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The Ku, Zaap, and Maloob structures consist of an arcuate series of fold-thrust structures, which change orientation from approximately east-west to north-northwest-south-southeast along a structural salient in the offshore Campeche Bay, Mexico. The structures are related to a series of thrust faults, which merge into the Maloob thrust. The Ku, Zaap, and Maloob fields located on these structures together constitute an important complex of fields with proven remaining reserves of approximately 1850 MMBOE. The structures formed during three main periods of deformation: (1) a Jurassic-Cretaceous extensional episode; (2) a Miocene compressive phase, during which the main trap-forming structures were formed; and (3) a Pliocene to Holocene extensional episode, resulting in several listric growth faults. Three-dimensional (3-D) models of the main reservoir unit (Upper Cretaceous breccia), and other prospective reservoir units (Eocene and Kimmeridgian) constructed by integrating 3-D seismic interpretation, well data, and a series of balanced structural cross sections, provide an understanding of the geometry and evolution of the structures. The Zaap, Maloob, and sub-Maloob structures are interpreted as a series of faulted detachment folds, detaching within salt and other Jurassic ductile units. The front limbs of these structures are typically cut by thrust faults with small displacements, terminating in the lower Tertiary section. The Ku and Pakal structures also originated as a detachment fold, hut was faulted relatively early in its deformational history. The frontal zone of this structure is marked by a closely spaced thrust system consisting of the Ku, Pakal-1, and Maloob thrusts. The 3-D models provide an accurate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of an extended treatment period in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients without early virological response (EVR).Methods Patients received pegylated interferon (peg-INF)-a2a 180 µg/week plus ribavirin 800 mg/d for 12 weeks. Patients achieving EVR at week 12 continued under therapy for an additional 12 or 36 weeks depending on genotype. Patients without EVR were randomized to complete the standard treatment or treatment lasting 72 weeks (extension arm).Results One hundred and ten patients were included (mean age 38.7 years, mean weight 68 kg, 74% males, 74% on highly active antiretroviral therapy, mean CD4+T-cell count 564 cells/mm3). Fifty-one patients harboured genotype 1, 44 genotype 2/3, and 15 genotype 4. Fifty-three had an HCV load >800,000 IU/ml. Premature interruptions occurred in 32.7%. EVR was achieved in 63.6% (51% in genotype 1, 88.6% in genotype 2/3, 33.3% in genotype 4). End-of-treatment response was 52.7% (47.2% in genotype 1, 68.2% in genotype 2/3, 26.7% in genotype 4). Sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 41.8% (37.3% in genotype 1, 54.6% in genotype 2/3, 20% in genotype 4). Only one patient allocated to the extended arm achieved SVR. The rate of drop-outs in the extension arm was 68%. The negative predictive value of EVR was 97.5%.Conclusions This study shows no benefit of extending therapy in patients without EVR at week 12. Measures to improve adherence to HCV antiviral therapy should be considered when new approaches based on extended periods of treatment are investigated.

The past decade has seen the emergence of paradigm shifts in concepts involving cardiovascular tissue regeneration, including the idea that adult stem cells originate in hematopoietic or bone marrow cells, the belief that even adult organs, such as the heart and nervous system, are capable of post-mitotic regeneration, and the concept of inherent plasticity in cells that have undergone limited lineage differentiation. There has consequently been a flurry of proposed regenerative strategies, and safety and limited efficacy data from both animal and limited human trials have been presented. The drive to push these advances from the bench to the bedside has created a unique environment where the therapeutic agents, delivery approaches, and methods of measuring efficacy (often imaging technology) are evolving practically in parallel. The encouraging results of recent cell-therapy trials should therefore be assessed cautiously and in consonance with an understanding of the advantages and limitations of delivery strategies and end points. Arguably, the use of imaging technologies to evaluate surrogate end points might help overcome the difficulty posed by large sample sizes required for hard end point trials in cardiovascular therapeutics. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most sensitive techniques available to assess spatial and temporal changes following local or systemic therapies, and the availability of a bevy of complementary techniques enables interrogation of physiology, morphology, and metabolism in one setting. We contend that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is ideally suited to assess response to myocardial regeneration therapy and can be exploited to yield valuable insights into the mechanism of action of myocardial regeneration therapies.

Clinical trials have begun to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of administering progenitor cells to the heart in order to repair or perhaps reverse the effects of myocardial ischemia and injury. In contrast to surgical-based injections, which are often coupled with coronary bypass surgery, catheter-based injections are less invasive and make it possible to evaluate cell products used as sole interventions. The two methods that have been tested in humans are injecting cells directly into the ventricular wall with catheter systems dedicated to that purpose and infusing cells into coronary arteries with standard balloon angioplasty catheters. The catheters described in this article have been shown in both animal and clinical studies to be effective in cell delivery and to be safe. They are well-designed and user-friendly devices, but require further investigation to identify means for optimizing cell retention and to address other limitations. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials utilizing catheters for cell implantation are under way, and others are soon to follow. The results of these studies will help to shape the direction of future investigations, both clinical and basic. The spectrum of cardiac diseases, the variety of catheters for cell delivery, and the wide array of progenitor cell types open up this young field to creative discoveries.

Hypoxia is an important phenomenon in the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxic tumors are more aggressive and resistant to anti-neoplastic treatments. HIF-1? plays a major role in the response of tumors to hypoxia, and it is mainly responsible for the “angiogenic switch”. HIF-1? contributes to tumor aggressiveness, invasiveness, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeting HIF-1? is an attractive strategy, with the potential for disrupting multiple pathways crucial for tumor growth.. We review recent findings on the potential efficacy of small molecules to down-regulate HIF-1?. These promising drugs inhibit HIF-1? synthesis or transcriptional activity by blocking a variety of steps in several different signaling pathways. Blocking HIF-1? activity should not only down-regulate tumor angiogenesis, but also interfere with glycolytic metabolism and tumor cell growth. This strategy could also improve the efficiency of established tumor therapies.

In developing countries, intravenous liquids are mixed and administered by nurses, sometimes under suboptimal infection control conditions. We hypothesized that outbreaks of infusate-associated neonatal bacteremias are common, and we evaluated whether they can be detected by vigilant microbiologic surveillance of infusates.

No Abstract

Gold supported on partially dehydroxylated γ-Al2O3was prepared from Au(CH3)2(C5H7O2). The activities of the materials as CO oxidation catalysts were investigated following pretreatment in flowing O2and, alternatively, in flowing CO. The catalytic activity data are complemented with extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra recorded as the samples in flow reactors were treated in O2, in CO, and in CO + O2while functioning as CO oxidation catalysts. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the gases evolved during the treatments. The data show that samples pretreated in O2contained predominantly cationic gold and were more active as catalysts than samples pretreated with CO, which contained gold predominantly as zerovalent clusters. These results reinforce recent reports of the role of cationic gold in the catalytic sites for CO oxidation.

Daclizumab can decrease the incidence of acute rejection (AR) in renal transplant (RTx) recipients. In this prospective study, 52 RTx patients were divided into two groups according to the dose of daclizumab: 1 mg/kg on day 0 and every 14 days for five doses (group 1, n30) or a truncated regimen of 2 mg/kg on day 0 and on the day of discharge (group 2, n22). The following variables were recorded: demographics; delayed graft function; AR at 3, 6, and 12 months; time to AR; chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN); and serum creatinine. The overall incidences of AR were 23% and 27% (P0.76) in groups 1 and 2, respectively, whereas at 6 months they were 21% and 18% (P1.0). Median time to AR was 10 days in group 1 and 94 days in group 2 (P0.09). The incidence of CAN was 6.6% in group 1 and 13% in group 2 (P0.63). These data suggest that the truncated dose of daclizumab is as effective as the standard regimen for AR prophylaxis.

In this review, the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands on atherosclerosis is examined. The PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones are currently indicated for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the PPAR-α agonist fibrates are used in dyslipidaemia. Here their mechanism of action and the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the use of these medications for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease is explored. In addition, the role of PPAR-δ and the possibilities for the role of dual-binding agonists are examined.

The genus Pectinatusis currently composed by two species, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilusand Pectinatus frisingensis, both asociated with beer spoilage. This study describes a novel isolate (strain B6) retrieved from a wastewater treatment plant collecting residues from a large number of wineries. Based on similarity analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain B6 belongs to the genus Pectinatus. Strain B6 is a strict anaerobe like other Pectinatusspecies and it presents non-motile, coccoid cells showing a slight oval shape. Strain B6 shows marked physiological differences with other Pectinatusspecies both in fatty acid composition and carbon source utilization. The most abundant fatty acids found in strain B6 were 18:1 (42.8%) and 16:0 (18.3%) representing a total of over 61% of fatty acids in this microorganism while these fatty acids represented 41.3% in P. cerevisiiphilusTand 2.4% in P. frisingensisTof their total. Fatty acid 15:0 was not significant in strain B6 and represented 28.6% and 13.3% for P. cerevisiiphilusTand P. frisingensisT, respectively. Strain B6 showed a faster growth rate and higher optimum temperature than its relatives P. cerevisiiphilusand P. frisingensis. Strain B6, P. cerevisiiphilusand P. frisingensiscould be clearly differentiated by acid production tests from substrates such as esculine and gluconate, and the lack of acid production from rhamnose and fucose among others. G+C mol% content in strain B6 is 36.5%. Based on genotypic and phenotypic differences, strain B6 is proposed as a novel Pectinatusspecies, P. portalensisnov. sp. Both strain B6 and the two described species of Pectinatusgrow on beers and wines. These results provide insights about the origin and reservoirs of Pectinatusspecies and spoiling alcoholic beverages.

Atherothrombosis, defined as atherosclerotic lesion disruption with superimposed thrombus formation, is the major cause of acute coronary syndromes and cardiovascular deaths. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Plaque composition, rather than luminal stenosis, is recognized as the major determinant of this disease. Since tissue factor is found within atheroma and also in the bloodstream of atherosclerotic patients, it likely plays a key role in determining both plaque and blood thrombogenicity. Ongoing clinical and preclinical studies are evaluating the therapeutic possibilities of specific inhibition of the tissue factor pathway. Here, we will review the role of tissue factor in atherothrombosis and therapeutic applications.

Studies of the microorganisms living on cultural assets and their potential damaging effects begin with an understanding of the microbial diversity present in such samples. Recently, molecular techniques have started to attract considerable interest since they do not require the culture of microorganisms in order to detect their presence. The basic protocol followed during microbial diversity analysis on cultural heritage assets utilizes electrophoretic techniques for separating highly homologous sequences. At present, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) is the most frequently reported technique for separating DNA fragments during microbial diversity studies of art objects. In this report, we describe DGGE profiling techniques, show the most common applications, and present some examples of their use in microbial diversity studies on cultural heritage.

Equilibrium temperatures for liquid–liquid and solid–liquid transitions of systems containing sulfolane and propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, octan-1-ol or tetradecan-1-ol were measured by a dynamic method. From butan-1-ol, the mixtures show an upper critical solution temperature, which increases with the length of the alcohol. It may attributed to a decreasing of the effective dipole moment of the alkan-1-ol which markedly decreases the interactions between unlike molecules. The coexistence curves become shifted to the high molar fractions of sulfolane in solutions with longer alkan-1-ols, probably due to size effects. Binary systems of sulfolane with cycloalkanes, n-alkanes, benzene or toluene, CCl₄ or alkan-1-ols were analyzed in terms of a purely physical model, DISQUAC. The corresponding interaction parameters are reported. DISQUAC represents fairly well, over a rather wide range of temperature, a complete set of thermodynamic properties: liquid–liquid equilibria, LLE, solid–liquid equilibria, SLE, vapor–liquid equilibria, VLE, molar excess Gibbs energies, G^E, molar excess enthalpies, H^E and natural logarithms of activity coefficients at infinite dilution, ln γ_i^∞. Deviations observed for LLE are typical for mean field theories as calculations are developed assuming that thermodynamic properties close to the critical points are analytical. Experimental data show that sulfolane may play the role of an almost inert diluent, because of the steric hindrance of its globular nature.

In this work we present a parallel solver for the Poisson equation for 3D abrupt heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT). Three-dimensional simulation is essential for studying devices of small geometry as in the case we have studied. We have used an unstructured tetrahedral mesh and we have applied the finite method element (FEM), making a specific formulation for the nodes located on the interface of the regions with different characteristics. For HBT devices, it is necessary to take into account that on both sides of the interface between the different regions exist materials with different properties. Our formulation implies situating pairs of nodes in the same physical positions of the interface, associating each nodes to a region of the HBT. This way, the effects due to thermionic emission and the tunnel effect may be simulated when the Poisson and the electron and hole equations are solved in an abrupt HBT. We have applied domain decomposition methods to solve the associate linear systems. This code has been implemented for distributed memory multicomputers, making use of a message passing standard library, MPI. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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FK506 is a recently developed immunosuppressant that has been useful in improving the survival of transplanted organs. Among the numerous adverse side effects of FK506, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) stands out as an infrequent but severe complication.

AbstractChest wall restriction, whether caused by disease or mechanical constraints such as protective outerwear, can cause decrements in pulmonary function and exercise capacity. However, the study of the oxygen cost associated with mechanical chest restriction has so far been purely qualitative. The previous paper in this series described a device to impose external chest wall restriction, its effects on forced spirometric volumes, and its test-retest reliability. The purpose of this experiment was to measure the oxygen cost associated with varied levels of external chest wall restriction. Oxygen uptake and electromyogram (EMG) of the external intercostals were recorded during chest restriction in 10 healthy males. Subjects rested for 9 min before undergoing volitional isocapnic hyperpnea for 6 min. Subjects breathed at minute ventilations (V·I) of 30, 60, and 90 liters/min with chest wall loads of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mm Hg applied. Frequency of breathing was set at 15, 30, and 45 breaths per minute with a constant tidal volume (VT) of 2 liters. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously at rest and throughout the hyperventilation bouts, while controlling V·Iand VT. Integrated EMG (IEMG) from the 3rd intercostal space was recorded during each minute of rest and hyperventilation. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that chest wall loading and hyperpnea significantly increased V·O2values (p < 0.01). External intercostal IEMG levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) at higher restrictive load (50 and 75 mm Hg) and at the highest minute ventilation (90 liters/min). These data suggest that there is a significant and quantifiable increase in the oxygen cost associated with external chest wall restriction which is directly related to the level of chest wall restriction.

In kidney allografts, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been described as recurrent, de novo, or a histological variant of chronic transplant glomerulopathy. We describe a unique case of de novo FSGS in a renal transplant not accompanied by any feature of rejection in a patient who had not been immunosuppressed for several years. A 58-year-old woman received a histoidentical living-related kidney transplant for end-stage renal disease due to chronic pyelonephritis. Twenty-four years after the transplant she voluntarily discontinued all immunosuppressive medication. Seven years later she presented with nephrotic syndrome, mild renal failure, and positive serology for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. The kidney transplant biopsy disclosed de novo FSGS. Features of acute or chronic rejection, including chronic transplant glomerulopathy, were not seen. The pathogenesis of this lesion is probably related to sustained and prolonged glomerular hyperfiltration; alternatively, HCV infection may have triggered or accelerated the appearance of FSGS.

Background:Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder. However, hyponatremia rarely results from excessive water intake, unless the kidney is unable to excrete free water, such as in patients on thiazide diuretics; in addition, hyponatremia is an uncommon cause of rhabdomyolysis. Methods:We present a 51-year-old hypertensive woman on chronic hydrochlorothiazide therapy who developed acute water intoxication and severe myalgias. Results:The patient developed acute hypotonic hyponatremia and subsequent rhabdomyolysis. We discuss the mechanisms responsible for the development of hyponatremia and its association with rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion:Muscle enzymes should be monitored in patients with acute hyponatremia who develop muscle pain, and hyponatremia-induced rhabdomyolysis must be considered in patients with myalgias receiving thiazide diuretics.

Clay soils frequently develop large cracks after irrigation. Infiltration equations therefore need to be modified to take cracking soil properties into account when modeling and optimizing furrow irrigation. In this article, we propose an infiltration equation for cracked soils, based on two parameters. Other parameters of the global model are assumed to be known (furrow length, shape, slope, and estimated roughness). One parameter is linked to the type of soil and is calibrated separately for the entire irrigation process. The second parameter takes soils' cracks into account and is calibrated in real time during the advance phase (before the water front overruns the middle of the plot). This global furrow irrigation model for cracked soils is derived from a conceptual approach and can be used either to predict in real time, water‐use efficiency during irrigation (infiltrated volume, runoff water losses, uniformity) or to optimize irrigation parameters (head flow, irrigation duration). The model was tested and validated on three irrigation applications on 60 furrows in a corn field in Tarascon in southeastern France. This conceptual model can be easily adapted to the statistical approach, which is based on the variability of water advance between the furrows.

This report describes three cases of unraveling of the platinum coil of the guide wire during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In one case the wire ruptured and required surgical removal. The exact cause of this phenomenon is not known, but wire entrapment may be a factor. This is more likely to occur with tortuous vessels. Precautions to avoid uncoiling and rupture of guide wires during coronary angioplasty are discussed.

We found NADPH-diaphorase (presumably identical with nitric oxide synthase) in pyramidal neurones of the hippocampus in slices that stayed in a chamber for 30 min longer. In some instances parallel slices showed normal membrane properties when studied electrophysiologically. In freshly made slices the pyramidal neurones were not stained. Thus, after induction of the enzyme, the hippocampal pyramidal neurones can synthesize nitric oxide which may serve as a retrograde messenger in long-term potentiation. The enzyme may also play a role in cell loss seen in slices which stayed in a chamber for 9–22 h before fixation.

In patients with granulomatous diseases, disturbances in calcium metabolism have been described. The aim of the study was to evaluate alterations in calcium metabolism in patients with tuberculosis. Forty patients with tuberculosis (TB) were studied in a baseline state (calcium intake 1000 mg/day). Fourteen of these patients were also studied after restrictive calcium diet (400 mg/calcium/day) and after a load of oral calcium of 1000 mg. In all the studies, calcium and phosphorus were measured in serum and urine, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in plasma. In addition, serum 250HD and l,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) levels were measured in the baseline state and after the restrictive diet. In the baseline state, 250HD levels were lower and urinary calcium higher in TB patients than in the control group. No patients had hypercalcemia, but hypercalciuria was present in 10 patients (25%). The patients with tuberculosis were divided according to the presence or absence of hypercalciuria. In both groups, the 250HD levels were lower than in controls. Hypercalciuric patients had lower plasma parathyroid hormone levels and higher serum calcitriol levels than the control group and the TB patients without hypercalciuria. Urinary calcium excretion after a calcium load was higher in TB patients with hypercalciuria than in controls. A positive correlation was found between the calcitriol levels and postcalcium load urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium hyperabsorption. These data indicate that absorptive hypercalciuria is frequently observed in patients with TB and is possible due to inappropriately high serum calcitriol levels.

1. Only one of 10 dogs submitted to 15 to 30 minutes of potassium citrate produced asystole was a long-term survival (90% mortality). 2. Ten dogs were submitted to 30 minutes of retroperfusion of the coronary sinus, and 4 died from cardiac causes, a 40% mortality. 3. Ten additional dogs were subjected to combination of 30 minutes retroperfusion and potassium citrate provoked asystole. Two of the 10 died from cardiac complications, mortality 20%. 4. Certain aspects of cardiac metabolism in the retroperfused heart with and without potassium citrate induced asystole have been studied in 10 dogs. There appears to be an additionally reduced degree of metabolism under these latter circumstances.

To provide information to help the clinician obtain a more accurate orientation of the maxillary cast on the articulator, cephalograms were made on 21 patients with complete dentures. The axis-orbital plane was the least variable, and the maxillary plane was the most variable.

Improper delineation of areas for palatal relief and posterior palatal seal in the construction of a prosthesis may cause inflammatory, necrotic, and premalignant tissue changes in the patient.

A Vermiculite from Beni-Uxera, North Africa, was refluxed with HC1 solutions of various concentrations to determine the effect of such a treatment on its surface area. The treated vermiculite was analyzed for “free” SiO2and by x-ray diffraction, and the refluxing solutions were analyzed for the cations removed from the vermiculite. Surface areas were determined by means of adsorption isotherms of n-butane at 0°C. The surface area of the acid-treated vermiculite increases with increase in concentration of the acid. Heating of the acid-treated samples or the natural samples decreases the surface area. The increase in surface area by acid treatment is due to destruction of the vermiculite and its conversion to a “free” form of SiO2which possesses a large surface area. x-Ray analysis indicated that this “free” SiO2was not present in the interlayer positions of the crystal lattice of vermiculite.

Introduction:Approximately 25% of strokes are classified as cryptogenic (CS), while greater than 50% have an identifiable or ‘known’ etiology (KS). Several studies have demonstrated that prolonged cardiac monitoring (PCM) after cryptogenic stroke substantially increases the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the yield of PCM in KS stroke is unknown. As a result, the majority of guidelines recommend restricting PCM to patients with cryptogenic stroke. If the detection of AF in KS is no different to cryptogenic stroke, it would suggest that this group too would similarly benefit from PCM, with the potential to impact therapeutic decisions (e.g. initiating anticoagulation).Methods:In a cross-sectional study, we compared AF detection by PCM (minimum of 48 hrs) between CS and KS patients without a previous diagnosis of AF. We developed a multivariate logistic regression model by including known and significant clinical, echocardiographic, and radiological factors known to be associated with the detection of AF. We reported results as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:We included 561 ischemic stroke patients, 376 with CS and 185 with KS. The median duration of PCM was 167h for CS and 48h for KS. AF was detected in 30 of 376 (8%) CS patients, and 20 of 185 (7.9%) KS patients. Age, history of thyroid disease, clinical presentation of dysarthria, wake-up stroke, and left atrial volume index on echocardiography were significantly associated with a new diagnosis of AF after stroke in the univariable analysis and were thus included in the logistic regression analysis. Additionally, duration of PCM was included in the multivariate model. After adjustment for potential confounders, AF detection by PCM was not significantly higher for CS than KS (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.25-3.32, P=0.94).Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge this is the first study directly comparing the incidence of AF between CS and KS as the pre-specified primary outcome. Our findings suggest that CS and KS patients have similar rates of AF detection by PCM. Future prospective research is required to confirm these findings and to determine the cost-effectiveness of PCM in non-cryptogenic stroke patients.

Recently developed peanut desensitization treatment reduces the incidence of allergic reactions, the anxiety associated with the risk of accidental exposure, and the burden of precautionary behavior. Eliciting parent preferences for tradeoffs involving treatment effectiveness, tolerability, costs, and convenience quantifies the burden of juvenile peanut allergy and the perceived value of peanut desensitization therapies.

This work reports on the use of protein engineering as a versatile tool to rationally design metal-binding proteins for the synthesis of highly photoluminescent protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters (Prot-AuNCs). The use of a single repeat protein scaffold allowed the incorporation of a set of designed metal-binding sites to understand the effect of the metal-coordinating residues and the protein environment on the photoluminescent (PL) properties of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). The resulting Prot-AuNCs, synthesized by two sustainable procedures, showed size-tunable color emission and outstanding PL properties. In a second stage, tryptophan (Trp) residues were introduced at specific positions to provide an electron-rich protein environment and favor energy transfer from Trps to AuNCs. This modification resulted in improved PL properties relevant for future applications in sensing, biological labeling, catalysis, and optics.

Among all conducting polymers, PEDOT or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) has a special place within the field of organic electronics due to its outstanding conductivity, stability, and processability. Since PEDOT was first synthesized in the late 1980s, a massive amount of knowledge has been accumulated about its morphological, structural, electrical, and optical properties, along with its applications in various devices. Notably, however, is that the vast majority of the reports in the field are purely experimental, without any theoretical support from simulation and modeling. In many other fields of material science, molecular modeling has already become a standard tool for guiding the experimental work. For PEDOT, the lack of the theoretical understanding of many important aspects of the material properties and device functionality leads to misconceptions and controversial issues hindering the progress in the field. The purpose of this Perspective is to fill the knowledge gaps and to present the current state-of-the art of the theoretical understanding of PEDOT. As theoretical understanding is essential to correctly interpretate experimental results and for the design of materials and devices with better performance, this Perspective targets equally experimental and theoretical communities working on PEDOT and related materials. We also hope that this Perspective will attract further attention of the computational community, which would help to bring the theoretical understanding of PEDOT to the levels already achieved in many other fields of material science.

This case report presents a 27-year-old woman who comes to the emergency department in South Florida with a chief complaint of an 8-hour history of high fever, nausea, and general malaise.

Major depressive disorder is a common medical problem, frequently resistant to antidepressant treatments. We sought to describe functional connectivity correlates of response and non-response to rapid-acting antidepressants in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

This article discusses ways to maximize training for distance runners. It illustrates how runners can strengthen the legs, especially in eccentric hill running. The article also gives instructions on eccentric back squats, isolated reverse press, isolated leg balance, and eccentric two-leg reverse press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers programs which show how to incorporate the right blend of balance and power into the sprinting program. It mentions on single leg backbridge which involves lying the back on the ball and with one leg in contact with the ground. It notes on balance on wobble board program which involves balancing each leg on the board. It cites the stadium hops exercise which uses aluminum stadium that provides softer landing.

The article discusses the efficacy of using a wetsuit in developing the speed of a 100-meter sprint athlete in the U.S. It notes that a wetsuit are made up of neoprene rubber with thickness ranging from 3-millimeter (mm) to 6mm to fit individual need. Those particular wetsuits are suited for sprinters for it provides enough resistance and/or restriction in the athlete's movement to be effective. Moreover, it also ensures the normal range of movement of the sprinter.