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A comprehensive approach, combining theoretical analysis and direct numerical simulation, is employed in this study to investigate the influence of temperature gradient on the stability phenomenon of the stator boundary layer in a rotor-stator cavity. In contrast to previous studies, a temperature term is introduced to account for centrifugal buoyancy within the cavity. The focus is on analyzing the transitional behavior and the effects of centrifugal buoyancy on the boundary layers of the stationary disk under operating conditions characterized by a Reynolds number of Re=2.5×104. The investigation reveals that this temperature gradient significantly affects the base flow and alters the instability governing the boundary-layer transition on the stationary disk. Specifically, the centrifugal buoyancy induced by the higher temperature on the stationary side weakens the spiral mode perturbations without inducing changes in the azimuthal wavenumber of the spiral mode. However, when the centrifugal buoyancy effect exceeds a certain threshold, it directly suppresses the generation of the spiral mode and induces the formation of low-radius circular waves, thereby promoting a more stable boundary layer. This research emphasizes the importance of considering temperature variations in the rotor-stator cavity for improved control of stability within the boundary-layer flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It was reported that individual heterogeneity among malignancies (IHAM) might correlate well to the prognosis of lung cancer; however, seldom radiomic study is on this field. Standard deviation (SD) in statistics could scale average amount of variability of a variable; therefore, we used SD of CT feature (FeatureSD) among primary tumor and malignant lymph nodes (LNs) in an individual to represent IHAM, and its prognostic ability was explored. Methods: The enrolled patients who had accepted PET/CT scans were selected from our previous study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03648151). The patients had primary tumor and at least one LN, and standardized uptake value of LN higher than 2.0 and 2.5 were enrolled as the cohort 1 (n = 94) and 2 (n = 88), respectively. FeatureSD from the combined or thin-section CT were calculated among primary tumor and malignant LNs in each patient, and were separately selected by the survival XGBoost method. Finally, their prognostic ability was compared to the significant patient characteristics identified by the Cox regression. Results: In the univariate and multi-variate Cox analysis, surgery, target therapy, and TNM stage were significantly against OS in the both cohorts. In the survival XGBoost analysis of the thin-section CT dataset, none FeatureSD could be repeatably ranked on the top list of the both cohorts. For the combined CT dataset, only one FeatureSD ranked in the top three of both cohorts, but the three significant factors in the Cox regression were not even on the list. Both in the cohort 1 and 2, C-index of the model composed of the three factors could be improved by integrating the continuous FeatureSD; furthermore, that of each factor was obviously lower than FeatureSD. Conclusion: Standard deviation of CT features among malignant foci within an individual was a powerful prognostic factor in vivo for lung cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We found in previous study that metformin could treat sepsis myocarditis in a mouse model. We employed the zebrafish model organism to investigate the effect of metformin on sepsis myocarditis. Methods and Results: Wild-type zebrafish was used to establish a sepsis myocarditis model and combined with image software analysis and cytokine detection, the protective dose of metformin was determined. The results showed that immersion with Escherichia coli could cause 75% mortality in zebrafish and make larvae appear as characteristics of severe sepsis myocarditis. Pretreatment with 10 mM metformin for 3 hours could effectively reduce heart congestion and swelling in zebrafish with sepsis myocarditis and increased the heart rate. It could reduce the mortality and prolong the survival time of zebrafish with sepsis myocarditis; Tg(mpx: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish were adopted to explore the number of neutrophils in zebrafish heart before and after metformin protection, and metformin could maintain the number of neutrophils in zebrafish heart; quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction showed that metformin could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and could promote the anti-inflammatory factor, transforming growth factor-β and IL-10 expression. Conclusion: We established a zebrafish sepsis myocarditis model and applied metformin in advance to provide a protective effect on the zebrafish heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A process-based catchment model with a delicate soil P module was attempted to estimate P export and land retention. • P released from diffuse source and historical legacy may offset efforts brought by the point source controls. • Rapid climate change in the watershed could further deplete the terrestrial P retention capacities. • A long-term perspective of P control strategy should be targeted at the reductions of historical P legacy inputs. A quantitative understanding of riverine phosphorus (P) export in response to shifts in anthropogenic inputs, terrestrial retention, and climate is important for developing mitigation measures at a watershed scale. In this study, we simulated a decadal change in the riverine P export in a human-dominated watershed from a cold climatic region located in Northeast Asia. A process-based catchment model nested within a delicate land P module was applied to simulate the dynamics of P retentions and its exports in the watershed. We found that the terrestrial P retention capacities declined for 2008–2017, and the decline rates would accelerate under three representative concentration pathways (i.e. RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The P released from the diffused source and historical legacy could partly offset the effort through point-source P reduction by the improved wastewater treatments. Climate changes (e.g., duration and frequency of extreme rainfall event) could accelerate P deliveries from the P legacy retained in soils. We suggest that a long-term watershed P management strategy should be targeted to reduce historical P legacy input into river rather than solely focusing on the short-term changes in the riverine P concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of Naochuxue prescription (,NCXP) in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with collagenase to generate ICH models, which were then randomly divided into six groups, including control, sham, model, and three intervention groups. The intervention groups received different doses of NCXP (0.13, 0.26, and 0.52 g/kg) daily for 10 d. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the chemical characteristics of NCXP. The neurobehavioral outcomes of the rats were evaluated using neurological deficit scores (Zea Longa 5) and the corner turn test. Pathomorphological changes in perihematomal tissues after ICH were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the inflammation expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3), and sequestosome 1 (p62) were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in perihematomal tissues., Results: HPLC showed that the NCXP had good stability. Rats with ICH had severe neurological function deficits compared to the control group. IHC results showed that NCXP significantly downregulated the expression of the inflammatory proteins IL-6 and TLR4. ICH rats treated with NCXP showed less neurological injury than the model group, accompanied by a significantly decreased expression of HMGB1, Beclin1, and LC3 and an increased expression of p62., Conclusions: The neuroprotective effect of NCXP alleviated inflammation and autophagy possibly by downregulating HMGB1 expression. However, further research on the signaling pathways is required to verify this hypothesis.