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Analisam-se os diferenciais por gênero na relação do arranjo familiar com o status de saúde de pessoas com 65 anos ou mais, incorporando também fatores socioeconômicos e sociodemográficos. Utilizam-se dados da PNAD de 1998. Foram desenvolvidos diversos modelos de regressão logística para duas variáveis dependentes: auto-avaliação da saúde e declaração de doenças. Os fatores explicativos (área rural/urbana, idade, renda per capita, analfabetismo, arranjo familiar e condição no domicílio) foram incorporados seqüencialmente para avaliar as mudanças da inter-relação. Encontrou-se que, embora as mulheres tenham mais desvantagem quanto à declaração de doenças, a auto-avaliação da condição de sua saúde é relativamente similar à dos homens. Os diferenciais de gênero no padrão de arranjo familiar dos idosos são em parte responsáveis pela desvantagem no status de saúde das mulheres. Conclui-se que a formulação de políticas para o melhoramento do status de saúde do idoso deve considerar a existência de importantes diferenças de gênero no padrão da estrutura e arranjo de suas famílias. Existe necessidade de maior disponibilidade de inquéritos para idosos, que permitam aprofundamento na relação entre saúde do idoso, gênero e família. In this work one explores gender differences in family arrangement and its relation to the health status of men and women over 65, taking into account socio-demographic and socioeconomic variables. Data were collected through a National Household Survey in 1998 that included a special supplement on health. Several logistic regression models were run for two dependent variables: health self assessment and report of chronic conditions. The explanatory variables (urban/rural area, age, per capita income, illiteracy, family arrangement, and household condition) were incorporated in a sequential way to assess changes in the relationship. It was found that, although women report more chronic conditions, there is a relative similarity in health self-assessment for both women and men. Gender differences in family arrangements patterns are partially responsible for the poorer health status of women. Health policies oriented to the older people must take into consideration the existent of important gender differences in family structure and family arrangements. There is a need of more detailed information on Brazilian household surveys as to disentangle the relationships between the older people´s health, gender and family.

Our ability to predict the effects of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases is in its infancy. Numerous, and in some cases conflicting, predictions have been developed, principally based on models of biological processes or mapping of current and historical disease statistics. Current debates on whether climate change, relative to socioeconomic determinants, will be a major influence on human disease distributions are useful to help identify research needs but are probably artificially polarized. We have at least identified many of the critical geophysical constraints, transport opportunities, biotic requirements for some disease systems, and some of the socioeconomic factors that govern the process of migration and establishment of parasites and pathogens. Furthermore, we are beginning to develop a mechanistic understanding of many of these variables at specific sites. Better predictive understanding will emerge in the coming years from analyses regarding how these variables interact with each other.

Les recherches sur les conditions socioéconomiques des Autochtones sont dominées par la mise en parallèle de leur situation avec celle des Allochtones. L’autochtonité ou la résidence dans une collectivité des Premières Nations y sont implicitement mises de l’avant comme principaux facteurs explicatifs. La recherche présentée vise à circonscrire l’apport réel de ces deux facteurs en rendant manifeste la contribution d’autres facteurs pertinents. En utilisant les données censitaires de 2001, en réduisant la comparaison aux communautés voisines de celles des Premières Nations et en recourant aux analyses de régression, la recherche permet de montrer l’importance de l’environnement immédiat et de l’isolement géographique pour comprendre la situation des Premières Nations. Elle montre également l’importance de l’égalité des chances, en premier lieu l’accès à l’éducation, dans l’explication de l’accès à un emploi et à un revenu supérieur. Enfin, elle souligne l’ampleur du problème de surpeuplement des logements vécu dans certaines communautés., Research on Aboriginal people’s socioeconomic conditions has been dominated by comparisons of Aboriginals with non-Aboriginals. In these studies, aboriginality and residence in a First Nation community are implicitly put forward as main explanatory factors. This research attempts to assess the real contribution of these two factors by demonstrating the contribution of other relevant factors. Using 2001 census data, restricting the comparison to communities located nearby First Nations communities, and using regression analyses, the analysis underlines the importance of the immediate environment and of geographic isolation in explaining the living conditions of members of the First Nations. Furthermore, it shows the importance of equality of opportunities, mainly in access to education, in the explanation of access to employment and to a higher income. Finally, the research underlines the magnitude of the problem of overcrowded dwellings in some communities., Las investigaciones sobre las condiciones socioeconómicas de los autóctonos están dominadas por la comparación de su situación con la de los alógenos. Como principales factores explicativos de ello, se presenta la autoctonidad o la residencia en una colectividad de las Primeras Naciones. La investigación aquí presentada busca circunscribir el aporte real de estos dos factores, haciendo manifiesta la contribución de otros factores pertinentes. Utilizando los datos censales de 2001, y reduciendo la comparación a las comunidades vecinas de las Primeras Naciones, y recurriendo a los análisis de regresión, la investigación permite mostrar la importancia del entorno inmediato y del aislamiento geográfico para comprender la situación de las primeras naciones. Esta muestra igualmente la importancia de la igualdad de oportunidades, en primer lugar el acceso a la educación, para explicar el acceso a un empleo y a un ingreso superior. Por último, esta subraya la amplitud del problema de superpoblación de las viviendas que tienen lugar en ciertas comunidades.

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network ( Rede Amazônia Sustentável , RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.

Étudiant les options conjugales des descendants d’immigrés nés ou ayant grandi en France et dont les parents sont originaires du Maghreb, de Turquie et d’Afrique sahélienne, notre étude révèle qu’une partie d’entre eux se marie avec des immigrés, originaires des pays de leurs parents. Cet article tente de discerner les caractéristiques sociales et culturelles de ces couples endogames transnationaux par rapport aux autres options conjugales possibles. Les résultats présentés se fondent d’une part sur l’exploitation statistique de l’enquête Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE 2008) et, d’autre part, sur une série d’entretiens biographiques réalisés en 2007. L’option conjugale à l’étude semble attester une préférence pour un entre-soi communautaire, assurant une certaine continuité générationnelle et maintenant une conception statutaire des rôles de chacun. Tout se passe comme si ce qui ressemble à des préférences culturelles était la conséquence des conditions sociales de ces descendants d’immigrés, à savoir l’absence de diplôme, la précarité de l’emploi et un lieu d’habitation dans un quartier ségrégué., This study of marital choices of descendants of immigrants born or raised in France whose parents emigrated from North-Africa, Sahelian Africa or Turkey shows that a certain number of them marry immigrants from their parents’ home country. This article looks at the social and cultural characteristics of these transnational endogamous couples as compared to other marital choices. Results are drawn from both the statistical survey Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE 2008) and a series of biographical interviews conducted in 2007. Couples who choose this conjugal option seem to prefer a more communitarian way of being together, insuring generational continuity and maintaining traditional roles. Their choices suggest that these cultural preferences seem to be the consequence of their social conditions, e.g. lack of education, employment insecurity, and residence in segregated neighbourhoods.

Background Women in deprived socioeconomic situations run a high pain risk. Although number of pain sites (NPS) is considered highly relevant in pain assessment, little is known regarding the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and NPS. Methods The study population comprised 653 women; 160 recurrence-free long-term gynecological cancer survivors, and 493 women selected at random from the general population. Demographic characteristics and co-morbidity over the past 12 months were assessed. Socioeconomic conditions were measured by Socioeconomic Condition Index (SCI), comprising education, employment status, income, ability to pay bills, self-perceived health, and satisfaction with number of close friends. Main outcome measure NPS was recorded using a body outline diagram indicating where the respondents had experienced pain during the past week. Chi-square test and forward stepwise logistic regression were applied. Results and Conclusion There were only minor differences in SCI scores between women with 0, 1-2 or 3 NPS. Four or more NPS was associated with younger age, higher BMI and low SCI. After adjustment for age, BMI and co-morbidity, we found a strong association between low SCI scores and four or more NPS, indicating that there is a threshold in the NPS count for when socioeconomic determinants are associated to NPS in women.