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Good-performing sodium solid electrolytes (SSEs) are essential for constructing all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries operating at ambient temperature. Sulfide solid electrolyte, Na 3 SbS 4 (NBS), an excellent SSE with good chemical stability in humid air, can be synthesized with low-cost processing. However, Na 3 SbS 4 -based electrolytes with liquid-phase synthesis exhibit conductivities below milli-Siemens per centimeter. Thus, a series of halogen-doped samples formulated as Na 3- x SbS 4- x M x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3, M = Cl, Br, and I) were experimentally prepared in this study using the solid-state method to improve the battery performance. X-ray diffraction with refinement analysis and Raman spectroscopy were employed to understand deeply the connection between the crystal structure and conductivity of Na + ions. In addition, symmetric sodium batteries with Na 2.85 SbS 3.85 Br 0.15 were tested at room temperature, and pristine Na 3 SbS 4 was used as the control group. The result showed that the symmetric sodium battery assembled with the Na 2.85 SbS 3.85 Br 0.15 electrolyte can stably cycle for longer than 100 h at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 . This research provides a method to manufacture novel SSEs by elaborating the effect of halogen doping in NBS.

The fabrication of all electrolytes from noncombustible ceramic materials offers a superior option for providing safer and higher-capacity batteries to fulfill future energy needs. To achieve a competitive performance with combustible liquid electrolytes used in commercial Li-ion batteries, the creation of ceramic material compositions with a high electrical conductivity is necessary. Here, we report that co-doping with W and halogens results in a superconductivity of 13.78 mS cm -1 in a cubic-phase Na 3 SbS 4 glass ceramic electrolyte. After undergoing high-temperature heat treatments, the W ions in the electrolyte can facilitate the replacement of S atoms with halogens, introducing many Na vacancies. The samples also had a high degree of cycling stability. An excellent glass ceramic electrolyte for Na ion batteries will be constructed for Na 3 SbW 0.25 Cl 0.25 S 4 .

Fiber-based inorganic thermoelectric (TE) devices, owing to the small size, light-weight, flexibility, and high TE performance, are promising for applications in flexible thermoelectrics. Unfortunately, current inorganic TE fibers are strictly constrained by limited mechanical freedom because of the undesirable tensile strain, typically limited to a value of 1.5%, posing a strong obstacle for further application in large-scale wearable systems. Here, a superflexible Ag 2 Te 0.6 S 0.4 inorganic TE fiber is demonstrated that provides a record tensile strain of 21.2%, such that it enables various complex deformations. Importantly, the TE performance of the fiber shows high stability after ≈1000 cycles of bending and releasing processes with a small bending radius of 5 mm. This allows for the integration of the inorganic TE fiber into 3D wearable fabric, yielding a normalized power density of 0.4 µW m -1 K -2 under the temperature difference of 20 K, which is approaching the high-performance Bi 2 Te 3 -based inorganic TE fabric and is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the organic TE fabrics. These results highlight that the inorganic TE fiber with both superior shape-conformable ability and high TE performance may find potential applications in wearable electronics., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Chalcogenide glass has become one of the essential IR lens materials in passively athermalized long-wave IR devices. However, that there is no multispectral chalcogenide glass capable of large-size fabrication raises challenges to the development and popularization of multispectral imaging systems combining visible, near-IR, and mid-IR. In this work, we developed a novel chalcogenide glass capable of a record-big (Ø120 mm) fabrication through the compositional optimization of GeS 2 -Ga 2 S 3 -CsCl glass with introduction of Sb 2 S 3 . Its transmission window is characterized as ranging from 0.51 to 11.2 µm, which means it could be employed as a multispectral lens transmitting visible and IR signals in a co-aperture IR optical system. In addition, a method of three-stage thermal analysis is proposed to evaluate the glass-forming ability of chalcogenide glass through simulating the melt-quenching process of chalcogenide melt in a vacuum-sealed silica ampoule. This work not only shows an innovative multispectral chalcogenide glass with promising applications but also introduces a simple and convenient technique for screening chalcogenide glass with ultrahigh glass-forming ability capable of large-size fabrication.

Chalcogenide solid-state electrolytes (SEs) have been regarded as promising candidates for lithium dendrite suppression due to their high ionic conductivity, suitable mechanical strength, and large Li + ion transference number. However, the wide applications of SEs in pragmatic all-solid-state batteries are still retarded by their limited interface stability, which leads to lithium dendrite growth and formation of interphase with high resistance. In addition, the interphase evolution mechanism between SEs and metallic Li anodes remains unclear. Herein, this work demonstrates that the interfacial stability of Li 2 S-SiS 2 -P 2 S 5 SEs can be effectively enhanced by tuning the interphase through LiI incorporation. This strategy contributes to a high ionic conductivity of the SEs and electronic insulation interphase containing LiI. Thus, the 70(60Li 2 S-28SiS 2 -12P 2 S 5 )-30 LiI SEs prepared by melt-quenching exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 1.74 mS cm -1 at room temperature and a larger critical current density of 1.65 mA cm -2 at 65 °C. The cycling life of the symmetric Li|SEs|Li cell is up to 200 h without significant resistance growth at 0.1 mA cm -2 at room temperature. This enhanced interface stability is revealed to originate from the in situ-formed LiI within the interphase, which prevents continual SEs degradation and suppresses lithium dendrite growth. This work provides a vital understanding of interphase evolution, which is valuable for designing SEs with long cycling stability.

The nonlinear optical properties of emerging metal halide perovskites (MHP) materials are sufficiently intriguing that this topic has become the hotspots in the realm of material science. Hence, we investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of CsPbBrx/I 3-x (x = 1, 2, 3) MHP nano-crystals (NCs) embedded chalcogenide glass (ChG) within a GeS 2 -Sb 2 S 3 pseudo-binary system, by monitoring the composition, excitation wavelength and intensity dependencies via femtosecond Z-scan technique. We have found that the intrinsic large optical nonlinearity of ChG can be further enhanced because of the incorporation of MHP NCs, and that the optical nonlinearity of MHP-ChG containing pristine Br NCs is more pronounced compared to its counterparts with mixed Br/I NCs, due to a combination of multiple factors.

This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.45, 4984 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.402229.

Encapsulation of halide perovskites into a transparent solid medium is important for increasing their stability and rendering the exploration of new optoelectronic applications. Here, we describe a glassy flux protocol to confine lead-free cesium tin halide (CsSnX 3 ) perovskite nanocrystals into a transparent chalcogenide glassy matrix by capitalizing on judiciously designed germanium-antimony-sulfur chalcogenide flux as a solvent to dissolve and recrystallize the target crystal phases. We show that CsSnX 3 nanocrystals can be obtained in the form of a spherical shape, single crystalline, and with an arbitrary halide ratio through the use of cesium halide and tin(II) halide at precisely defined concentrations. The grain size and size distribution of CsSnX 3 nanocrystals are rationally tuned by Ostwald-ripening-controlled crystallization of CsSnX 3 supersaturated metastable glasses. The present work suggests that the traditional flux technique could be adopted inversely for materials discovery of new nanocomposites through a simple protocol of the dissolution of target nanocrystals into an inert transparent glassy flux.

In the present paper, we studied the structural evolution of the glass matrix and formation of crystalline fluoride phases for 15KF-15ZnF 2 -70SiO 2 (glass A) and 25KF-25ZnF 2 -50SiO 2 (glass B) glasses upon thermal treatment employing transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid-state NMR. The first step marks a phase separation into an SiO 2 rich phase and a phase enriched with Zn, K, and fluoride. As shown by XRD, depending on the nominal compositions, K 2 SiF 6 (for 15KF-15ZnF 2 -70SiO 2 ) and KZnF 3 (for 25KF-25ZnF 2 -50SiO 2 ) are found as the first crystalline phases being formed. Upon longer heat treatment, ZnF 2 is additionally formed in both cases. Surprisingly, a significant amount of SiF 6 2- units is detected employing 29 Si-MAS and 29 Si{ 19 F}CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy even in the base glass, which is completely amorphous according to the X-ray results. The vast majority of Si, however, is found in an exclusive SiO 4 environment as Q 4 , Q 3 , or Q 2 units. The large fraction of nonbridging oxygens per SiO 4 tetrahedron (ca. 0.7 for glass A and 0.65 for glass B) indicates quite large fluorine loss during glass synthesis (approx. 60-80%). Employing dipolar NMR techniques, i.e., 29 Si-{ 19 F}-REDOR (rotational echo double resonance) and 29 Si{ 19 F}CPMAS-NMR (cross polarization magic angle spinning), the presence of Si-F connectivity (in excess of the identified SiF 6 2- units) could be ruled out. The observed differences in the 29 Si- 19 F heteronuclear dipole couplings between the Si-Q 4 and Si Q 3 units-as determined by REDOR NMR-are compatible with the assumption of a core-shell structure with a mixed cation fluoride as the core and an SiO 2 -enriched shell.

Novel glasses in a Ga 2 S 3 -Sb 2 S 3 -AgI system were prepared with a melt-quenching method, and their glass-forming region was identified. The maximum dissolvable AgI in glasses was 65 mol%. The thermal, optical, and structural properties of glasses were investigated as a function of AgI and Ga 2 S 3 contents. The Ga 2 S 3 -Sb 2 S 3 -AgI glasses possess a wide region of transmission window (0.65-14 μm). An ionic conductivity of approximately 1.01 × 10 -3 S/cm can be obtained for a 40 (0.8Sb 2 S 3 -0.2Ga 2 S 3 )-60AgI glass at an ambient temperature, and the ionic conductivity increased as temperature increased. The relative activation energy of Ag + conduction was also calculated. These novel glasses show potential for the combined application of infrared optics and solid electrolytes.

Chalcogenide glasses as kind of diamagnetic magneto-optical materials have promising applications in the field of integrated optics and optical communication systems due to their excellent properties, such as easy to be processed into waveguide and temperature independence of the Verdet constants. For clarifying the influence factors following the compositional variation on Faraday effect and finding a glass with a large Verdet constant, novel pseudo-ternary chalcogenide glass system, GeS 2 - In 2 S 3 - PbI 2 , was prepared and investigated. The composition, wavelength and temperature dependences on the Verdet constants were systematically investigated at the wavelengths of 635, 808, 980 and 1319 nm. PbI 2 was confirmed to have positive contribution to the Verdet constant and the Becquerel rule was proved to be an effective guidance for predicting the Verdet constant in chalcogenide glasses. The 60GeS 2 ·15In 2 S 3 ·25PbI 2 glass was found to possess the largest Verdet constant (V = 0.215 min·G -1 ·cm -1 , @808nm), which is great larger than that of commercial diamagnetic glasses. These glasses also possess good glass-forming ability and VIS-IR transmittance, therefore be a good candidate for next-generation integrated optical isolator and other magneto-optical devices.

CdSe quantum dots (QDs) doped glasses have been widely investigated for optical filters, LED color converter and other optical emitters. Unlike CdSe QDs in solution, it is difficult to passivate the surface defects of CdSe QDs in glass matrix, which strongly suppress its intrinsic emission. In this study, surface passivation of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) by Cd 1-x Zn x Se shell in silicate glass was reported. An increase in the Se/Cd ratio can lead to the partial passivation of the surface states and appearance of the intrinsic emission of CdSe QDs. Optimizing the heat-treatment condition promotes the incorporation of Zn into CdSe QDs and results in the quenching of the defect emission. Formation of CdSe/Cd 1-x Zn x Se core/graded shell QDs is evidenced by the experimental results of TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Realization of the surface passivation and intrinsic emission of II-VI QDs may facilitate the wide applications of QDs doped all inorganic amorphous materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Gallium-based Ga-Sb-S sulfide glasses was elaborated and studied. A relationship between the structure, composition, and optical properties of the glass has been established. The effects of the introduction of Ga on the structure using infrared and Raman spectroscopies and on the Er 3+ -doped IR emission have been discussed. The results show that incorporation of Ga induced the dissociation of [SbS 3 ] pyramids units and the formation of tetrahedral [GaS 4 ] units. The dissolved rare earth ions are separated around the Ga-S bonding and the infrared emission quenching are controlled. Moreover, continuous introduction of Er ions into the glass forms more Er-S bonds through the further aggregation surrounding the [GaS 4 ] units. In return, the infrared emission intensity decreased with excessive Er ion addition. This phenomenon is correlated with the recurrence concentration quenching effect induced by the increase of [GaS 4 ] units.

Chalcogenide glass has been considered as a promising host for the potential laser gain and amplifier media operating in near- and mid-IR spectral region. In this work, the IR luminescence spectra of rare earth ions (Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , and Dy 3+ ) doped 65GeS 2 -25In 2 S 3 -10CsI chalcogenide glasses were measured under the excitation of an 808 nm laser diode. To the best of our knowledge, it firstly provides the luminescence spectra of a full near- and mid-IR spectral range from 1 to 4 μm in rare earth ions doped chalcogenide glasses. The results of absorption spectra, luminescence spectra, and fluorescence decay curves were obtained in these samples with singly-, co- and triply-doping behaviors of Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , and Dy 3+ ions. In order to search possible efficient IR emissions, the luminescence behavior was investigated specifically with the variation of doping behaviors and dopant ions, especially in the samples co- and triply-doped active ions. The results suggest that favorable near- and mid-IR luminescence of rare earth ions can be further modified in chalcogenide glasses through an elaborated design of doping behavior and optically active ions.

Transparent glass ceramics have been prepared in the Ga(2)S(3)-GeS(2)-CsCl pseudoternary system using appropriate heat treatment time and temperature. In situ X-ray diffraction at the heat treatment temperature and (133)Cs and (71)Ga solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance have been performed in function of annealing time to understand the crystallization process. Both techniques have evidenced the nucleating agent role played by gallium with the formation of Ga(2)S(3) nanocrystals. On the other hand, cesium is incorporated very much later into the crystallites during the ceramization. Moreover, the addition of CsCl, which is readily integrated into the glassy network, permits us to shift the optical band gap toward shorter wavelength. Thus, new glass ceramics transmitting in the whole visible range up to 11.5 mum have been successfully synthesized from the (Ga(2)S(3))(35)-(GeS(2))(25)-CsCl(40) base glass composition.

IR-transparent beta-GeS(2) crystallized glasses were fabricated by crystallization of the glass with a stoichiometric composition corresponding to target crystal and only beta-GeS(2) crystallites were precipitated. A clear second-harmonic generation was observed in the crystallized glasses by the Maker fringe technique. The optical nonlinear susceptibility, chi((2)), of beta-GeS(2) crystallized glasses was found to be ~7.3 pm/V, being comparable to that created by thermal/electric or other poling methods, which opens a new way to an optical converter operating in the mid-IR spectral region.