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In this study, the use of flexographic printing was investigated for low cost, high volume production of devices incorporating nanowires through the printing of zinc acetate precursors on a substrate used to form zinc oxide (ZnO) seeds for the growth of nanowires using a hydrothermal growth technique. The printing of precursors allows the selective area growth of ZnO nanowires, which has implications in high-yield production of devices incorporating ZnO nanowires. The work presented here achieved printed line widths of

Four novel asymmetrical diarylethenes with a pyrrole and a variable aryl unit have been synthesized. Their crystal structures and photochromic performance were systematically studied to elucidate the effects of the aromatic stabilization energy (ASE) of aryl units. Experimental results showed that their thermal stability as well as cyclization quantum yield, photoconversion ratio, fluorescence modulation efficiency, and fatigue resistance exhibited a strong correlation with ASE.

Purpose Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is rare. The aim of this study is to understand the clinicopathological features and identify the possible prognostic factors in colorectal SRCC. Methods Patients with SRCC who underwent primary lesion resection at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from September 2008 to July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient’s gender, age, tumor location, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, synchronous distant metastasis, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and E-cadherin expression were studied with prognosis, and the correlation between E-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. All clinicopathological and molecular factors were put into multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model for detecting independent prognostic factors. Results 59 patients accounting for 0.89% of total colorectal cancer patients met the criteria and were enrolled in the study. The median survival time is 28.9 months, and the 3-year survival rate is 62.7%. SRCC were seen more common in young male patients. Advanced stage was more common in SRCC, 58 (98.3%) patients had T3/T4 lesions, 52 (88.1%) patients had lymph node metastasis, and 14 (23.7%) patients had distant metastasis. Distant metastases were seen more common in peritoneal cavity. Distant metastasis (HR = 4.194, 95% CI: 1.297–13.567), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.888, 95% CI: 1.115–7.483), and E-cadherin expression (HR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.096–0.768) were independent predictors for survival. Conclusions SRCC is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. Distant metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and E-cadherin expression can predict prognosis of colorectal SRCCs independently. More precise therapy and more close surveillance are needed for these patients.

The monolithic integration of red, green and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) directly on a single chip is critically important for smart lighting and full-color display applications. The resulting color-tunable LEDs can exhibit excellent color rendering capability, high efficiency, and low power consumption, compared to conventional phosphor-based white LEDs. In this context, we have investigated the molecular beam epitaxial growth, fabrication and characterization of InGaN nanowire RGB LEDs monolithically integrated on a single chip, including Si and sapphire substrate. We have achieved controllable and tunable full-color light generation from InGaN LEDs. The correlated color temperature can be continuously varied in the range of 1900 K to 6800 K, while maintaining excellent color rendering index capability (CRI > 90). In this work, RGB InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire LED arrays were grown on Si using a three-step selective area growth (SAG) technique, wherein blue, green, and red-emitting LEDs were grown in sequence. In this process, a SiOx mask layer was used to protect the previously grown devices and also to precisely define the growth position of each nanowire LED pixel. Tunable PL emission across the entire visible spectral range (~450 nm to 700 nm) can be readily achieved on a single Si wafer by varying the sizes and/or compositions of the dots. By separately biasing such lateral-arranged multi-color LED subpixels, the CCT value can be varied from ~1900 K to 6800 K, while maintaining relatively high CRI values (up to ~ 90, or higher). We have further investigated the molecular epitaxial growth and fabrication of multi-color nanowire LED arrays on GaN template on sapphire substrate. In this process, a thin (~ 10 nm) Ti layer was utilized as the mask, and nanoscale growth patterns were defined by e-beam lithography. By controlling the nanowire diameters, multi-color emission can be achieved in a single epitaxial growth step. We have also demonstrated multi-color nanowire LEDs on sapphire substrate that can exhibit excellent current-voltage characteristics, high power operation, and reduced efficiency droop. In summary, we have developed tunable, full-color InGaN nanowire LED arrays on Si and sapphire substrate by using special selective area growth techniques. Through controlled light mixing at the wafer-level, we have demonstrated color-tunable light emission with an unprecedented tuning range for the CCT, from 1900 K to 6800K, while maintaining excellent CRI values. The realization of electrically injected RGB InGaN nanowire lasers is being studied and will also be reported.

Wild birds are considered to be the natural reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIV). During active influenza surveillance in Poyang Lake of southeast China, we isolated and characterized eleven H9N2 viruses from two species of wild ducks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the eleven isolates were almost identical with 99.3% to 100% nucleotide homology in their entire genome, and they all closely related in whole eight genes (95.6-99.4% homology) to human H9N2 isolates (HK/33982/2009) and clustered in the same sublineage. The isolates belonged to triple reassortant H9N2 genotype viruses containing Ck/Bei-like NA genes, Y439-like PA genes and six other G1-like genes. We also found that the subtype of virus replicated efficiently in the lungs and tracheas of BALB/c mice and caused mortality in 20-40% of infected groups after 3-6 days, which indicates that the subtype of virus is capable of establishing lethal mammalian infections. However, whether or not the virus has features transmittable from wild ducks to humans is not known. This study showed that the subtype of virus was detected for the first time in wild birds, and also suggested that wild birds may carry the virus for a long time and spread it over long distances along migratory routes, so more attention should be paid to the continued surveillance of wild birds.

Combining the unsurpassed performance of GaAs based multi-junction technologies with a conventional cheap roll to roll processing standards of thin film industry could lead to paradigm-shifting reduction of the cost of solar electricity and increase of specific efficiencies. We show growth of single crystalline GaAs using MBE directly on CeO 2 buffer in flexible samples. HRXRD confirms presence of dislocations in GaAs which is directly deposited using MBE on oxide buffer to be comparable to that present in GaAs on Ge intermediate buffer in flexible samples despite of lattice mismatch issues. GaAs solar cell on CeO 2 terminated buffer shows shunted diode characteristics while GaAs solar cell on Ge terminated buffer is shorted.

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-[(2-methyl-5-(4-aldehydephenyl)-3-thienyl)]-2-(5-cyano-1, 5-dimethyl-4-pyrryl) perfluorocyclopentene (1o), was synthesized and its photochromic behavior, kinetics properties optical storage properties were investigated in detail both in solution and PMMA amorphous film. The results showed that this compound had good thermal stability and exhibited pronounced reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to mediumpurple in solution whereas to mediumslateblue in PMMA amorphous film after irradiation with 297 nm UV light, which may be attributed to giving a bathochromic shift in PMMA amorphous film. The colorless open form with fluorescence character could be regenerated by irradiation with visible light. The cyano group and its substituted position can availably modulate the optical and electrochemical behaviours of these diarylethene derivatives. In addition, polarization optical recording using this diarylethene as recording medium was performed successfully.

A new photochromic diarylethene compound [1-(2-methyl-1-naphthyl), 2-(2-methyl-5-1,3-dioxolane-3-thienyl)]perfluorocyclopentene 1o was synthesized and its photochromic properties, kinetic properties and fluorescence switch were investigated in detail. Upon irradiated UV light it changes from colorless to orange and red in solution and PMMA amorphous film, respectively. The kinetic experiment suggested that the cyclization/cycloreversion process belong to zeroth and first order reactions, respectively. Finally, the diarylethene 1o was exhibited remarkable fluorescence switch properties along with the cyclization reactions.

A new photochromic diarylethene compound [1-(2-methyl-1-naphthyl), 2-(2-methyl-5-(2-1,3-dioxolanephenyl)-3- thienyl)]perfluorocyclopentene 1o, and its photochromic properties, fluorescence switch and kinetic properties were investigated in detail. Diarylethene 1o changed the color from colorless to red when irraditated with 297 nm UV light, which the absorption maxima were observed at 503 nm in hexane solution. This new photochromic system also showed remarkable fluorescence switching in the solid state. Finally, using this diarylethene as recording medium, polarization optical recording was carried out successfully.

A new photochromic diarylethene bearing thiophene and pyrrole unit 1-(2-cyano-1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrrole)-2-(2-butyl-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (1o), was synthesized and its photochromic, kinetic and fluorescence properties were investigated in detail. This compound exhibited good photochromism, changing the color from colorless to blue upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light. The kinetic experiments suggested that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of the compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction in hexane, and the fluorescence intensity decreased along with the photochromism. Finally, using diarylethene 1c as recording medium, polarization optical recording was carried out successfully.

Single-crystalline-like germanium films have been demonstrated on flexible metal substrates. Using MgO templates made by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), germanium films with grain-to-grain misorientation as small as 1° have been demonstrated. The out-of-plane texture of the germanium film has been found to be sensitive to the intermediate buffer layers used in the architecture. Germanium films are grown epitaxially on CeO 2 films which are deposited on the MgO templates without or with intermediate layers such as LaMnO 3 and SrTiO 3 . It is found that the strongest preferred (400) orientation of Ge is achieved with SrTiO 3 intermediate layer. Additionally, the highest hall mobility in the single-crystalline-like germanium has been achieved in architectures with SrTiO 3 intermediate layer. Hall mobility values of the germanium film are found to increase with film thickness and reach as high as 518 cm2/Vs. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of thick germanium films on IBAD templates show a high density of defects near the CeO 2 interface and a decrease in defect density in the mid and top part of the film.

A new asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[2-methyl-5-(3-methylphenyl)-3-thienyl]-2[2-methyl-benzofuran-3yl]perfluorocyelopentene (1a) was synthesized and its phtochromic, fluorescence, kinetics and optical recording properties were investigated in detail. This compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to violet after irradiation with 297 nm UV light both in solution and in PMMA film. In hexane, the kinetic experiments showed that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of the compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction, and the cyclization/cycloreversion quantum yields were 0.348 and 0.026, respectively. Finally, photo-mode rewritable optical storage using 1a was performed, the result demonstrate this diarylethene has promising application for data storage.

Highly Efficient Orange and White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on New Orange Iridium Complexes

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNAs at the posttranscription level. Here, we show that miR-16 is upregulated in human laryngeal carcinoma tissues. Inhibition of miR-16 in HEp-2 laryngeal cancer cell line could suppress cell migration and enhance cell–cell adhesion. Subsequently, zyxin, whose expression is negatively regulated by miR-16, is confirmed to be a direct target gene of miR-16. Furthermore, overexpression of zyxin could also restrain cell movement and enhance cell–cell adhesion. The study of miR-16 and its target zyxin will shed light on diagnosis and therapy of laryngeal cancer. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(2): 101–108, 2011

We have developed AlInGaN quaternary core-shell nanowire heterostructures on Si substrate, wherein an In-rich core and an Al-rich shell were spontaneously formed during the epitaxial growth process. By varying the growth conditions, the emission wavelengths can be tuned from ∼430 nm to ∼630 nm. Such core-shell structures can largely suppress nonradiative surface recombination, leading to a significant enhancement of carrier lifetime from ∼0.2 ns to ∼2 ns. The resulting nanowire light emitting diodes can exhibit an output power exceeding 30 mW for a ∼1 × 1 mm2 non-packaged device at a current density of 100 A/cm2.

We demonstrate controllable and tunable full color light generation through the monolithic integration of blue, green/yellow, and orange/red InGaN nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Such multi-color nanowire LED arrays are fabricated directly on Si substrate using a three-step selective area molecular beam epitaxy growth process. The lateral-arranged multi-color subpixels enable controlled light mixing at the chip-level and yield color-tunable light emission with CCT values in the range from 1900 K to 6800 K, while maintaining excellent color rendering capability. This work provides a viable approach for achieving micron and nanoscale tunable full-color LED arrays without the compromise between the device efficiency and light quality associated with conventional phosphor-based LEDs.

A thieno-[3,4-b]-pyrazine-based molecule, F-DTP, was designed and synthesized for application as a red emitter in non-doped organic light-emitting diodes. F-DTP was designed with thieno-[3,4-b]-pyrazine as the luminescent core and pentaphenylphenylene (i.e. polyphenyl) groups as side arms. The peripheral phenyls on the polyphenyl arms were replaced by pentafluorophenyl rings to lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level and thus enhance the electron-injecting feature of F-DTP. The photophysical, thermal, and electrochemical properties were investigated. F-DTP is characterized by a large Stokes shift of 113 nm. The bulky polyphenyl groups provide a site-isolating effect on the planar emissive core and thus effectively suppress unwanted intermolecular interactions. F-DTP was used as a non-doped emitter to fabricate an organic light-emitting diode by a vacuum evaporation technique. Red electroluminescence was obtained with a brightness of 1282 cd m–2 and a luminance efficiency of 0.7 cd A–1.

As an alternative to the introduction of flux pinning centers in RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO, RE = rare earth) films by the self-assembly process, we have explored prefabrication of metal nanorods on biaxially-textured templates on flexible substrates followed by REBCO film deposition. This approach provides an opportunity to control nanorod features such as size, shape, density, and orientation, which are difficult to achieve using self-assembly of nanoscale defects during in-situ growth. Successful growth of various metal nanorods such as Ni and Co on biaxially-textured substrates has been accomplished using high-energy ion bombardment of polycarbonate films for template formation followed by metal electrodeposition and polycarbonate removal. Ni nanorods of length up to 2 μm, diameter as small as 10-20 nm, variable orientation and density as high as 5 × 1010/cm2have been grown successfully on biaxially textured templates on flexible metal substrates. In order to provide a suitable interface between the metal nanorods and the subsequently deposited REBCO film, a strontium titanate (SrTiO3) film was deposited to the nanorods by solution spin coating, which was also (200) textured on the substrate surface.

A novel photochromic diarylethene with a salicylidene Schiff base substituent has been synthesized and characterized. The diarylethene could be used as a multi-addressable fluorescence switch when triggered by light, protons and metal ions. As a result, two logic circuits were constructed with the unimolecular platform by using the fluorescence intensity at different wavelengths as outputs and appropriate combinational stimuli of UV/Vis light, TEA/TFA, and Al(III)/EDTA as inputs. Moreover, the diarylethene derivative was found to be highly selective towards Al(III) with significant color and fluorescence changes for potential applications as colorimetric fluorescent chemosensors.

Three 2-aryl-benzothiazole chromophores were designed and synthesized for use as major cyclometalating ligands of iridium complexes, in which the aryl groups were N-phenyl-3-carbazolyl, 2-(9,9-dioctyl)fluorenyl and N-phenyl-2-carbazolyl. The homoleptic tris-cyclometalated and heteroleptic bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes, 1–5, were synthesized using these ligands. By adjusting the chemical structures and then the electronic state of these complexes, we were able to continuously tune the phosphorescence from yellow to saturated red with peak wavelengths in the order of 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5. The quantum chemical calculations and the electrochemical data clearly demonstrate the origin of the phosphorescence color tuning. The organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing these iridium complexes as doped emitters exhibited yellow to red electrophosphorescence with excellent performance. Particularly, the complex 1 based device produced high efficiencies of 75.9 cd A−1, 48.2 lm W−1, and 23.0% with CIE (0.46, 0.53), which represent the highest efficiencies for yellow OLEDs up to now. Furthermore, 1 was used to fabricate two-element white OLEDs in combination with a blue phosphor and high efficiencies of 57.9 cd A−1 and 21.9% were achieved, which are among the best efficiencies for two-emitting-component white OLEDs reported so far.

A group of novel zinc complexes containing 2-hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole (BTZ) ligands were designed and synthesized, in which different substituents (OCH3, CH3, F, CF3, COOCH2CH3) were attached at the 6-position of the benzothiazole ring in the BTZ ligands. Both photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) behaviors of these zinc complexes were investigated. The emission colors of these zinc complexes were readily tuned from bluish-green to yellow by simply varying the substituent, with strong electron-withdrawing substituents being favorable for longer-wavelength fluorescence. Efficient EL was obtained when these zinc complexes were used as non-doped emitting layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, these zinc complexes were proved to be capable of acting as triplet hosts for iridium phosphor in red phosphorescent OLEDs. A high external quantum efficiency of 17.5% was realized for the red phosphorescent OLED with the present zinc complexes as hosts and tris(2-phenylisoquinoline)iridium as doped emitter, which is greatly enhanced compared to that (12.6%) of the device with the traditional 4,4′-bis(N-carbazoly)biphenyl (CBP) as host. The present study successfully exploited novel zinc complexes as electron-transporting host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs.

A series of bis(2-phenylbenzothiozolato-N,C(2'))iridium(acetylacetonate) [(bt)(2)Ir(acac)] derivatives, 1-4, were synthesized. Different substituents (CF(3), F, CH(3), OCH(3)) were introduced in the benzothiazole ring to study the substituent effect on the photophysical, electrochemical properties and electroluminescent performance of the complexes, and finally to select high-performance phosphors for use in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All complexes 1-4 and (bt)(2)Ir(acac) are orange-emitting with tiny spectral difference, despite the variation of the substituent. However, the phosphorescent quantum yield increases with the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent. This is in contrast to the previous observation that the substituent in the phenyl ring bonded to the metal center of (bt)(2)Ir(acac) not only affected the luminescent quantum efficiency but also greatly tuned the emission color of the complexes. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the substituents in this position do not make a significant contribution to both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), which probably accounts for the fact that they do no strongly influence the bandgap and emission color of the complexes. Orange OLEDs were fabricated using 1-4 as doped emitters. The electron-withdrawing CF(3) and F groups favor improving the electroluminescence efficiency in comparison with that of the parent (bt)(2)Ir(acac), while electron-donating CH(3) and OCH(3) are not favorable for light emission. The complex 1 based OLED exhibited a maximum luminance efficiency of 54.1 cd A(-1) (a power efficiency of 24 lm W(-1) and an external quantum efficiency of 20%), which are among the best results ever reported for vacuum deposited orange OLEDs so far.

Four new cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing 2-aryl-5-diphenylphosphorylpyridine ligands, in which the aryl was difluorophenyl (Ir-1), phenyl (Ir-2), 4-(diphenylamino)phenyl (Ir-3) and 2-naphthyl (Ir-4), have been synthesized for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The incorporation of diphenylphosphoryl on the pyridine causes a decrease of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for the iridium complexes and the universal bathochromic shift by as much as 50 nm in their phosphorescence. In particular, the presence of the diphenylphosphoryl group on the 2-difluorophenylpyridine ligand of iridium(III)bis(4,6-(difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′)picolinate (FIrpic) redistributed the LUMO from the ancillary ligand entirely to the cyclometalating ligand. These complexes were used as doped emitters to fabricate OLEDs. The bluish-green device based on Ir-1 exhibited a maximum luminance efficiency of 43.6 cd A−1 (22.8 lm W−1, 9.5%). Highly efficient yellow devices were obtained with 51.6 cd A−1 (27 lm W−1, 14.5%) and 29.6 cd A−1 (15.5 lm W−1, 8.8%) for Ir-2 and Ir-3, respectively. The maximum luminance efficiency of 27.2 cd A−1 (15.5 lm W−1, 9.7%) was achieved for the orange-red device containing Ir-4. Furthermore, a two-emitting-component white OLED was fabricated with Ir-4 in combination with the traditional sky-blue FIrpic and a high efficiency of 23.9 cd A−1 (13.9 lm W−1, 5.4%) with CIE (0.29, 0.43) was realized.

A novel photochromic diarylethene was synthesized and its photochromic, fluorescence and kinetics properties were investigated detail. This compound exhibited remakable photochromism, changing from colorless to blue after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA amorphous film. In hexane, the kinetic experiments showed that the cyclization /cycloreversion process of the compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction, respectively. Finally, The results demonstrated that the diarylethene compound had attractive properties for high density optical storage.

Homoleptic tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives as ligands have been successfully synthesized and characterized for the first time. Electron-donating (CH3, OCH3) and -withdrawing groups (F) were introduced into the 6-position of the benzothiazole moiety in the ligands to verify their influence on the optical and electronic properties of the complexes. Organic light-emitting diodes using these iridium complexes as doped emitters exhibited orange electrophosphorescence with excellent performances. An extremely high brightness of 95 800 cd m−2 and a maximum luminance efficiency of 87.9 cd A−1 (46.0 lm W−1) were achieved for the pristine complex without any substituent in the ligand. These performances represent a significant improvement for vacuum-deposited orange OLEDs and the new record of the efficiencies for orange OLEDs reported so far. The substituents in the ligand were observed to be rather unimportant to influence the performance of this series of iridium complexes.

Novel fluorene based deep-blue-emitting molecules with naphthylanthracene endcaps, namely 2,7-di(10-naphthylanthracene-9-yl)-9,9-dioctylfluorene (NAF1) and 7,7′-di(10-naphthylanthracene-9-yl)-9,9,9′,9′-tetraoctyl-2,2′-bifluorene (NAF2), are synthesized by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These materials exhibit excellent thermal and amorphous stabilities, and high fluorescence quantum yield of over 70%. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) using NAF1 or NAF2 as non-doped emitter exhibit bright deep blue electroluminescence with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.13) for NAF1, (0.16, 0.13) for NAF2. A maximum power efficiency of 2.2 lm W−1 (4.04 cd A−1, 4.04%) is achieved for NAF1, which is among the highest values ever reported for deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs. A further improved coordinates of (0.15, 0.09) with efficiencies of 3.56 cd A−1 and 2.10 lm W−1 are achieved for NAF1 upon tuning device thickness, which are also among the best data for non-doped deep blue fluorescent OLEDs with a CIE coordinate of y < 0.1. NAF1 serves as excellent host emitter when doped with an orange fluorophore (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran, DCJTB). Upon careful tuning the doping level, the two-emitting-component (NAF1 : DCJTB) OLED realizes efficient white light emission with a power efficiency of 3.01 lm W−1 (7.66 cd A−1), a brightness of 12090 cd m−2, and a standard white light coordinates of (0.33, 0.33). This performance is among the best results ever reported for two-emitting-component white OLEDs based on fluorescent materials.

A new dendrimer using pyrene as core and carbazole derivative as dendron has been successfully prepared via Suzuki coupling reaction. Its chemical structure was confirmed through (1)H NMR, elemental analysis and MALDI-TOF MS methods. The dendrimer synthesized possessed excellent thermal stability with initial decomposition temperature over 470 °C and high fluorescence quantum yield of 86%. The luminescence spectra showed that, relative to the solution sample, the emission peaks of the solid dendrimer film were apparently broadened and red-shifted, indicating the strong π-π stacking effect between the pyrene moieties. By doping 1.5% of the dendrimer in 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB), a light-emitting diode device was fabricated in the ITO/NPB/NPB:dendrimer (1.5%)/TPBI/Mg:Ag configuration, which emitted a white color with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE(x,y)) coordinates of (0.29, 0.34) and a maximum brightness of 1300 cd m(-2), exhibiting promising potential in white light-emitting diode application.

We present a python based parameter inference system for the gravitational wave (GW) measured in the millihertz band. This system includes the following features: the GW waveform originated from the massive black hole binaries (MBHB), the stationary instrumental gaussian noise, the higher-order harmonic modes, the full response function from the time delay interferometry (TDI) and the gaussian likelihood function with the dynamic nested parameter sampler. In particular, we highlight the role of higher-order modes. By including these modes, the luminosity distance estimation precision can be improved roughly by a factor of 50, compared with the case with only the leading order ($\ell=2,|m|=2$) mode. This is due to the response function of different harmonic modes on the inclination angle are different. Hence, it can help to break the distance-inclination degeneracy. Furthermore, we show the robustness of testing general relativity (GR) by using the higher-order harmonics. Our results show that the GW from MBHB can simultaneously constrain four of the higher harmonic amplitudes (deviation from GR) with a precision of $c_{21}=0.54^{+0.61}_{-0.82}$, $c_{32}=-0.65^{+0.22}_{-0.08}$, $c_{33}=0.56^{+0.60}_{-0.76}$ and $c_{44}=1.57^{+2.34}_{-1.90}$, respectively., 9 pages, 7 figures