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Multiple regression analyses were performed relating the severity of offense and probability of recidivism of 295 prison inmates to their performance on the MMPI and AGCT. The MMPI was found to be correlated with recidivism probability and the recidivism-related component of the Offense Severity variable, while AGCT IQ was found to be correlated with recidivism probability and the non-recidivism-related component of the Offense Severity variable. The implications for future research were discussed regarding this selective sensitivity of the MMPI to recidivism-related variables.

Because thallium-201 uptake relates directly to the amount of viable myocardium and nutrient blood flow, the potential for exercise scintigraphy to predict response to coronary revascularization surgery was investigated in 47 consecutive patients. All patients underwent thallium-201 scintigraphy and coronary angiography at a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 4.3 +/- 3.1 weeks before and 7.5 +/- 1.6 weeks after surgery. Thallium uptake and washout were computer-quantified and each of six segments was defined as normal, showing total or partial redistribution or a persistent defect. Persistent defects were further classified according to the percent reduction in regional thallium activity; PD25-50 denoted a 25 to 50% constant reduction in relative thallium activity and PD greater than 50 denoted a greater than 50% reduction. Of 82 segments with total redistribution before surgery, 76 (93%) showed normal thallium uptake and washout postoperatively, versus only 16 (73%) of 22 with partial redistribution (probability [p] = 0.01). Preoperative ventriculography revealed that 95% of the segments with total redistribution had preserved wall motion, versus only 74% of those with partial redistribution (p = 0.01). Of 42 persistent defects thought to represent myocardial scar before surgery, 19 (45%) demonstrated normal perfusion postoperatively. Of the persistent defects that showed improved thallium perfusion postoperatively, 75% had normal or hypokinetic wall motion before surgery, versus only 14% of those without improvement (p less than 0.001). Whereas 57% of the persistent defects that showed a 25 to 50% decrease in myocardial activity demonstrated normal thallium uptake and washout postoperatively, only 21% of the persistent defects with a decrease in myocardial activity greater than 50% demonstrated improved perfusion after surgery (p = 0.02). Thus, preoperative quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy appears useful in predicting response to revascularization surgery, and some persistent defects may revert to normal thallium uptake after surgery. Importantly, the preoperative distinction between viable and nonviable myocardium can be reasonably established by quantitating the amount of persistent reduction in thallium uptake and correlating this with preoperative wall motion.

Presentence evaluations conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists (clinicians) and correctional counselors (caseworkers) were subjected to multiple regression analyses in order to specify the relative contribution of inmate characteristics (offense severity and recidivism probability) and decision-maker response biases to sentencing recommendations. Although both groups of decision-makers showed a response bias effect for cases that were difficult to discriminate, the effect was generally larger for clinicians than for caseworkers. Response bias (lenient vs. punitive) was not associated with type of clinical judgment model (linear vs. configural) or predictability of recommendation, although it was associated with the degree of relative weighting of the two independent variables and, in the case of extremely punitive decision-makers, with the tendency to utilize only one evaluative dimension (offense severity) to the exclusion of the other. Furthermore, it was found that inmates who committed the most serious offenses were exposed selectively to those decision-makers most likely both to place exclusive emphasis on offense severity and to recommend relatively punitive case dispositions. The need for an accountability system designed to minimize the effects of the response biases of correctional decision-makers was discussed.

To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of increased lung thallium-201 uptake during submaximal exercise myocardial scintigraphy performed 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, 61 patients underwent submaximal exercise testing (target heart rate, 120 beats/min), multigated blood pool imaging at rest and coronary angiography before hospital discharge. Thallium lung uptake on the initial anterior projection image was graded qualitatively by comparing the intensity of thallium-201 activity in the lungs with that in the mediastinum. In 39 patients (64 percent), it was normal (equal to mediastinal activity) and in 22 (36 percent), it was increased (greater than mediastinal activity). Compared with patients with normal lung uptake, those with increased uptake had a greater prevalence of prior infarction (13 versus 36 percent, probability [p] less than 0.05), less global cardiac reserve as assessed by the four level New York Heart Association classification (p less than 0.05), more advanced Killip class in the coronary care unit (p less than 0.05), a higher Norris coronary prognostic index (2.6 +/- 1.9 versus 4.6 +/- 2.3 [mean +/- standard deviation], p less than 0.01), failure to achieve the target heart rate because of dyspnea, fatigue or angina (36 versus 86 percent, p less than 0.01), a greater prevalence of exercise-induced S-T segment depression (18 versus 45 percent, p less than 0.05), a greater number of anterior thallium-201 myocardial defects (p less than 0.05); a lower radionuclide ejection fraction at rest (50.4 +/- 6.1 versus 39.6 +/- 9.3 percent, p less than 0.01) and a greater number of asynergic left ventricular segments (p less than 0.05). Thus, the occurrence of increased lung thallium-201 uptake during submaximal exercise scintigraphy in the early postinfarction period is frequent and appears to be a marker of severe and functionally more important coronary artery disease associated with left ventricular dysfunction.

To investigate the possible clinical interaction between the platelet function regulator sulphinpyrazone (SP) and the oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol (AC), 22 in-patients of either sex were included in a single blind within-patient trial vs. placebo. After one week of stabilizing treatment with AC alone the patients were randomly allocated to two sequences (11 patients each), either SP + AC for weeks 2--3 followed by placebo + AC for weeks 4--5, or the reverse sequence, i.e. placebo + AC followed by SP + AC for the same periods. 17 patients completed the full five weeks. Four dropped out during SP treatment, all but one following some form of bleeding episode. One patient dropped out for the same reason during placebo. Apart from the bleeding episodes, no other undesirable effects were recorded. The daily dose of SP was always 800 mg. A statistically highly significant interaction (p less than 0.01) between SP and AC was found. The addition of SP to AC led to a drop in mean prothrombin time and rendered necessary a consequent reduction (of about 20%) in mean AC dosage. It is concluded that when initiating and withdrawing treatment with SP in a patient receiving AC, the prothrombin time should be checked daily for a few days to adapt (reduce) the dosage of AC to the change in prothrombin time induced by SP.

The MMPI profiles of 359 correctional officer applicant were cluster analyzed, which resulted in the identification of five relatively homogeneous subgroups. While MMPI performance was not related to later events in the correctional careers of the Ss, certain similarities were noted between the officer group and two samples of inmates previously studied in a comparable fashion. In this respect, although the officers manifested generally lower profile elevations than inmates, configural similarities were noted between the average inmate and the officer profiles, and partial overlap was seen between the profile types identified in the two groups. The implications of the findings for occupationally adaptive and maladaptive correctional officer behavior were discussed.

Preparole evaluations conducted by prison caseworkers were compared with board action and parole outcome on 421 cases heard by the California Adult Authority during 1968-1969. These two groups of decision-makers emphasized different considerations in performing their tasks, with board members focusing primarily on the seriousness of the most recent offense and caseworkers weighting recidivism-related variables. Furthermore, board decisions were unrelated to subsequent parole performance, and a weak relationship was seen between self-reported and actual utilization of offender case information by board members. The findings, discussed in terms of social role differences between caseworkers and board members, were intepreted as consistent with the need for guidelines which structure and limit the discretion of personnel making prison release recommendations and decisions.

Maprotiline (Ludiomil) is a dibenzo bicyclooctadiene pharmacologically related to the tricyclic antidepressants and stereochemically having a tetracyclic structure. A controlled, double-blind comparison of maprotiline and imipramine in a group of 71 female outpatients with primary depression is presented. Maprotiline was found to be at least as effective as imipramine and significantly better in depressive neurosis. It also showed a bipolar action, being effective in both agitation and retardation.

Accurate quantitation of the four lipid components in a vesicle formulation has been accomplished by selectively changing the high-performance liquid chromatographic mobile phase composition to arrive at an optimal separation requiring less than 10 min. A systematic approach to selection of the mobile phase conditions has minimized the number of experiments required to achieve the necessary separation. Relative standard deviations between one and four percent are obtained for the four lipid components. Accuracy, as measured by recovery experiments for spiked vesicle formulations, varies between one and two percent of target levels at the nominal lipid concentrations investigated.

α -l-Fucose- l - 14 C was synthesized in a radiochemical yield of 30 percent. The synthesis involved degradation of nonradioactive l'fuconic acid to 5-deoxy-l-lyxose and synthesis from this of α -l-fucose- l - l4 C by use of 14 C-labeled cyanide in the cyanohydrin reaction. The resulting epimeric, 14 C-labeled aldonic acids were separated as either the barium or the sodium salts. Both salts of l-fuconic acid crystallize more readily than the corresponding salts of the epimeric 6-deoxy-l-talonic acid. The preparation of barium l-fuconate by the electrolytic oxidation of l-fucose in the presence of barium carbonate and barium bromide is described.

The need for a cost-performance analysis of TWX-mediated versus mail-mediated ILL requests is presented. Three hypotheses are proposed: (1) Unit cost for TWX-mediated ILL requests is greater then for mail-mediated ILL requests; (2) Completion time is shorter for TWX-mediated ILL requests than for mail-mediated ILL requests; (3) An analytic model can be developed that can be used to generate administrative data concerning a TWX installation. The data presented support all three hypotheses. It is shown, also, that through the use of this model a library can arrive at a cost for service of TWX versus mail-mediated ILL.