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Introduction: Rezivertinib (BPI-7711) is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting both EGFR-sensitizing mutations and EGFR T790M mutation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rezivertinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC., Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent NSCLC with confirmed EGFR T790M mutation who progressed after first-/second-generation EGFR TKI therapy or primary EGFR T790M mutation were enrolled. Patients received rezivertinib at 180 mg orally once daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by blinded independent central review per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Secondary end points included disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. This study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03812809)., Results: A total of 226 patients were enrolled from July 5, 2019, to January 22, 2020. By the data cutoff date on January 24, 2022, the median duration of follow-up was 23.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.8-24.0). The ORR by blinded independent central review was 64.6% (95% CI: 58.0%-70.8%), and DCR was 89.8% (95% CI: 85.1%-93.4%). The median duration of response was 12.5 months (95% CI: 10.0-13.9), and median PFS was 12.2 months (95% CI: 9.6-13.9). The median overall survival was 23.9 months (95% CI: 20.0-not calculated [NC]). Among 91 (40.3%) patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, the median CNS PFS was 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.1-NC). In 29 patients with more than or equal to one brain target lesion at baseline, the CNS ORR and CNS DCR were 69.0% (95% CI: 49.2%-84.7%) and 100% (95% CI: 88.1%-100%), respectively. Time to progression of CNS was 16.5 months (95% CI: 9.7-NC). Of 226 patients, 188 (83.2%) had at least one treatment-related adverse event, whereas grade more than or equal to 3 occurred in 45 (19.9%) patients. No interstitial lung disease was reported., Conclusions: Rezivertinib was found to have promising efficacy and favorable safety profile for patients with locally advanced or metastatic/recurrent NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutation., (Copyright © 2022 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Savolitinib, a selective MET inhibitor, showed efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC), harbouring MET exon 14 skipping alteration ( MET ex14)., Objective: To analyse post hoc , the association between circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) biomarkers and clinical outcomes, including resistance, with savolitinib., Design: A multicentre, single-arm, open-label phase 2 study., Methods: All enrolled patients with baseline plasma samples were included. Outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by baseline MET ex14 and post-treatment clearance, coexisting gene alterations at baseline and disease progression., Results: Among 66 patients with baseline ctDNA sequencing, 46 (70%) had detectable MET ex14. Frequent coexisting baseline gene alterations included TP53 and POT1 mutations. Patients with detectable baseline MET ex14 exhibited worse PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-3.57; p  = 0.108] and OS (HR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.35-7.89; p  = 0.006) than those without, despite showing a numerically higher ORR. Among 24 patients with baseline detectable MET ex14 and evaluable postbaseline samples, 13 achieved MET ex14 clearance post-treatment. Median time to first clearance was 1.3 months (range, 0.7-1.5). MET ex14 post-treatment clearance was associated with better ORR (92.3%; 95% CI, 64.0-99.8 versus 36.4%; 95% CI, 10.9-69.2; p  = 0.0078), PFS (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.2-1.3; p  = 0.1225) and OS (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.1-1.0; p  = 0.0397) versus non-clearance. Among 22 patients with disease progression, 10 acquired pathway alterations (e.g. in RAS/RAF and PI3K/PTEN) alone or with secondary MET mutations (D1228H/N and Y1230C/H/S)., Conclusion: ctDNA biomarkers may allow for longitudinal monitoring of clinical outcomes with savolitinib in patients with MET ex14-positive PSC and other NSCLC subtypes. Specifically, undetectable baseline MET ex14 or post-treatment clearance may predict favourable clinical outcomes, while secondary MET mutations and other acquired gene alterations may explain resistance to savolitinib., Registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02897479) on 13 September 2016., Competing Interests: SL reports receiving research support from AstraZeneca, HUTCHMED, Bristol Myers Squibb, Hengrui Therapeutics, BeiGene, Roche and Hansoh; receiving speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Hansoh and Hengrui Therapeutics and being an advisor and consultant for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, HUTCHMED, Simcere, Zai Lab, GenomiCare, Yuhan Corporation, prIME Oncology, Menarini, InventisBio Co. Ltd and Roche. No disclosures were reported by the other authors., (© The Author(s), 2022.)

Introduction: Savolitinib has been found to have encouraging antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and other NSCLCs with MET exon 14 skipping alterations ( MET ex14 positive) at the primary analysis of a phase 2 study. Here, we present the long-term efficacy and safety data of savolitinib, including subgroup analyses., Methods: This multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study in the People's Republic of China enrolled MET inhibitor-naive adults with locally advanced or metastatic MET ex14-positive NSCLC (NCT02897479). Oral savolitinib at a dose of 400 or 600 mg was administered once daily (body weight dependent). The primary objectives of the final analysis were long-term overall survival (OS) and subgroup analyses by previous systemic treatment, NSCLC subtypes, and brain metastases., Results: At the final analysis cutoff date (June 28, 2021), a total of 70 patients were enrolled and receiving savolitinib, and median follow-up was 28.4 (interquartile range: 26.2-36.3) months. The median OS was 12.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.5-21.4 [18- and 24-mo OS rates, 42.1% and 31.5%, respectively]). Median OS in pretreated or treatment-naive patients was 19.4 (95% CI: 10.5-31.3) and 10.9 (95% CI: 7.5-14.0) months, respectively; it was 10.6 months (95% CI: 4.6-14.0) in patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, 17.3 months (95% CI: 10.6-23.6) in other NSCLC subtypes, and 17.7 months (95% CI: 10.5-not evaluable) in patients with brain metastases. No new safety signals emerged with prolonged follow-up and exposure., Conclusions: The updated results further confirm the favorable benefit and acceptable safety of savolitinib in Chinese patients with MET ex14-positive NSCLC., (© 2022 The Authors.)

HIV-1 CRF07_BC is one of the most common circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in China and is becoming increasingly prevalent especially in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). The reason why this strain expanded so quickly in China remains to be defined. We previously observed that individuals infected with HIV-1 CRF07_BC showed slower disease progression than those infected with HIV-1 subtype B or CRF01_AE. CRF07_BC viruses carry two unique mutations in the p6Gag protein: insertion of PTAPPE sequences downstream of the original Tsg101 binding domain, and deletion of a seven-amino-acid sequence (30PIDKELY36) that partially overlaps with the Alix binding domain. In this study, we confirmed the enhanced transmission capability of CRF07_BC over HIV-1 subtype B or CRF01_AE by constructing HIV-1 transmission networks to quantitatively evaluate the growth rate of transmission clusters of different HIV-1 genotypes. We further determined lower virus infectivity and slower replication of CRF07_BC with aforementioned PTAPPE insertion (insPTAP) and/or PIDKELY deletion (Δ7) in the p6Gag protein, which in turn may increase the pool of people infected with CRF07_BC and the risk of HIV-1 transmission. These new features of CRF07_BC may explain its quick spread and will help adjust prevention strategy of HIV-1 epidemic. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 CRF07_BC is one of the most common circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in China. The question is why and how CRF07_BC expanded so rapidly remains unknown. To address the question, we explored the transmission capability of CRF07_BC by constructing HIV-1 transmission networks to quantitatively evaluate the growth rate of transmission clusters of different HIV-1 genotypes. We further characterized the role of two unique mutations in CRF07_BC, PTAPPE insertion (insPTAP) and/or PIDKELY deletion (Δ7) in the p6Gag in virus replication. Our results help define the molecular mechanism regarding the association between the unique mutations and the slower disease progression of CRF07_BC as well as the quick spread of CRF07_BC in China.

Dendrobium catenatum , belonging to the Orchidaceae, is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Sclerotium delphinii (P1) is a broad-spectrum fungal disease, which causes widespread loss in the near-wild cultivation of D. catenatum . Thus, resistance breeding of D. catenatum has become the key to solve this problem. The basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH ) gene family is closely related to plant resistance to external stresses, but the related research in D. catenatum is not deep enough yet. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 108 DcbHLH genes could be divided into 23 subgroups. Promoter cis-acting elements revealed that DcbHLHs contain a large number of stress-related cis-acting elements. Transcriptome analysis of MeJA and P1 treatment manifested that exogenous MeJA can change the expression pattern of most bHLH genes, especially the IIIe subgroup, including inhibiting the expression of DcbHLH026 ( MYC2a ) and promoting the expression of DcbHLH027 ( MYC2b ). Subcellular localization indicated that they were located in the nucleus. Furthermore, exogenous MeJA treatment significantly delayed disease time and reduced lesion size after infection with P1. DcMYC2b -overexpression Arabidopsis lines showed significantly smaller lesions after being infected with P1 than the wild type, indicating that DcMYC2b functions as an important positive regulator in D. catenatum defense against P1. Our findings shed more insights into the critical role of the DcbHLH family in plants and the resistance breeding of D. catenatum ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Cai, Shen, Chen, Xu, Ye, Si, Wu, Chen, Han and Si.)

Dendrobium catenatum, a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine, belongs to epiphytic orchids. Its special life mode leads to the specialization of roots, but there is a lack of systematic research. The aerial root in D. catenatum displays diverse unique biological characteristics, and it initially originates from the opposite pole of the shoot meristem within the protocorm. The root development of D. catenatum is not only regulated by internal cues but also adjusts accordingly with the change in growth environments. D. catenatum root is highly tolerant to auxin, which may be closely related to its epiphytic life. Exogenous auxin treatment has dual effects on D. catenatum roots: relatively low concentration promotes root elongation, which is related to the induced expression of cell wall synthesis genes; excessive concentration inhibits the differentiation of velamen and exodermis and promotes the overproliferation of cortical cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of WOX11-WOX5 regeneration pathway genes and cell division regulatory genes. Overexpression of D. catenatum WOX12 (DcWOX12) in Arabidopsis inhibits cell and organ differentiation, but induces cell dedifferentiation and callus production. Therefore, DcWOX12 not only retains the characteristics of ancestors as stem cell regulators, but also obtains stronger cell fate transformation ability than homologous genes of other species. These findings suggest that the aerial root of D. catenatum evolves special structure and developmental characteristics to adapt to epiphytic life, providing insight into ideal root structure breeding of simulated natural cultivation in D. catenatum and a novel target gene for improving the efficiency of monocot plant transformation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tian, Jiang, Si, Han, Li and Chen.)

Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and drought stress can severely limit its production and quality. To understand the underlying mechanism of drought tolerance, and identify candidate genes for drought tolerance breeding, we conducted a combined genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and RNA-seq analysis. A total of 226 sunflower inbred lines were collected from different regions of China and other countries. Eight phenotypic traits were evaluated under control and drought stress conditions. Genotyping was performed using a Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-seq) approach. A total of 934.08 M paired-end reads were generated, with an average Q30 of 91.97%. Based on the 243,291 polymorphic SLAF tags, a total of 94,162 high-quality SNPs were identified. Subsequent analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure in the 226 accessions was carried out based on the 94,162 high-quality SNPs. The average LD decay across the genome was 20 kb. Admixture analysis indicated that the entire population most likely originated from 11 ancestors. GWAS was performed using three methods (MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK) simultaneously. A total of 80 SNPs showed significant associations with the 8 traits ( p < 1.062 × 10 -6 ). Next, a total of 118 candidate genes were found. To obtain more reliable candidate genes, RNA-seq analysis was subsequently performed. An inbred line with the highest drought tolerance was selected according to phenotypic traits. RNA was extracted from leaves at 0, 7, and 14 days of drought treatment. A total of 18,922 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the branched-chain amino acid catabolic process, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the photosynthesis-related process. Six DEGs were randomly selected from all DEGs for validation; these genes showed similar patterns in RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8167. Through the integration of the genome-wide association study and the RNA-sequencing, 14 candidate genes were identified. Four of them (LOC110885273, LOC110872899, LOC110891369, LOC110920644) were abscisic acid related protein kinases and transcription factors. These genes may play an important role in sunflower drought response and will be used for further study. Our findings provide new insights into the response mechanisms of sunflowers against drought stress and contribute to further genetic breeding., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wu, Shi, Yu, Ma, Hu, Han, Zhang, Zhen, Yi and Hou.)

In this paper, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) suppression in a 1050 nm fiber laser with a pump-sharing oscillator-amplifier (PSOA) structure is studied theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model of a fiber laser with a PSOA structure is established. The characteristics of the ASE for the PSOA structure and the pump-independent oscillator-amplifier (PIOA) structure are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the ASE can be effectively suppressed by utilizing the PSOA structure, which agree with the simulation results. A 1050 nm high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser with PSOA structure is demonstrated, in which the gain fiber lengths of the oscillator and amplifier are 1.6 m and 9 m, respectively, to ensure the interconnection of pump power between the oscillator and amplifier. Finally, the maximum output power of 3.1 kW has been achieved, the linewidth is 0.22 nm at 3 dB, the beam quality M 2  ≈ 1.33, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is 45.5 dB.

Background: Savolitinib is a selective MET tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. We investigated the activity and safety of savolitinib in patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and other non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes positive for MET exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14-positive)., Methods: We did a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study across 32 hospitals in China. Eligible patients were 18 years or older with locally advanced or metastatic METex14-positive pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma or other NSCLC subtypes, had either presented with disease progression or toxicity intolerance towards one or more standard treatments or were deemed clinically unsuitable for standard treatment, were MET inhibitor-naive, and had measurable disease. Patients received either 600 mg (bodyweight ≥50 kg) or 400 mg (bodyweight <50 kg) of oral savolitinib once daily until disease progression, death, intolerable toxicity, initiation of other anti-tumour therapy, non-compliance, patient withdrawal, or patient discontinuation. Radiographic tumour evaluation was done at baseline, every 6 weeks within 1 year of the first dose, and every 12 weeks thereafter. The primary endpoint was objective response rate, defined as the proportion of patients with confirmed complete or partial responses by independent review committee (IRC) assessment. The primary endpoint was assessed in the tumour response evaluable set, which comprised all treated patients with a measurable lesion at baseline and at least one adequate scheduled post-baseline tumour assessment or the presence of radiological disease progression, with a sensitivity analysis done in the full analysis set, which comprised all patients who received at least one dose of savolitinib. Safety was also evaluated in the full analysis set. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02897479, and recruitment is complete, with treatment and follow-up ongoing., Findings: From Nov 8, 2016, to Aug 3, 2020, 84 patients with METex14 skipping alterations were screened for eligibility, of whom 70 were enrolled, received savolitinib, and comprised the full analysis set. The IRC-assessed tumour response evaluable set comprised 61 patients. At a median follow-up of 17·6 months (IQR 14·2-24·4), the IRC-assessed objective response rate was 49·2% (36·1-62·3; 30 of 61 patients) in the tumour response evaluable set and 42·9% (95% CI 31·1-55·3; 30 of 70 patients) in the full analysis set. All 70 patients reported at least one treatment-related adverse event. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or more occurred in 32 (46%) patients, the most frequent of which were increased aspartate aminotransferase (n=9), increased alanine aminotransferase (n=7), and peripheral oedema (n=6). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 17 (24%) patients, the most common being abnormal hepatic function (n=3) and hypersensitivity (n=2). One death due to tumour lysis syndrome in a patient with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma was assessed to be probably related to savolitinib by the investigator., Interpretation: Savolitinib yielded promising activity and had an acceptable safety profile in patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and other NSCLC subtypes positive for METex14 skipping alterations. Savolitinib could therefore be a novel treatment option in this population., Funding: Hutchison MediPharma and AstraZeneca., Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests SL has received research support from AstraZeneca, Hutchison MediPharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Hengrui Therapeutics, BeiGene, and Roche, has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Pfizer, and Jiangsu Hansoh, and is an adviser and consultant for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hutchison MediPharma, Simcere, Zai Lab, GenomiCare Biotechnology, and Roche. JL, XLu, LW, YR, and WS are employees of Hutchison MediPharma and report personal fees from Hutchison MediPharma, both during and outside the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Identifying the most influential spreaders in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission networks is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies., What Is Added by This Report?: This study identified key nodes of the HIV molecular transmission network among men who have sex with men (MSM) by utilizing linkages between sequences to reconstruct the transmission network at the molecular level., What Are the Implications for Public Health Practice?: This study could act as an important supplement of laboratory results to epidemiological studies and suggests that interdisciplinary research could inspire new ideas for finding breakthroughs on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest declared., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2021.)

Background: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) remain a major cause of nosocomial infections, but limited information is available in communities. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CoNS nasal carriage, especially MRCoNS in community-based drug users., Methods: Drug users were included in the cross-sectional study from three communities in Guangzhou, China. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect individual information and nasal swabs were collected to identify CoNS and MRCoNS isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of MRCoNS isolates were detected by using the disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction assays. Factors impacting MRCoNS carriage were assessed and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using logistic regression models., Results: Overall, 353 drug users were eligible and included in the study. The prevalence of CoNS and MRCoNS were 42.78% and 29.18%, respectively. Having a history of being in prison (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.10-4.22) and a history of heroin snorting in the past 6 months (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14-3.05) were risk factors for MRCoNS nasal carriage in drug users. The proportions of multidrug resistance for CoNS and MRCoNS isolates were respectively 54.38% and 66.07%. The predominant multidrug resistance pattern for CoNS and MRCoNS isolates was simultaneously non-susceptible to penicillin, cefoxitin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MRCoNS isolates that were positive for erythromycin- (χ 2 = 15.49, P < 0.001), tetracycline- (χ 2 = 44.88, P < 0.001), penicillin- (χ 2 = 3.86, P = 0.049), clindamycin- (χ 2 = 4.18, P = 0.028), and gentamicin- (χ 2 = 20.66, P < 0.001) resistance genes had significantly higher rates of resistance to corresponding antibiotics., Conclusions: The prevalence of MRCoNS nasal carriage was high in community-based drug users. Drug users with risk factors should be paid greater attention to. The use of antibiotics in drug users needs further investigation and control., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Problem: In China, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care provided by community-based organizations and the public sector are not well integrated., Approach: A community-based organization and experts from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention developed internet-based services for men who have sex with men, in Guangzhou, China. The internet services were linked to clinical services offering HIV testing and care., Local Setting: The expanding HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men is a public health problem in China. HIV control and prevention measures are implemented primarily through the public system. Only a limited number of community organizations are involved in providing HIV services., Relevant Changes: The programme integrated community and public sector HIV services including health education, online HIV risk assessment, on-site HIV counselling and testing, partner notification, psychosocial care and support, counting of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and treatment guidance., Lessons Learnt: The internet can facilitate HIV prevention among a subset of men who have sex with men by enhancing awareness, service uptake, retention in care and adherence to treatment. Collaboration between the public sector and the community group promoted acceptance by the target population. Task sharing by community groups can increase access of this high-risk group to available HIV-related services.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors on AIDS-related deaths among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangzhou, Guangdong province., Methods: A retrospective cohort was formed, based on available data of HIV/AIDS patients between 1991 and 2013 in Guangzhou, that were gathered from the Chinese AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the influencing factors for AIDS-related deaths., Results: Data showed that factors as: existence of full-bloom AIDS when HIV infection was diagnosed (HR =2.717, 95%CI: 2.039-3.621) , diagnose of AIDS was made in the hospitals (HR=1.516, 95%CI: 1.159-1.981) , never received no CD(4) count testing (HR=4.866, 95%CI: 3.674-6.444) , no drugs were provided to those who met the criteria for treatment (HR=12.213, 95%CI: 8.467-17.616) , and patients at aged ≥40 years when HIV infection was diagnosed etc., were related to the risk for AIDS deaths. The risk of AIDS-related death was also high in those who did not meet the treatment criteria or receiving no treatment, when compared to those who had received the antiviral treatment (HR=1.936, 95%CI: 1.145-3.272)., Conclusion: Factors as: earlier diagnosis of HIV/AIDS cases, provision of CD(4) count testing and antiviral treatment to more cases etc, could decrease the risk for AIDS-related deaths and improve the survival rate on HIV/AIDS cases.

Objective: To detect the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen in CD4(+);T cells by flow cytometry (FCM) and assess its application for auxiliary diagnosis of HIV-1 infection., Methods: CD4(+);T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and normal controls (negative controls) were detected for intracellular p24 antigen by FCM. Samples from early-HIV-infected individuals were collected, and the intracellular p24 antigen in CD4(+);T cells was detected by FCM. P24 antigen in plasma was detected by ELISA and nucleic acids were tested by nest-PCR. The results of these 3 assays were compared., Results: The rates of p24(+);CD4(+);T cells of the infected individuals were significantly higher than those of the negative controls (P<0.01); the 95th percentile of p24(+);CD4(+);T cell rates of the infected individuals was 1.92% and the cutoff value was 2.00%. Infected individuals with CD4(+);T ≤350 cells/μL had higher p24(+);CD4(+);T cell rates than those with CD4(+);T >350 cells/μL (P<0.05). The detection of p24 antigen in CD4(+);T cells of early-HIV-1-infected patients could identify HIV-1 infection timely, and the detection efficiency of FCM was better than that of the ELISA of p24 antigen in plasma and was equal to that of nucleic acid testing., Conclusion: The FCM detection of p24 antigen in CD4(+);T cells could be a promising auxiliary approach for the diagnosis of early HIV-1 infection.

Objective: To develop safe and effective anti-RSV new medicine from Radix Glycyrrhizae., Method: The anti-RSV effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae in Hela cell culture was observed by means of the inhibition of cytopathic effect., Result: In Hela cell culture, Radix Glycyrrhizae was found to be a inhibitor of RSV in a concentration-dependent manner. The median toxic concentration (TC50) of Radix Glycyrrhizae was 3.43 g/L, the median effective concentration (EC50) of Radix glycyrrhizae against replication of the Long strain of RSV in Hela cells were 0.2535 g/L, the selectivity index (TI = TC50/EC50) is 13.53. In time of addition experiment, Radix Glycyrrhizae inhibited the effect of RSV in Hela cells when it was added at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h after virus infection., Conclusion: In Hela cell culture, Radix Glycyrrhizae was found to be a inhibitor of RSV, there are many ways in the mechanisms.