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Three hemicyanine dyes were employed in dyeing acrylic fabrics following traditional cationic dyeing procedures. The influence of the substituting groups of the dye molecule on the sorption rate and sorption isotherms was analyzed. The results showed that those dyed acrylic fabrics using hemicyanine dyes had obvious fluorescent effect in the spectra range 550–750 nm. In addition, according to the EN-471 standard (2003), the chromaticity of dyed acrylic fabric was calculated to evaluate whether hemicyanine dye could meet the requirements of the fluorescent dye for high visibility warning clothing.

It is assumed that much more functional importance for protein activity than expected may be granted by methylation that occurs at the side-chain of aspartate or glutamate residue. In vitro methylation mainly comes from the use of methanol in sample preparation prior to MS analysis. In this study, we first performed the methylation site-directed proteomic screening of bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and 20S proteasome for gel staining using a meaningfully indicative MS-pattern of peak tag (termed as 4P tag) and manual inspection for mass spectral data. As a result, there were 17 proteolytic peptides with 20 modified sites confirmed to be in vitro methylated. Subsequently, the prevalence investigation was performed, focusing on the reaction kinetic behavior of in vitro methylation. This study provided a simple and robust approach for confirmation of in vitro methylation by methanol, as well as the precautious guide for the use of methanol in proteomic study.

Automatic profiling control using a boom-type roadheader requires an understanding of horizontal and vertical swing angles of the cutting boom. In this study the vertical angle of the cutting boom is discussed. First, a vertical swing detection model for the cutting boom is established. Then, a kinematic analysis of the vertical swing mechanism is made and formulae describing the geometrical relationship between the vertical swing of the cutting boom and the telescopic length of vertical hydraulic lift cylinders and vertical swing angle of the boom are presented. Various factors such as complexity of the calculation model, the difficulty of installing the sensor and the cost are compared for two methods. Finally, directly measuring the vertical swing angle of the cutting boom with a tilt sensor is decided to be the more simple and effective method. The detection sensitivity and the vertical cutting error of a tilt sensor are studied. Vibration tests on an EBZ160 roadheader were performed in a coal mine. The characteristic vibration frequencies are analyzed. A design of a vibration isolation mount for the tilt sensor is presented. It makes the detection device work more reliably under conditions where vibration is present and lays a foundation for the implementation of an automatic roadhead cutter. A tilt sensor is installed on an EBZ160 and an EBZ200, and experiments have been done in a coal mine. The results show that the experimental result is favorable and achieves the goal of automatic control of the vertical swing of the cutting boom.

A method for the purification of 20S proteasome (20S core particle, CP) was developed by combining differential centrifugations with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE), irrespective of species origins of CPs. CP purified from human erythrocytes was subjected to proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), revealing 33 spots of subunit isoforms with different molecular weights and isoelectric points. Furthermore, other four CPs were purified from yeast, mouse liver, and two pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and PANC-1 using the method mentioned above and subjected to proteasome heterogeneity analysis by two-dimensional native/SDS-PAGE (native/sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), in combination with CP from erythrocytes. In conclusion, the method described acts as a rapid and effective tool for CP isolations, and the results obtained may serve as a footstone for the investigations of species-dependent proteasome heterogeneity.

Two hemicyanine dyes, trans-4-[p-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)) amino-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (dye-C1) and trans-4-[p-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)) amino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (dye-C8) were synthesized, and characterized by infrared, 1H-NMR, thermoanalysis, respectively. Then polyimide (PI) oligomers (referred to as P-C1 and P-C8) with these hemicyanine dyes attached to the polymer side chain were prepared through Mitsunobu condensation. When the linear optical properties of the two dyes and the two PI oligomers were studied in dimethylformamide solvent, there were obvious blue shifts in the spectra of the oligomers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

The synthesis of new triphenylamine-branching chromophores with dibenzofuran-core and dibenzothiophene-core was reported and the molecular two-photon absorption (TPA) enhancement via core effect and generation effect was investigated. Comparatively, the core effect shows more significant contribution to TPA enhancement than the generation effect. This is of greatly valuable since optimizing dendritic core is laborsaving in comparison with synthesizing dendrimers with high generation.

Flame retardancy is a desirable property for silk textiles, and it becomes necessity when silk textiles are for interior decorative use in building with public access. However, the flame retardant finishing technology available for silk has significant limitations. In this research, we studied the use of the combination of a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a formaldehyde-free flame retardant finishing system for silk. When BTCA is applied to silk, most of BTCA reacts with the hydroxyl group on silk by single ester linkage. In the presence of HFPO, BTCA is able to bond HFPO onto silk by either a BTCA “bridge” between silk and HFPO or a BTCA–HFPO–BTCA cross-linkage between two silk protein molecules. We evaluated the flammability and physical properties of the silk fabric treated with HFPO and BTCA. The treated silk fabric demonstrated a high level of flame retardancy with modest loss in fabric tensile strength. The treated silk passed the vertical flammability test after 15 hand wash (HW) cycles. Increasing the HFPO concentration from 20% to 30% does not show significant improvement in the flame retardant performance of the treated silk. The thermal analysis data demonstrated that HFPO reduces silk's initial thermal decomposition temperature and promotes char formation.

The flame resistant finishing of silk fabric is still a challenge because most of the available treatment methods usually result in insufficient laundering durability. In this paper, a vinyl phosphorus-based monomer diethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DEMEP) was applied onto silk fabrics by graft copolymerization technique using potassium persulfate as an initiator. FT-IR spectra and amino analysis showed the evidence of the reaction between DEMEP and silk. The silk fabrics treated with DEMEP have excellent self-extinguishing property when the DEMEP add-on is over 50 % wt of silk fabrics. The LOI of treated samples is at least 28 % when the weight gain is 10 %. After being subjected to 30 hand wash cycles, DEMEP treated silk fabric can still pass the vertical flammability test. Thermal gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were applied to explore the thermal decomposition of silk fabrics treated with DEMEP. The initial decomposition temperature of silk fabric treated with DEMEP was shifted to a lower temperature. And at the end of decomposition at 700 °C, the char residue of silk fabric treated with DEMEP was higher than that of the control sample.

A series of “D-π-A” stilbene-type dyes, named as trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DHEASPI-C1), trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-butylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C4), trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C8) and trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-dodecylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C12), respectively, have been synthesized and their optical properties have been experimentally investigated. When DHEASPI-C1 are compared with trans-4-[p-(N,N-diethylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DEASPI) and trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (HEASPI), both the electronegativity of two hydroxyl and intra-molecular hydrogen bond decrease the donor ability of the ethyl chain, there are obvious blue shifts both in single-photon absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and two-photon excited fluorescence spectra. Interestingly, fluorescence intensity of DHEASPI-C1 is the biggest. There are little shifts from DHEASPBr-C4 to DHEASPBr-C8 and to DHEASPBr-C12 in their spectra. As dyes’ two-photon excited fluorescence spectra were concerned, pumped by 1064 nm

This study was performed to discover SNPs for genetic polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA from wild house mice. Universal primer florescent PCR, fluorescence-based conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (F-CSGE) and DNA sequencing were conducted to analyze the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. Different types of unknown muta-tions were recorded by variable F-CSGE patterns without false positive. Twenty-four SNPs, sixteen of which were first discovered in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA, were found in 64 wild house mice from 4 districts in Shanghai. Therefore, F-CSGE was proved to be powerful technique for SNP discovery in the coding region mitochondrial DNA. The novel SNPs can be used as molecular markers to analyze population structure and genetic polymorphisms of the wild house mice in Shanghai.

In this work, surface modification of silk fibroin was conducted by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) via ATRP to produce well controlled grafting silk. First, the amino groups and hydroxyl groups on the side chains of the silk fibroin reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BriB-Br) to obtain efficient initiator for ATRP. Subsequently, the functional silk fibroin was used as macroinitiator of DMAEMA in 1,2-dichlorobenzene in conjunction with CuBr/N,N,N',N",N" -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as a catalyst system. FT-IR characterization of the modified silk substrate showed a peak corresponding to DMAEMA indicating that the polymer had been formed on the silk surface. Following the polymerization, the tertiary amino groups on the grafted silk fibroin were quaternized to produce a large concentration of quaternary ammonium groups, which endowed the silk substrate with potential antibacterial surface. The graft chains were cleaved by acid hydrolysis and analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The GPC results indicated that the graft layer were well-controlled.

Aiming at analysis complexity, a simulation model is built and presented to analyze and demonstrate the characteristics of the direct current (DC) link current of the three-phase two-level inverter with the random space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy. The developing procedure and key subsystems of the simulation model are given in detail. Several experiments are done using the simulation model. The results verify the efficiency and convenience of the simulation model and show that the random SVPWM scheme, especially the random switching frequency scheme, can efficiently suppress the harmonic peaks of the DC link current.

This paper reviews progresses made in China from 2011 in areas of "Synthetic Biology" supported by State Basic Research 973 Program. Till the end of 2014, 9 "synthetic biology" projects have been initiated with emphasis on "microbial manufactures" with the 973 Funding Program. Combined with the very recent launch of one project on "mammalian cell synthetic biology" and another on "plant synthetic biology", Chinese "synthetic biology" research reflects its focus on "manufactures" while not giving up efforts on "synthetic biology" of complex systems.

While phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) is a key factor in the malignant proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, the exact regulatory network governing its roles remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PEBP4 on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and explore its molecular network that governs the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.After the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PEBP4 was constructed, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PEBP4 and PEBP4-targeting siRNA were transfected into lung cancer HCC827 cell line. The expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components in HCC827 cells in each group were determined using Western blotting. In the HCC827 cells, the effect of PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 on the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components under the effect of PEBP4 was determined using Western blotting, and the effects of LY294002 on the cell viability, proliferation, and migration capabilities under the overexpression of PEBP4 were determined using MTT method, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay. Furthermore, the effect of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) on the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components under the effect of PEBP4 was determined using Western blotting, and the effects of RAPA on the cell viability, proliferation, and migration capabilities under the overexpression of PEBP4 were determined using MTT method, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay.As shown by Western blotting, the protein expressions of p-Akt and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) were significantly higher in the pcDNA3.1-PEBP4-transfected group than in the normal control group and PEBP4 siRNA group (P0.05); furthermore, the protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR significantly decreased in the PEBP4 targeting siRNA-transfected group (P0.05). Treatment with LY294002 significantly inhibited the protein expressions of p-Akt and p-mTOR in HCC827 cells (P0.05). In contrast, treatment with RAPA only significantly inhibited the protein expression of p-mTOR (P0.05). As shown by MTT, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay, both LY294002 and RAPA could significantly lower the viability of HCC827 cells and inhibit their proliferation and invasion (P0.05); meanwhile, they could reverse the effect of PEBP4 in promoting the proliferation and migration of HCC827 cells (P0.05).The overexpression of PEBP4 increases the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in lung cancer cells. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis may be a key molecular pathway via which PEBP4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells; also, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target.

Mutations of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33b (VPS33B) cause arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome, and a lack of platelet α-granules in the affected patients. Conditional Vps33b knockout mice were developed to investigate the function(s) of Vps33b in platelet α-granule formation. We found that early embryonic deletion of Vps33b was lethal. PF4-Cre-driven megakaryocyte-targeted Vps33b gene deletion greatly diminished Vps33b expression in platelets, but had no effect on platelet α-granule formation and protein content. Tamoxifen-induced, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-specific Vps33b deletion completely depleted Vps33b in platelets, caused the absence of α-granules, and increased the number of vacuoles in platelets and megakaryocytes. VPS33B association with VIPAS39, α-tubulin, and SEC22B was identified by co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectra, and immunoblotting in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Also, pull-down experiments revealed that VIPAS39 bound to intact VPS33B; in contrast, α-tubulin and SEC22B separately interacted with the sec1-like domains of VPS33B. Vps33b deficiency in megakaryocytes disturbs the redistribution of Vipas39 and Sec22b to proplatelets, and interrupted the co-localization of Sec22b with Vwf-positive vesicles. The data presented in this study suggest that Vps33b is involved in α-granule formation possibly by facilitating the Vwf-positive vesicular trafficking to α-granule-related vacuoles in megakaryocytes. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John WileySons, Ltd.

A sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the measurement of the squalene content from root to tip, in both Chinese black virgin and bleached hair. Deuterated squalene was used as the internal standard. For quantification, selective ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 410.0 and 347.0 were monitored for squalene and deuterated squalene, respectively. Different methods for the extraction of squalene from ex vivo human hair were compared including organic solvent extraction and acid/alkali hydrolysis. The best extraction efficiency was obtained by using a mixed solvent consisting of chloroform:methanol = 2:1 (v:v). The linear range of squalene ran from 1.0 to 50.0 μg mL(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.10 μg mL(-1) (corresponding to 0.005 mg g(-1) in human hair), which enabled quantification of squalene in human hair at very low level. The recovery of squalene was 96.4 ± 1.46% (n = 3). Using the above-mentioned mixed solvent extraction, squalene content in human hair was successfully quantified from root to tip. Meanwhile, a Raman imaging method was developed to visualize the squalene distribution in Chinese white virgin hair from cuticle to medulla.

As we know, segmentation is an important countermeasure in the study of automated leukocyte image recognition. This paper proposes a novel method for leukocyte image segmentation, which is based on converting the segmentation to a classification issue. First, an effective classifier called feed forward neural network with random weights is employed to classify all the pixels in a leukocyte image. Then, according to the classification results, the regions of nucleus and cytoplasm are extracted, respectively, to achieve the segmentation. The experiments show that the proposed method is more effective compared with some existing approaches, and can segment the nucleus and cytoplasm well. Meanwhile, the advantage of the proposed method in leukocyte recognition is also reviewed and analyzed.

Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ doped LaBO 3 nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning of a precursor solution that was prepared by a Pechini process and subsequent calcination treatment. The resulting nanofibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD result indicated that the electrospun nanofibers could crystallize into orthorhombic aragonite-type LaBO 3 at 750 °C. The SEM results showed that the precursor fiber shrank to less than 100 nm during the calcination treatment. Compared with the powder sample, the luminescent LaBO 3 :Eu 3+ (Tb 3+ ) nanofibers have stronger luminescence intensity and longer luminescence decay times and are expected to be used for optical detector and full-color display devices.

Aiming at the problem of the method that demands a high accuracy of the equipment with a high price and low generality in measuring the elastic modulus by using the direct method, a device and a method are proposed to measure the elastic modulus of the rod-shaped object based on image processing. The image of the rod-shaped object is gotten using the proposed measurement device. The coordinates of the point on the contour line and the centroid of the cross-section of the rod-shaped object are extracted by using the object image with loading and no-loading respectively. The elastic modulus is computed by using the deflection difference formula. Finally an example is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the device and method that lay a solid foundation for future study of the rod-shaped object elastic modulus measurement.

The technology of high-temperature superconductive (HTSC) maglev trains has become mature and ready for a commercial use ten years after its first prototype was made by Jiasu Wang and Suyu Wang. However, an appropriate roadmap in applying it to the market is crucial for its success because superconductivity mystery remains veiled and public safety concern may prevent it from being used.

Functional properties and antioxidative activity of a protein hydrolysate prepared from Acanthogobius hasta processing by-product protein during solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae were investigated. Overall, protease activity increased with the degree of hydrolysis (DH) decreased during solid-state fermentation. All the protein hydrolysate had excellent solubility, possessed interfacial properties, and varying degrees of antioxidant activity which were governed by their concentrations and DH, molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition. After 5 days fermentation, the DH of the protein hydrolysate was 31.23%. The protein hydrolysate had the highest total hydrophobic amino acid content, the highest DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, and the chelating activity. The radical-scavenging activity of the hydrolysates at 6 mg/mL was 78.6%. The reducing power of protein hydrolysate at the range of 0-6 mg/mL was lower than that of BHA at the range of 0-60 µg/mL, while the chelating activity of APs was similar to that of BHA at the range of 0-60 µg/mL. Moreover, the protein hydrolysate showed good emulsifying and foaming properties over a wide pH range from 2 to 12. Therefore, solid state fermentation provided a suitable and low-cost method for converting Acanthogobius hasta processing by-product protein into antioxidant protein hydrolysates.

The biomimetic structure and composition of biomaterials are recognized as critical factors that determine their biological performance. A bioinspired nano-micro structured octacalcium phosphate (OCP)/silk fibroin (SF) composite coating on titanium was achieved through a mild electrochemically induced deposition method. Findings indicate that SF plays a critical role in constructing the unique biomimetic hierarchical structure of OCP/SF composite coating layers. In vitro cell culture tests demonstrate that the presence of OCP/SF composite coatings, with highly ordered and hierarchically porous structure, greatly enhance cellular responses. The coatings developed in this study have considerable potential for various hard tissue engineering and applications.

To explore the effects of serum from ginsenoside saponins (GSS) on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in osteoblasts (OB).Serum from GSS with different doses were fed to calvaria bone specimens from rats. The proliferation of osteoblasts and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of OB were analyzed. After alizarin red S staining, the area of calcium nodule was calculated to observe the result of serum from GSS on OB mineralization.Serum from GSS had notable effects on the proliferation of in vitro cultured OB (P0.01) and remarkably stimulated the mineralization of OB (P0.05) while its effect on the ALP activity of OB was also marked (P0.01).Serum from GSS can promote the proliferation and mineralization ability of OB and significantly accelerate the formation of OB.

To enhance the water repellent property of cotton fabric, cotton was grafted using dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFHMA) monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method in aqueous media. The structure of grafted cotton fabric was characterized by scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that DFHMA was successfully grafted onto the surface of cotton fabric. Compared with the control cotton fabric, the surface contact angle test showed that the water repellence of the grafted cotton fabric was better. The surface contact angle of the grafted cotton fabric could reach 150.0°. Furthermore, the washing durability of the grafted fabric was also investigated. The surface contact angle of the grafted cotton fabric could reach 145.3° after 20 times washing. The whiteness, air permeability and moisture regain of the grafted cotton fabric decreased slightly compared with the control cotton fabric. Cotton fabric with good water repellent property and great washing durability could be obtained, which had little effect on the intrinsic properties of cotton fabric.

Nociception is an important protective mechanism. The Hargreaves method, which involves measuring withdrawal latency following thermal stimulation to Thermal nociception using a modified Hargreaves method in primates and humans the paw, is commonly used to measure pain thresholds in rodents. We modified this technique to measure pain thresholds in monkeys and humans. The modified Hargreaves method was used to quantitate pain sensitivity in eight normal rhesus monkeys, 55 human volunteers, and 12 patients with spinal cord or cauda equina lesions. Thermal stimulation was delivered at 80% of maximum output, and the duration of the stimulation was set at a maximum of 10 seconds to avoid skin injury. The following withdrawal latencies were recorded: 2.7 ± 0.12 seconds in volunteers and 3.4 ± 0.35 seconds in neurologically intact monkeys (p>0.05). Patients with spinal cord or cauda equina lesions showed significantly increased latencies (p

Aims This is the first part of the Second National Epidemiological Survey on Illicit Drug Use in six high-prevalence areas in China in 1996. The scale of illicit drug abuse and patterns of use in the survey areas were assessed. Design, setting and participants 67 319 registered permanent residents in the community and those who were at institutions at the point of the survey (15 years old and over, males 34 755, 51.6%; females 32 564, 48.4%) in selected areas in China were screened and interviewed by trained psychiatrists. Measurements Demographics and drug-related data were assessed using the Epidemiological Inventory for Illicit Drug Use developed by the authors. Illicit drugs in this study were defined as a group of psychoactive substances controlled by international and national laws, used for non-medical purposes, including opiate, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), cannabis, hallucinogens, etc. Findings The lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use was 1.60% (male, 2.58%, female 0.57%), and 1-year prevalence was 1.17% (male 1.80%, female 0.48%). There were 67 cases who used a drug initially before 1952; no new cases of illicit drug use could then be found during the period of 1952‐86. However, the number of new drug users in each year has been rising steadily since 1986. The majority of drugs used were opiates in which heroin dominated, although there was some variability among the six sites. The main routes of administration were inhalation and intravenous injection. More than half the users (59.1%) took drugs on seven occasions or less per week, and 15.8% users used drugs on 21 occasions or more per week. Conclusion Compared with the data from the 1993 survey, illicit drug use has continued to escalate across the areas, calling for priority concern in various sections of the country.

The [Formula: see text]-methylol dimethyl phosphono propionamide (MDPA) flame retardant compounds are predominantly used for cotton fabric treatments with trimethylol melamine (TMM) to obtain better crosslinking and enhanced flame retardant properties. Nevertheless, such treatments are associated with a toxic issue of cancer-causing formaldehyde release. An eco-friendly finishing was used to get formaldehyde-free fixation of flame retardant to the cotton fabric. Citric acid as a crosslinking agent along with the sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst in the treatment was utilized. The process parameters of the treatment were enhanced for optimized flame retardant properties, in addition, low mechanical loss to the fabric by response surface methodology using Box–Behnken statistical design experiment methodology was achieved. The effects of concentrations on the fabric’s properties (flame retardancy and mechanical properties) were evaluated. The regression equations for the prediction of concentrations and mechanical properties of the fabric were also obtained for the eco-friendly treatment. The R-squared values of all the responses were above 0.95 for the reagents used, indicating the degree of relationship between the predicted values by the Box–Behnken design and the actual experimental results. It was also found that the concentration parameters (crosslinking reagents and catalysts) in the treatment formulation have a prime role in the overall performance of flame retardant cotton fabrics.

The oxidative polymerization of dopamine for the functional surface modification of textile fibers has drawn great attention. In this work, the functionalization of polyamide fiber via dopamine polymerization was studied with the aim of the fabrication of hydrophilic and antistatic surface. The conditions of dopamine application were first discussed in the absence of specific oxidants in terms of the apparent color depth of polyamide fiber. Dopamine concentration, pH and time were found to exert great impact on color depth. The highest color depth was achieved at pH 8.5. In the process of modification, polydopamine was deposited onto the surface of polyamide fiber. The modified polyamide fiber displayed a yellowish brown color with excellent wash and light color fastness, and exhibited good hydrophilic, UV protection and antistatic effects. A disadvantage of the present approach was the slow rate of dopamine polymerization and functionalization.

The faults such as seal breakdown and pressure sensor damage occur in 300MN Die-forging press frequently. First, the fault phenomenon and harm of the hydraulic system was compiled statistics, the theoretical analysis of the hydraulic impact of hydraulic system are carried out based on the momentum theorem; Then, the co-simulation model of hydraulic system was established by AMESim and Simulink software and the correctness was verified. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic system for the key working condition "forging stroke changing to mold collision" was analyzed, the influences rules of system parameters such as the leak gap of valve, diameter of water way pipeline, emulsion temperature and air contain act on hydraulic system are obtained. This conclusions have a theoretical guiding significance to the improvement and maintains of high pressure and large flow hydraulic system.

This study aimed to introduce a new stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) system based on Leksell stereotactic frame (L-SEEG) as well as Neurotech operation planning software, and to investigate its safety, applicability, and reliability. L-SEEG, without the help of navigation, includes SEEG operation planning software (Neurotech), Leksell stereotactic frame, and corresponding surgical instruments. Neurotech operation planning software can be used to display three-dimensional images of the cortex and cortical vessels and to plan the intracranial electrode implantation. In 44 refractory epilepsy patients, 364 intracranial electrodes were implanted through the L-SEEG system, and the postoperative complications such as bleeding, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leakage, infection, and electrode-related problems were also investigated. All electrodes were implanted accurately as preoperatively planned shown by postoperative lamina computed tomography and preoperative lamina magnetic resonance imaging. There was no severe complication after intracranial electrode implantation through the L-SEEG system. There were no electrode-related problems, no CSF leakage and no infection after surgery. All the patients recovered favorably after SEEG electrode implantation, and only 1 patient had asymptomatic frontal lateral ventricle hematoma (3 mL). The L-SEEG system with Neurotech operation planning software can be used for safe, accurate, and reliable intracranial electrode implantation for SEEG.

To develop an economical and feasible approach to probe protein complexes, differential centrifugation and three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were performed to separate protein complexes from the cell lysate of human pancreatic cancer cell line, SW1990, followed by mass spectrometric identification. Four macromolecular protein complexes were separated and identified unambiguously.

In this paper, we propose a suspended microstrip line covered with dielectric in the ground plate, so as to reduce the loss of the transmission line and apply it to THz transmission. After investigating the relation between the design parameters and the transmission loss, we obtain the optimal design parameters with a transmission loss 0.073dB/mm. It can be predicted that the improved structure may be an effective planar transmission line with good prospects for THz wave.

Determination of amino acids in a complex matrix without derivatization is advantageous, however, difficulties are found in both the detection and the separation of those compounds. In this study, a rapid and reliable LC-MS-MS method for the quantitation of underivatized amino acids in exocellular media was established. Injections were made directly after centrifugation of the samples, without further preparation. The separation of seven underivatized amino acids was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column with pentadecafluorooctanoic acid as a volatile ion-pair reagent, and the specific detection of most amino acids was achieved by MS-MS of the specific transitions [M + H]+--[M + H - 46]+. The calibration curves of all analytes were linear over the range of 1.0-1000 microg ml(-1) and the detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 5 ng ml(-1), with an injection volume of 20 microl. The inter-day and intra-day precisions ranged from 2.6 to 5.7% and 4.8 to 8.2%, respectively; the mean recoveries of the seven analytes were 81-104%, 91-107% and 93-101% respectively at the spiked level of 10, 40 and 200 microg ml(-1). A large number of fermentation samples were analysed using this method. The technique is simple, rapid, selective and sensitive, and shows potential for the high-throughput quantitation of amino acids from other biological matrices.

Polyamic acid (PAA) solution in N, N-dimethylacetamide was mixed with one hemicyanine dye, DHEASPI-C 1 , to prepare the fluorescent polyimide (PI) web by electrospinning process (ESP). Firstly, dark orange-red PAA/DHEASPI-C 1 web consisted of nanofibers about 10–100 nm, could be achieved using ESP at room temperature. Then thermal imidization for 4 h in vacuum oven (200 °C, 133 Pa) led to the cycloimidization of PAA into PI and the orange PI/ DHEASPI-C 1 fluorescent web was successfully obtained. The single-photon emission fluorescent measurements showed that both electrospun PAA/DHEASPI-C 1 web and PI/DHEASPI-C 1 web had obvious fluorescent properties, moreover, their spectra peak locations were 604 nm and 602 nm respectively.

Eu 2 WO 6 was synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method. Crystal phase was characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction. The excitation and emission spectra indicate that this phosphor can be effectively excited by near UV (395 nm) and blue light (465 nm), and the emission spectra exhibit a satisfactory red performance at 611 nm, which is due to the characteristic 5 D 0 − 7 F 2 transitions of Eu 3+ ions. The luminescence intensities and color purity were investigated by increasing the fired temperature. The phosphor shows stable luminescence and color purity at high temperature.

Cephalosporin C (CPC) acylase is important for the one-step production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), a key intermediate for cephalosporin antibiotics. However, its application is hampered by the low activity, substrate inhibition, and product inhibition. In this study, two rounds of combinatorial active-site saturation testing (CASTing) were carried out on the CPC acylase acyII from Pseudomonas SE83, and one mutant H57βA/H70βY with no substrate inhibition was obtained. For further engineering to reduce the product inhibition, a quick pH indicator assay was developed, allowing for real-time monitoring of the product inhibition in the presence of added 7-ACA. The utility of the assay was demonstrated by screening six libraries of site-directed saturation mutagenesis libraries of H57βA/H70βY. A new mutant H57βA/H70βY/I176βN was obtained, which showed a k cat 3.26-fold and a K IP 3.08-fold that of the wild type, respectively. Given the commercial value of the enzyme, both this pH indicator assay and the triple mutant should be useful for further engineering of the enzyme to increase the specific activity and to decrease the product inhibition.

In this study, we try to present our experience of transaqueductal removal of the fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis (FVNCC) with a flexible neuroendoscope. Three cases of the fourth ventricular cysticercosis were transaqueductally removed with FUJINON EB-270P flexible neuroendoscope through a frontal precoronal burr hole. The diagnosis was established on imaging and confirmed on histology in all of the cases. Complete excision of cysts in the fourth ventricle was performed in all cases with no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. The shunt and the string-of-beads multiple cysts in the basal cistern were removed simultaneously through the orificium fistulae of the third ventricle floor with the flexible neuroendoscope. Satisfactory postoperative CSF flow around foramen magnum was detected by cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. All of the patients were asymptomatic, with an average follow-up of 6 months. The whole ventricular system can be explored easily with electrical flexible neuroendoscope. Endoscopic transaqueductal removal of the fourth ventricular cysticercosis with a flexible neuroendoscope should be recommended as the optimal choice of the disease due to its minimal invasion, fewer complications, shorter length of stay and cheaper treatment costs.

Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in industrialized countries. Understanding the mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury as well as other forms of sterile liver injury is critical to improve the care of patients. Recent studies demonstrate that danger signaling and inflammasome activation play a role in APAP-induced injury. The aim of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that benzyl alcohol (BA) is a therapeutic agent that protects against APAP-induced liver injury by modulation of danger signaling. APAP-induced liver injury was dependent, in part, on Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) signaling. BA limited liver injury over a dose range of 135-540 μg/g body weight or when delivered as a pre-, concurrent, or post-APAP therapeutic. Furthermore, BA abrogated APAP-induced cytokines and chemokines as well as high-mobility group box 1 release. Moreover, BA prevented APAP-induced inflammasome signaling as determined by interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 cleavage in liver tissues. Interestingly, the protective effects of BA on limiting liver injury and inflammasome activation were dependent on TLR4 signaling, but not TLR2 or CD14. Cell-type–specific knockouts of TLR4 were utilized to further determine the protective mechanisms of BA. These studies found that TLR4 expression specifically in myeloid cells (LyzCre-tlr4−/−) were necessary for the protective effects of BA. Conclusion: BA protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury and reduced inflammasome activation in a TLR4-dependent manner. BA may prove to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of APAP and other forms of sterile liver injury. (Hepatology 2014;60:990–1002)

The fixed constant (Fc) region of IgG is subject to changes in glycosylation state in response to diseases. On the basis of sera from 75 healthy controls, 75 pancreatitis (PT) patients, and 75 pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) patients, we analyzed six fucosylated glycoforms of IgG2 (G0F, G1F, G2F, G0FN, G1FN, and G2FN), by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI–FTICR MS), to evaluate their use as biomarkers for pancreatic diseases. Compared with healthy controls, significant increases in agalactosylated glycoforms and decreases in galactosylated glycoforms were observed for PT and PAC patients. Logistic regression analysis suggested that truncation of the sugar chain was prone to occur in PT and, especially, PAC patients. After participants were stratified by sex and age, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed good overall sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of PAC and PT patients from healthy controls. A combination of G0F and galactosylation also had acceptable power for differentiating PAC patients from PT patients.

Spherical SiO2 particles having a LaBO3:Eu3+ shell have been prepared by coating of silica nanoparticles (size around 130–150 nm) with a LaBO3:Eu3+ sol–gel precursor and subsequent calcination. The SiO2@LaBO3:Eu3+ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD and FTIR results revealed that the LaBO3:Eu3+ layer on SiO2 nanoparticles formed an H-LaBO3 crystal phase when calcination at a temperature up to 700 °C. Both excitation and emission properties were characterized. The strong excitation lines at 393 and 465 nm of SiO2@LaBO3:Eu3+ indicated that the core–shell phosphor matched well with the output wavelength of near-UV (350–400 nm) or blue LED (450 nm) chips in phosphor-converted W-LEDs. The emission spectra of the 5D0 → 7F J (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) transitions at blue/near-UV light showed strong emission lines around 615 nm which were attributed to the induced electric dipole transition of 5D0 → 7F2. The coating cycles affected the luminescence of SiO2@LaBO3:Eu3+ nanoparticles and their CIE chromaticity coordinate shifted from orange-red to the deep red zone with the increase in the coating cycles (up to 3). The luminescence lifetime of the Eu3+ ions in SiO2@LaBO3:Eu3+ was 2.32 ms. Such a luminescent material may be useful for display and light applications.

Aromatic monomers with different fluorine concentrations and structural distribution patterns were synthesized. A series of copolymers based on methyl methacrylate, acrylate, and perfluorooctylalkyl acrylate were prepared by emulsion polymerization and were subsequently used as functional coatings to prepare water- and oil-repellent cotton fabrics. The composition and structure of the outmost layer of the treated cotton surface were analyzed. A strong surface segregation of fluorinated segments was found for the treated samples, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The basis for an in-depth appreciation of the relationship between the molecular structure of the monomers and the properties of corresponding copolymer-treated materials was provided (especially with regarding to their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties). The wetting characteristics of the fluorinated copolymers were found to be dependent on the density (number of side chains per constitutional repeat unit) and regularity of the fluorinated side chains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4410–4418, 2013