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Because of the long period of convalescence following infectious hepatitis with resulting loss of manpower to the United States Army, the present study was conducted in suitable groups in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in order to determine whether or not gamma globulin is an effective therapeutic agent in lessening the severity of the disease and in shortening the period of convalescence. Stokes and Neefe,1 pointing out that globulin is often of value if injected soon after the onset of the initial symptoms of measles,2 suggested its trial as a therapeutic measure in early infectious hepatitis.Through the cooperation of an air force in this theater, patients developing infectious hepatitis were made available for the study. The majority of the patients came from one bombardment group and were diagnosed by the squadron physicians, who had extensive experience with the disease. Patients were chosen for the study as soon

Prior to the report of Stokes and Neefe1 indicating the value of gamma globulin from pooled human plasma in the prevention and attenuation of infectious (epidemic) hepatitis, no method of control of outbreaks of this disease had been available. The extensive literature on infectious (epidemic) hepatitis that has accumulated in the past several years bears witness to the widespread occurrence of this disease both in the armed services and among civilian populations. The lengthy period of convalescence following infectious hepatitis has made it of prime importance to the armed services of all the United Nations.On the basis of the report of Stokes and Neefe and on the recommendation of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army, and at the invitation of the Chief Surgeon and the Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U. S. Army, to two of the authors of this present report, field studies on the effectiveness

DURING the past eight years a colony of hypertensive rats has been developed by breeding from rats with over-average tail blood pressures. The mean blood pressure of the Otago rat colony from which rats were selected for breeding is of the order of 124 mm. mercury for bucks, 116 mm. mercury for does.

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This study examined high school counselors’ education and training, counseling competency, and supportive behavior regarding gay, lesbian, and bisexual students. Sexual minority students often face a range of school and mental health problems. Results show that participants’ counseling competency skills, knowledge, and attitudes predict affirmative behavior. Counseling competency also mediates the relationship between sexual orientation education/training and affirmative behavior. This article concludes with recommendations for preparing school counselors to work with gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The article reports on the completion of the 600-bed residence hall known as the Greiner Hall at the State University of New York at Buffalo, New York. It states that the six-story building removes barriers for students with disabilities and develop independence and social interaction aside from fulfilling the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold Standard of the university. It notes that the project aims to increase the recruitment for students with disabilities..

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a severe, chemotherapy-resistant malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Recently, HTLV-I Tax transgenic mice, accurately reproducing human ATL disease were generated. To develop a more consistent and rapid model of disease development, direct transfer of Tax transgenic cells into SCID mice was assessed and showed that they die within 28 days, having developed both an extremely aggressive leukemia with characteristic flower cells, and extensive lymphomatous infiltration of the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, kidney and lung by malignant T lymphocytes highly expressing CD25. Furthermore, and as in ATL patients, we observed marked hypercalcemia and high level of LDH. We have previously identified in vitro several potential targeted therapies for ATL. To define the optimal schedule and drug combination to be evaluated in clinical trials, we tested the following drugs using the in vivo ATL SCID model: zidovudine, interferon alpha (IFN), arsenic trioxide, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and the combinations of zidovudine and IFN, or of arsenic and IFN. The combination of zidovudine and IFN had no effect on the survival of ATL SCID mice confirming the hypothesis that this combination targets the viral replication since these animals have Tax-transgenic leukemic cells but no entire HTLV-I retrovirus, contrary to ATL patients. Inhibition of NF-kappaB using bortezomib or arsenic alone almost doubled the mice survival but was not sufficient to eradicate ATL malignant cells. Strikingly, the most relevant effect on the mice survival was obtained when we used the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon alpha, which targets both the HTLV-I Tax oncoprotein and the constitutive activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Indeed, after 6 months of follow up, this combination totally cured 40% of the treated mice, and tripled the survival of the remaining 60%. These impressive results suggest that double targeting of Tax and NF-kappaB by the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon alpha may suffice to cure ATL. This combination is now tested in newly diagnosed ATL patients.

Focuses on the sugar plantations in the northeast coast of Hawaii. Information on the land used for the plantation; Background on the sugar industry in the state; Plans of the government to open large tracts of forest lands for homestead purposes.