapia without reducing the growth rate and feed efficiency. • BSLM had an enhanced impact on immune response by boosting serum immune parameters and modulating cytokines expression. • BSLM has near similar impact of fish meal on regulating the genes expression related to amino and fatty acids transporters. • BSLM is a cost-effective strategy in fish farming, as it reduce the feed cost of Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary aflatoxins are a major risk to the health of aquaculture species and their animal and human consumers. This study reports a first comparative antitoxic and antifungal activity of natural probiotic (honey) and antifungal drug (natamycin)-supplemented diets to alleviate the toxicity induced by the fungus (A. flavus) or it's producing aflatoxins. A set of experiments were primarily conducted in vitro including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. flavus for natamycin and honey and the antifungal activity of the honey, besides contaminating a fish diet with toxigenic strain A. flavus then detecting the dietary presence of aflatoxins, using TLC, before and after cultivating the fungus. We further investigated the influence of honey and natamycin on growth; biochemical parameters; histology and immunohistochemistry; and liver residual deposition (using HPLC to identify the aflatoxin type and amount). One hundred and eighty Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (25.99 ± 3.31 g) were allocated into six groups in triplicates (10 fish/replicate). A control group (G1) and five other groups, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6, were fed daily a basal diet and basal diets enriched with honey (70% concentration, 200 ml kgL−1 diet)) (H), natamycin (2.5 g kgL−1) (N), aflatoxins, and combined aflatoxins groups (aflatoxins+H and aflatoxins+N) respectively for 45 days. Fish received aflatoxins-contaminated diet (G4) showed low growth, and alterations in immune status, hepatic antioxidant, and hepato-renal biomarkers. Additionally, it revealed histological changes in liver and kidneys tissues, besides a strong caspase-3 and weak BCL-2 immunohistoreactivity compared to combined groups (G5, G6), and higher tissues bioaccumulation. The dietary additive of honey (G2) significantly (P < 0.05) elevated growth parameters; serum immunological biomarkers including lysozyme, nitric oxide (NO), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO); tissue antioxidant indicators including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) implying oxidative protection; and retrieved the malondialdehyde (MDA), antistress indicator (cortisol), hepato-renal parameters including ALP, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine. At the tissue and cellular level, honey sustained the histological architecture, modulated the immunohistochemical parameters, and efficiently mitigated the aflatoxins residual deposition in hepatic tissues compared to natamycin (G3) and control (G1). Comparing the antitoxic efficiency of honey and natamycin for the supplemented groups with aflatoxins (G5 and G6), natamycin was more effective in ameliorating the toxicity with aflatoxins reflected in modulating all measured parameters and low mortalities compared to honey. The dietary additive of natamycin had the ability to eliminate aflatoxin B1 and reduced the amount of aflatoxin G1, while honey eliminated aflatoxin G1 and decreased the aflatoxin B1 level. From the study outcomes, and to overcome the usage of antifungal drugs, the dietary additive of honey is a research hotspot both for the beneficial impacts including growth promoter, immune stimulator, hepatic antioxidant protection, tissue architecture maintaining, and aflatoxins detoxification in O. niloticus , and as a safe alternative to the antifungal drug. • Honey and natamycin exhibit antidotal potency against aflatoxins-contaminated diet. • Honey-supplemented diet modulates growth, immunity, and protects against oxidation. • Compared to natamycin, honey maintains tissue architecture and immunohistochemistry. • Natamycin eliminates aflatoxin B1 and reduces the amount of aflatoxin G1 in hepatic tissue. • Honey eliminates aflatoxin G1 and decreases the aflatoxin B1 level in hepatic tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented soy pulp (FSP) is currently capturing attention worldwide because of the high price of fish meal and its inconsistent supply in recent years. FSP replaces fish meal as a source of protein and energy towards improved fish health and growth. The protein replacement was employed in this study to assess the growth and health status, digestive enzyme, amino acid profile, and immune-related gene expression of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The duration of the feeding experiment was 70 days. Five isonitrogenous. (32% crude protein) diets were prepared with FSP replacing D1 (0% FSP), D2 (25% FSP), D3 (50% FSP), D4 (75% FSP) and D5 (100% FSP) to FM component of the diets. D1 diet with 0% FSP was considered as a control. The fermentation process of FSP was carried out for three weeks. This resulted in the experimental diets having significantly different (p < 0.05) growth parameters. The D3 diet showed the highest weight gain and SGR with a mean and standard deviation of 1552.41 ± 81.67% and 1.73 ± 0.03%, respectively. D3 diet had better relative protein digestibility (RPD) value of 92.33 ± 2.19 compared with fish fed with the control diet. Amylase and lipase activities were found to be significantly higher in the D3 diet. The muscle amino acid profiles (arginine, isoleucine, histidine, and leucine) and gene expression (TGF-β1, lyzg, NF-kβ, and hsp90a) were significantly highest (p < 0.05) in the D3 diet. Fresh insights have been demonstrated by the findings of the study into the production of FSP as a replacement product. These insights would efficiently enhance the generation of aquafeed, which are low in cost and healthy towards the production of African catfish and other freshwater species. In conclusion, a new theory on using FSP as a plant-based replacement material and a protein replacement for fish growth and health status booster may be achieved at 50% of FSP inclusion. • Replacing 50% fermented soy pulp (FSP) with fish meal improved the growth performances and health status of Clarias gariepinus • Relative protein digestibility, amylase and lipase activity were significantly higher in 50% FSP diet compared with others treatment. • The muscle amino acid profile (arginine, isoleucine, histidine, and leucine) was also increased in fish fed 50% FSP diet. • The relative expressions of TGF-β1, lyzg, NF-kβ and hsp90a were significantly higher in 50% FSP diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) established a prospective value in aquaculture; however, extensive use afflicts fish and environment. Therefore, the current study represents a premier report to investigate the acute exposure of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.) to AgNPs and the ethological alterations in a static renewal system. Additionally, AgNPs impact on blood profile, stress, brain activity, and branchial oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Fish (50.71 ± 3.85 g) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) of AgNPs for 96-h without water exchange. Finney's probit analysis was used to estimate the 96-h LC50 value of AgNPs which recorded 21.38 mg L−1. In comparison to the control, the AgNPs exposed fish exhibited different ethological responses such as surfacing for gasping air, restlessness, slow swimming movement, aggressiveness, and nervousness and the scores of these behaviors and mortalities reached the high values with increasing AgNPs concentrations. There were marked reductions in hematological indices (RBCs, Hb, Hct, and WBCs), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and oxidative stress indices (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione content (GSH)) of exposed groups in an AgNPs dose-dependent manner relative to the control group. On the contrary, the levels of stress-mediated indices (glucose and cortisol) and 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8OH2dG) were markedly decreased in all AgNPs exposed groups as compared with the control group and the reduction increased with increasing the exposure concentration. We concluded that AgNPs exposure of C. gariepinus induced marked alterations in behavior, blood profile, neurological, and branchial antioxidant parameters, and the 96-h LC50 of AgNPs was 21.38 mg L−1 and this provides a basis for future applying AgNPs as a safe therapeutic agent after considering the acute toxicity. • African catfish was exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for 96-h. • AgNPs exposure induced behavioral alterations as surfacing and aggressiveness. • AgNPs exposure altered hematological and neurological indices in African catfish. • AgNPs exposure induced oxidative damage in African catfish gills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Safety of superparamagnetic magnetite nano-particles (MNPs) aqueous suspension in counteracting and removing the toxic effect of Hg ions and prevent their accumulation in muscles. • The highest adsorption loading of MNPs to Hg ions was at a concentration of 1 ppm. • The exposed fish to Hg ions showed a low growth, increased feed conversion rate with the lowest return, and microcytic hypochromic anemia, also, a sharp and clear depletion in the immune and antioxidant indicators. • MNPs recovered the hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters. Among toxic pollutants, Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal that induces harmful impacts on aquatic ecosystems directly and human being's health indirectly. This study confirmed the in vitro magnetic potential of magnetite Nano-Particles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) against waterborne Hg exposure-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We further evaluate the safety profile of Fe 3 O 4 NPs on fish growth, hemato-biochemical, histological parameters, bioaccumulation in muscles, and economy. Magnetite nanoparticles were characterized, adsorption loading to Hg ions was investigated, and testing different concentrations of Fe 3 O 4 NPs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/L) was applied to determine the highest concentration of adsorption. An in vivo experiment includes 120 fish with an average weight of 26.2 ± 0.26 g were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, each group had three replicates (n = 30 fish/group; 10 fish/ replicate). All groups were fed on a reference basal diet and the experiment was conducted for 30 days. The first group (G 1) was allocated as a control. The second group (G 2) received 1.0 mg/L aqueous suspension of Fe 3 O 4 NPs. The third group (G 3) was exposed to an aqueous solution of Hg ions at a concentration of 0.025 mg/L. Meanwhile, the fourth group (G 4) acquired an aqueous suspension composed of a mixture of Hg ions and Fe 3 O 4 NPs as previously mentioned. Throughout the exposure period, the clinical signs, symptoms, and mortalities were recorded. The Hg ions-exposed group induced the following consequences; reduced appetite resulting in reduced growth and less economic efficiency; microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia; sharp and clear depletion in the immune indicators including lysozymes activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Myeloperoxidase activities (MPO); significant higher levels of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD); histological alterations of gill, hepatic and muscular tissues with strong expression of apoptotic marker (caspase 3); and a higher accumulation of Hg ions in the muscles. Surprisingly, Fe 3 O 4 NPs-supplemented groups exhibited strong adsorption capacity against the Hg ions and mostly removed the Hg ions accumulation in the muscles. Also, the hematological, biochemical, and histological parameters were recovered. Thus, in order to assess the antitoxic role of Fe 3 O 4 NPs against Hg and their safety on O. niloticus , and fill the gap of the research, the current context was investigated to evaluate the promising role of Fe 3 O 4 NPs to prevent Hg-exposure-induced toxicity and protection of fish health, which ascertains essentiality for sustainable development of nanotechnology in the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of smart delivery systems for encapsulation of natural ingredients provides novel avenues and is being frequently developed. Thus, we aimed to highlight the effects of cyclosome liposomal pine bark extract (CL-PBE) on Nile tilapia growth, immunomodulation, antioxidant capacity and resistance against coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus faecalis and their associated virulence genes. The experiment was conducted on four fish groups receiving a control diet (control) along with three baseline meals supplemented with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg diet of CL-PBE (CL-PBE 200, 400 and 600, respectively). At the end of the 12-weeks feeding trial, the tilapias were intraperitoneally challenged with virulent A. hydrophila strain and five days later, E. faecalis challenge was carried out. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with CL-PBE displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrated that CL-PBE had potent antioxidant property presented by modulation of several markers of oxidative stress; substantial reductions in reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, an elevation in total antioxidant capacity and boosting glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in fish serum and muscle tissues. This was also correlated with augmenting the expression of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, Nrf2 and caspase-1 genes alongside reducing those of COX-2, HSP70 and iNOS genes in response to CL-PBE. Our data demonstrated that CL-PBE fortification counteracted the overly pronounced inflammatory response-mediated induction of IL-1β, TNF-α, MHCII and TLR2 genes at the transcriptional levels post coinfection together with promotion in MUC2 and IL-10 genes expression. Notably, our findings displayed optimal well-functioning fish immune system post dietary supplementation of CL-PBE for the protection against coinfection with A. hydrophila and E. faecalis. This was evident from the decline of their counts and hence encompassing the capacity to reduce cumulative mortality percentage in conjunction with interference with their virulence via the significant downregulatory effects of CL-PBE on E. faecalis esp and gelE and A. hydrophila act and fla virulence genes. Taken together, our study strongly suggested dietary inclusion of CL-PBE for Nile tilapias with superior growth performance and significant economic benefits coupled with potent stimulatory effects on antioxidant capacity and immune response expediting our detailed understanding of how coinfection with A. hydrophila and E. faecalis was controlled., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ) is characterized by poor performance and higher mortality rates in poultry farms. Novel dietary intervention involving bioactive molecules loaded into smart magnetized nano-system with a potent antioxidant function (quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs), was evaluated for their impact on growth performance, intestinal immune and antioxidant defenses, and resistance against Clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model. Four experimental groups comprising a total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed different diets: a control basal diet, a diet supplemented with quercetin (300 mg/kg), a diet with Fe 3 O 4 -NPs (60 mg/kg), and a diet with quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs (300 mg/kg). These groups were then challenged with C. perfringens during the grower period. Dietary inclusion of quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs prominently reduced C. perfringens colonization and its associated virulence genes expression, which subsequently restored the impaired growth performance and intestinal histopathological changes in challenged broilers. Quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs supplemented group displayed higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts, upregulation of intestinal host defense antimicrobial peptides related genes (avian β -defensin 6 and 12) and downregulation of intestinal inflammatory regulated genes (Interleukin-1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, tumor necrosis factor- α , chemokine C-C motif ligand 20, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloox-ygenase-2). Intestinal redox balance was boosted via upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and heme Oxygenase 1 genes along with simultaneous decrease in hydrogen peroxide , reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents in groups fed quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs. Overall, new nutritional intervention with quercetin-loaded Fe 3 O 4 -NPs impacted better immune and antioxidant defenses, attenuated C. perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and contributed to better performance in the challenged birds., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Al-Nasser, El-Demerdash, Ibrahim, Abd El-Hamid, Al-Khalaifah, El-borady, Shukry, El-Azzouny, Ibrahim, Badr, Elshater, Ismail and El Sayed.)

Aim: To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) parameters, using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici (CSO) machine, in an Egyptian population sample., Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytic study, in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included. Both upper lids were examined, using " Sirius CSO" machine. Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss (MGL), which was calculated by the software of the machine., Results: Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%, and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%. Thirty-four volunteers (32.7%) had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid, and 67.3% had second-degree loss. One volunteer (1%) had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid, 28 (26.9%) had first-degree loss, and 75 (72.1%) had second-degree loss. Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age, but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age. There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye ( P =0.036) and in left eye ( P =0.027)., Conclusion: Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL. MGL is diagnosed in 100% of apparently normal individuals; 26.9%-32.7% of which have first-degree MGL, and 67.3%-72.1% have second-degree MGL., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

The current study evaluated the effects of parsley essential oil on broiler growth performance, carcass features, liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant activity, and lipid profile. A total of 160 unsexed 7-day broiler chicks (Cobb500) were distributed into five groups; each group contained five replicates with eight birds each. The treatments were (1) basal diet (no additive, T1), (2) basal diet + 0.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T2), (3) basal diet + 1 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T3), (4) basal diet + 1.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T4), and (5) basal diet + 2 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T5). According to GC-MS analysis, parsley oil contains D-limonene, hexadecanoic acid, α-cyclocitral, globulol, α-pinene, myristicin, cryophyllene, bergapten, α-chamigrene, etc. The current results indicated that the most abundant molecules in parsley oil were D-limonene (18.82%), oleic acid (14.52%), α-cyclocitral (11.75%), globulol (11.24%), α-guaiene (7.34%), apiol (5.45%), and hexadecanoic acid (4.69%). Adding parsley essential oil to the broiler diet quadratically increased body weight (BW) during 1-3 weeks of age. The T5 group recorded the highest value (869.37 g) of BW in comparison to other treatments and the control group. The cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total immunoglobulin, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the birds fed parsley essential oil were not affected. The T3 group recorded the highest value (159 ng/mL) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest value (2.01 ng/mL) of malondialdehyde (MDA) when compared to the control and other treatment. In conclusion, we recommend using parsley oil at levels of 1 mL/kg diet of broiler chicks., (© 2024 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)

Aim: To study and compare the predisposing factors and clinical features of pediatric, adult, and elderly rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)., Methods: This is an observational analytic cross-sectional study in which patients with RRD admitted for surgery during 6mo period were divided into 3 age groups: pediatric (<18y), adult (18-60y), and elderly (>60y). Patients' demographic data, clinical features, RRD predisposing factors/features including myopia (axial length ≥26.5 mm), aphakia/pseudophakia, blunt trauma, peripheral retinal degenerations, history of RRD in the fellow eye, and surgical interventions/findings were recorded and analyzed., Results: Totally 142 patients (142 eyes) were studied: 26 (18.31%) pediatrics, 86 (60.56%) adults, and 30 (21.13%) elderly. Elderly patients had a significantly higher intraocular pressures and cataracts compared to the other 2 groups ( P =0.04). The RRD extent was larger in pediatric group (mostly 4 quadrants) compared to adults and elderly (mostly 2 quadrants), but it was not statistically insignificant ( P =0.242). There were not statistically significantly differences in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) rate, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) rate, number, site, shape, and size of breaks in three groups. All three groups had macular detachment in all eyes. Myopia and peripheral retinal degenerations were found to be more significant in adults ( P =0.049, P =0.035, respectively), while blunt trauma was higher but insignificant in pediatric eyes ( P =0.052). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil as a tamponade was the most used surgery in all groups., Conclusion: There are no significant difference in PVR rate in pediatric eyes but a significant higher rate of total RRD. Blunt trauma is more frequent in pediatrics eyes while myopia and/or peripheral retinal degenerations are more frequent in older ages. The rate of PPV as a choice for surgery is similar among all age groups., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Grass pea is a promising crop with the potential to provide food and fodder, but its genomics has not been adequately explored. Identifying genes for desirable traits, such as drought tolerance and disease resistance, is critical for improving the plant. Grass pea currently lacks known R-genes, including the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family, which plays a key role in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses. In our study, we used the recently published grass pea genome and available transcriptomic data to identify 274 NBS-LRR genes. The evolutionary relationships between the classified genes on the reported plants and LsNBS revealed that 124 genes have TNL domains, while 150 genes have CNL domains. All genes contained exons, ranging from 1 to 7. Ten conserved motifs with lengths ranging from 16 to 30 amino acids were identified. We found TIR-domain-containing genes in 132 LsNBSs, with 63 TIR-1 and 69 TIR-2, and RX-CCLike in 84 LsNBSs. We also identified several popular motifs, including P-loop, Uup, kinase-GTPase, ABC, ChvD, CDC6, Rnase&#95;H, Smc, CDC48, and SpoVK. According to the gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes undergo several biological processes such as plant defense, innate immunity, hydrolase activity, and DNA binding. In the upstream regions, 103 transcription factors were identified that govern the transcription of nearby genes affecting the plant excretion of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid. According to RNA-Seq expression analysis, 85% of the encoded genes have high expression levels. Nine LsNBS genes were selected for qPCR under salt stress conditions. The majority of the genes showed upregulation at 50 and 200  μ M NaCl. However, LsNBS-D18 , LsNBS-D204 , and LsNBS-D180 showed reduced or drastic downregulation compared to their respective expression levels, providing further insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. They provide valuable insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. Our findings also shed light on the evolution and classification of NBS-LRR genes in legumes, highlighting the potential of grass pea. Further research could focus on the functional analysis of these genes, and their potential use in breeding programs to improve the salinity, drought, and disease resistance of this important crop., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Alsamman, Mousa, Nassar, Faheem, Radwan, Adly, Hussein, Istanbuli, Mokhtar, Elakkad, Kehel, Hamwieh, Abdelsattar and El Allali.)

The use of metal phosphides, particularly aluminum phosphide, poses a significant threat to human safety and results in high mortality rates. This study aimed to determine mortality patterns and predictive factors for acute zinc and aluminum phosphide poisoning cases that were admitted to Menoufia University Poison and Dependence Control Center from 2017 to 2021. Statistical analysis revealed that poisoning was more common among females (59.7%), aged between 10 and 20 years, and from rural regions. Most cases were students, and most poisonings were the result of suicidal intentions (78.6%). A new hybrid model named Bayesian Optimization-Relevance Vector Machine (BO-RVM) was proposed to forecast fatal poisoning. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 97%, with high positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) values of 100% and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity was 89.3%, while the specificity was 100%. The F1 score was 94.3%, indicating a good balance between precision and recall. These results suggest that the model performs well in identifying both positive and negative cases. Additionally, the BO-RVM model has a fast and accurate processing time of 379.9595 s, making it a promising tool for various applications. The study underscores the need for public health policies to restrict the availability and use of phosphides in Egypt and adopt effective treatment methods for phosphide-poisoned patients. Clinical suspicion, positive silver nitrate test for phosphine, and analysis of cholinesterase levels are useful in diagnosing metal phosphide poisoning, which can cause various symptoms., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Midodrine was effectively used for prophylaxis against hypotensive syndromes such as postural hypotension and intradialytic hypotension, and during the recovery phase of septic shock. In our study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic administration of midodrine tablets before spinal anesthesia in reducing the occurrence of hypotension., Methods: This randomized placebo-controlled study embraced 67 patients aged 18 to 40 years undergoing elective knee surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were randomized to midodrine group (given 10-mg tablets of midodrine) or placebo group (given placebo tablets), and tablets were administered 1 hour before spinal anesthesia (intrathecal injection of 12.5-mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 15-μg fentanyl). The primary outcome was the occurrence of hypotension, defined as a systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or <80% of baseline. Secondary outcomes were hemodynamic characteristics (mean arterial pressure [MAP] and heart rate [HR]) after spinal anesthesia, ephedrine dose, and occurrence of complications including bradycardia, vasovagal attacks, reactive hypertension nausea, vomiting, and shivering., Results: The number of patients who became hypotensive after spinal anesthesia was 5 (14.7%) in midodrine group versus 14 (42.4%) in the placebo group; relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 0.35 (0.14-0.85) ( P = .021). The median (interquartile range) total dose of ephedrine was significantly lower in midodrine group 0 (0-10) mg than in placebo group (0 (0-15) mg; the Hodges-Lehmann median difference (95% confidence interval) was 0 (0-5) mg ( P = .015). For MAP data, the group × time interaction was significant ( P = .038), and the MAP was significantly lower in the placebo group than in the midodrine group after intrathecal injection at 2 minutes ( P = .047), 10 minutes ( P = .045), 15 minutes ( P < .001), 20 minutes ( P = .007), 30 minutes ( P =.013), 45 minutes ( P = .029), 60 minutes ( P = .029), and at the end of surgery ( P < .001). For HR data, the group × time interaction was nonsignificant ( P = .807), and the difference in means (95% confidence interval) between groups collapsing over time was -1.4 (-3.1 to 0.2) beats/min ( P = .096). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the occurrence of complications., Conclusions: Prophylactic administration of 10-mg midodrine tablets before spinal anesthesia is an effective method in the prevention of hypotension in young adult patients undergoing elective orthopedic knee surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 International Anesthesia Research Society.)

Oxidative stress is considered the main etiologic factor involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Integration of nanocarriers for natural therapeutic agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential is a novel promising candidate for curing IBD. Herein, the colonic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of different concentrations of quercetin nanoparticles (QT-NPs) were evaluated using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Following colitis induction, the efficacy and mechanistic actions of QT-NPs were evaluated by assessing lesion severity, molecular aids controlling oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination of colonic tissues. Administration of QT-NPs, especially at higher concentrations, significantly reduced the disease activity index and values of fecal calprotectin marker compared to the colitic group. Colonic oxidant/antioxidant status (ROS, H 2 O 2 , MDA, SOD, CAT, GPX and TAC) was restored after treatment with higher concentrations of QT-NPs. Moreover, QT-NPs at levels of 20 mg/kg and, to a lesser extent, 15 mg/kg reduced Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expression, which was in line with decreasing the expression of iNOS and COX2 in colonic tissues. Higher concentrations of QT-NPs greatly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines; upregulated genes encoding occludin, MUC-2 and JAM; and restored the healthy architectures of colonic tissues. Taken together, these data suggest that QT-NPs could be a promising alternative to current IBD treatments.

Recently, the use of essential oils (EOs) or their bioactive compounds encapsulated by nanoparticles as alternative supplements for in-feed antimicrobials is gaining attention, especially in organic poultry production. Focusing on eugenol, its incorporation into the nanoformulation is a novel strategy to improve its stability and bioavailability and thus augment its growth-boosting and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, we explored eugenol nanoemulsion activities in modulating growth, digestive and gut barrier functions, immunity, cecal microbiota, and broilers response to avian pathogenic E. coli challenge (APEC) O78. A total of 1,000 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into five groups; negative control (NC, fed basal diet), positive control (PC), and 100, 250, and 400 mg/kg eugenol nanoemulsion supplemented groups. All groups except NC were challenged with APEC O78 at 14 days of age. The results showed that birds fed eugenol nanoemulsion displayed higher BWG, FI, and survivability and most improved FCR over the whole rearing period. Birds fed 400 mg/kg of eugenol nanoemulsion sustained a higher growth rate (24% vs. PC) after infection. Likely, the expression of digestive enzymes' genes ( AMY2A, CCK, CELA1 , and PNLIP ) was more prominently upregulated and unaffected by APEC O78 challenge in the group fed eugenol nanoemulsion at the level of 400 mg/kg. Enhanced gut barrier integrity was sustained post-challenge in the group supplemented with higher levels of eugenol nanoemulsion as evidenced by the overexpression of cathelicidins-2, β-defensin-1, MUC -2, JAM -2, occludin, CLDN -1, and FABP -2 genes. A distinct modulatory effect of dietary eugenol nanoemulsion was observed on cytokine genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL -6, IL -8, and IL -10) expression with a prominent reduction in the excessive inflammatory reactions post-challenge. Supplementing eugenol nanoemulsion increased the relative cecal abundance of Lactobacillus species and reduced Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteriods counts. Notably, a prominent reduction in APEC O78 loads with downregulation of papC, iroN, iutA , and iss virulence genes and detrimental modifications in E. coli morphological features were noticed in the 400 mg/kg eugenol nanoemulsion group at the 3rd-week post-challenge. Collectively, we recommend the use of eugenol nanoemulsion as a prospective targeted delivery approach for achieving maximum broilers growth and protection against APEC O78 infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ibrahim, Eldemery, Metwally, Abd-Allah, Mohamed, Ismail, Hamed, Al Sadik, Neamat-Allah and Abd El-Hamid.)

This study evaluated the immunotoxic effects of thallium (Tl) in Nile tilapia fingerlings and the recovery role of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (ASs). An 8-week experiment was designed where 180 fishes were randomly and equally assigned in triplicates into the six groups: the control group (CNT) was reared in unpolluted water and fed a commercial diet, two groups were fed a well-balanced commercial diet plus 1.5 and 3.0 g AS/kg diet (AS0.15 and AS0.30), respectively, the fourth group was exposed to a sublethal dose of Tl (41.9 μg l -1 ) [equal to 1/10 of 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC50)], and the last two groups were fed 0.15 and 0.3% AS, respectively, and concurrently exposed to Tl (41.9 μg l -1 ) (AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl). Fish hematobiochemical parameters, serum immunity [nitric oxide, total immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, and lysozyme activity], transcription of hepatic interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila ( A. hydrophila ) were assessed. Hematobiochemical parameters and serum immune indices were significantly decreased in the fish group exposed to sublethal Tl concentration compared to the CNT group. Furthermore, Tl exposure significantly induced overexpression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ genes (4.22-, 5.45-, and 4.57-fold higher, respectively) compared to CNT values. Tl exposure also increased the cumulative mortality (%) in Nile tilapia challenged with A. hydrophila . Remarkably, the groups fed AS0.15+Tl and AS0.30+Tl significantly ameliorated all the aforementioned parameters, but did not reach CNT values. Our findings suggest the possible immunomodulating roles of dietary AS in recovering the immunotoxic effects of Tl in Nile tilapia. We can conclude that dietary AS would be useful for maintaining the immunity of Nile tilapia fingerlings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Farag, Alagawany, Khalil, El-Hady, Elhady, Ismail, Marini, Di Cerbo and Abdel-Latif.)

Purpose: To investigate the retinal microvascular and choroidal thickness changes in eyes with active Behḉet's disease posterior uveitis and post-remission., Patients and Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational analytic study where patients with active Behḉet's posterior uveitis (BU) were assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and enhanced depth imaging OCT during activity and after remission, for retinal microvascular and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) changes., Results: 26 eyes of 20 patients were included. With remission of active posterior uveitis, capillary density in both layers increased, only being significant in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) 1.81 ± 3.57% (p = 0.025), while the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area increased by 0.036 ± 0.069 mm (p = 0.023)., Conclusion: OCTA can be used to monitor the activity of Behḉet's posterior uveitis. Comparing the retinal microvascular changes during activity and after remission, the superficial capillary plexus was found to be more indicative of the activity status, while the deep capillary plexus and foveal avascular zone area-being more irreversible-are more useful as prognostic indicators. Subfoveal choroidal thickness, on the other hand, proved to be a consistent indictor of visual function; however, its change doesn't accurately reflect the activity status., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Background: In patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), endoscopic biliary drainage using the conventional self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is the gold standard method for palliative treatment. However, there are limited data on the role of the antireflux valve metal stent (ARVMS). The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of ARVMS and SEMS in patients with distal MBO., Methods: We searched PubMed, Ovid, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception until April 2019 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The selected studies provided data regarding technical and clinical success rates, adverse events, and stent dysfunction. Data were meta-analyzed using RevMan software., Results: Three RCTs were selected, enrolling 293 patients (147 ARVMS and 146 SEMS). The rates of technical success were 95.23% and 99.31% for ARVMS and SEMS groups, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-1.06; P=0.06). The clinical success rates were 91.57% and 89.36% for ARVMS and SEMS groups, respectively (OR 1.30, 95%CI 0.48-3.51; P=0.61). There was no significant difference between the ARVMS and SEMS groups in terms of adverse events (OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.35-1.05; P=0.07) or stent dysfunction (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.31-1.95; P=0.58), while the incidence of stent occlusion was significantly lower in the ARVMS group (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.26-0.76; P=0.003)., Conclusion: Our study showed that ARVMS and SEMS had similar technical and clinical success rates. Adverse events were comparable between the 2 arms; however, ARVMS was associated with a lower risk of stent occlusion. Larger RCTs are required to verify the benefit of ARVMS in distal MBO patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None, (Copyright: © Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.)

Purpose: To investigate functional and structural outcomes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during primary vitrectomy for uncomplicated macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)., Methods: In this prospective interventional randomized comparative study, 43 eyes (43 patients) were randomly divided into group A (20), and group B (23), with and without ILM peeling respectively. Patients were evaluated clinically, and by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry (MP) following silicone oil removal. Main outcome measures were functional-MP (mean and foveal retinal sensitivity; MRS, FRS) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)-and anatomical-en-face image analysis (retinal dimples), and SD-OCT changes [epiretinal membrane (ERM), subretinal fluid (SRF), ellipsoid zone disruption, central subfoveal thickness (CSFT), and foveal contour]., Results: All eyes achieved complete postoperative attachment with mean BCVA 1.0 ± 0.4 logMAR (6/60) in group A, and 0.4 ± 0.4 logMAR (6/15) in group B (p < 0.001). MRS and FRS were significantly higher in group B (p = 0.037 and 0.036 respectively). En-face OCT showed retinal dimples in all patients in group A (29.17 ± 7.67 dimples), compared to none in group B (p = 0.007). ERM did not develop in any eye in group A, while it developed in 17.4% of eyes in group B (p = 0.05)., Conclusion: Although ILM peeling prevented ERM, it resulted in poorer visual outcome in these uncomplicated RRD cases, and might be better reserved only for complicated cases.