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Population growth, socio-cultural and economic changes as well as technological progress have an immediate impact on the environment and human health in particular. Our steadily rising needs of resources increase the pressure on the environment and narrow down untainted habitats for plants and wild animals. Balance and resilience of ecosystems are further threatened by climate change, as temperature and seasonal shifts increase the pressure for all species to find successful survival strategies. Arctic and subarctic regions are especially vulnerable to climate change, as thawing of permafrost significantly transforms soil structures, vegetation and habitats. With rising temperature, the risk of zoonotic diseases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has also increased. As vegetation periods prolong and habitats broaden, zoonotic pathogens and their vectors find more favourable living conditions. Moreover, permafrost degradation may expose historic burial grounds and allow for reviving the vectors of deadly infections from the past. To assess the current state of knowledge and emerging risks in the light of the "One Health" concept, a German-Russian Symposium took place on 13 August 2018 in Yakutsk, Russian Federation. This symposium report presents the main findings generated from presentations and discussions.

The article presents the results of 13-year monitoring epidemiological studies on the actual nutrition and eating habits among children and adolescents studying in educational institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The study used standardized questionnaires, adapted by the Nutrition Center of the Health Institute M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, in accordance with national traditions and food culture of the peoples of the North and the Arctic. Methods of frequency analysis of consumption of individual products and daily reproduction of food from memory have been used to study the main parameters of consumption of individual foods, including those from local animal and vegetable raw materials, and national dishes. Three monitoring epidemiological studies of 2001 (1st study), 2008 (2nd study), 2013 (3rd study) studied the energy value of diets and nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals), the contribution of macronutrients in energy value. Schoolchildren's awareness of healthy nutrition was assessed. Dietary habits and addictions of children to particular foods and dishes have been identified. A comprehensive assessment of the actual nutrition and health status of 130 adolescents aged 15-18 years is given to study the effect of actual nutrition on the health of children, their anthropometric indices and body composition. Based on the results obtained, recommendations on how to optimize the nutrition of children of school age were scientifically substantiated, measures were taken to improve it, and conclusions were drawn on the need to improve the legal regulation of school feeding., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Aim: Evaluate immune status in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) depending on type of causative agent and severity of the infectious process., Materials and Methods: 232 residents of Yakutia including 127 patients with various forms of chronic hepatitis and 105 healthy individuals were examined. Relative levels of mature T-lymphocytes (CD3⁺), T-helpers (CD4⁺), T-suppressors (CD8⁺), B-lymphocytes (CD72⁺) and naturalkillers (CD16⁺) were studied by flow cytometry, as well as concentration of sera immune globulins of classes A, M and G by ELISA., Results: In patients with chronic hepatitis of various forms, a decrease of expression of differentiating antigens - CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD72⁺ on the surface of lymphocytes and concentration of sera immune globulins was established. In CHD patients in phase of monoreplication high activity of the infectious process is accompanied by a shift of immune regulatory index to the increase of activity of cytotoxic cells with simultaneous development of deficiency of mature functionally active T-lymphocytes. In the -group of patients with hepatitis D virus with liver cirrhosis normal concentration of sera immune globulins is retained against the decrease of the number of T-helpers and B-lymphocytes., Conclusion: In patients with various forms of viral hepatitis acquired immune deficiency can emerge, which is often accompanied by enhancement of NK-cell activity. The noted reduction of the number of mature functionally active T-cells, as well as main classes of sera antibodies could be con- nected with immune system load during a chronic infectious process.

Results of an assessment of the actual food of the population in various medicoeconomic zones of the republic (industrial, agricultural, Arctic) by method of the frequency analysis of food consumption are presented in the article. The analysis of control of compliance of quality and safety of foodstuff in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), according to requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, acts of the Customs union has been made. Decreased consumption of such foodstuff as milk, fish and meat products including products from local food staples and national dishes has been established. The data obtained are medic-biological justification for search of ways of optimization of population nutrition, creation of specialized products with a functional purpose and for the prevention of the states and diseases connected with nutrition violation. They also define innovative development of the republic in questions of biotechnologies of the production of specialized foods for various groups of the population. Results of chemical composition research of the most used wild-growing food plants of Yakutia are given. The questions connected with the nutrition and biological value of the dairy products of a functional purpose with use of wild-growing food herbs and berries of Yakutia are discussed.

Morphometric study of blood vessels in serous tumors of the ovaries was carried out. Vascularization of benign, borderline, and malignant tumors is different, which agrees with the data of color Doppler mapping. Pronounced morphological changes in vascular wall (degenerative changes, sclerosis, and hyalinosis) were detected mainly in borderline and malignant tumors.