Search

The article deals with the phenomenon of gaps in legal terminology of the English language from the point of view of its Russian translation. The author analyzes the approaches to understanding lexical gaps. Examples of terminological gaps have been selected from English-English explanatory dictionaries. The selected terminological units have no equivalents in legal terminology of the Russian language. The study reveals the role of the commentary in rendering the meaning of terminological gaps. While considering the factors determining the existence of gaps, the author pays attention to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The research revealed a number of lexical gaps among the terms of international law. English-Russian termninological dictionaries in some cases contain the explanations of notional gaps. The use of transliteration is a signal of notional gap. The conclusion is made about the connection between the perception of gaps and the structures of one’s mother tongue. The social and historical character of the gaps under study has been proved to be well-grounded. The author emphasizes the importance of detailed definitions for adequate rendering of the gaps.

Traveloka.com is one of the famous online travel agents to make hotel reservation in Indonesia. Consumers making online hotel reservation can sometimes find that the performance of the website does not meet their needs. This study is to analyze the gap between hotel consumer expectations and perceptions on the website dimensions of traveloka.com. It is a quantitative method with 150 respondents who made hotel re­ser­vations through traveloka.com. The analysis techniques used are mean test and paired t-test. The results show that there are significant gaps between consumer expectations and perceptions on the website dimensions of traveloka.com. The biggest gap is on the images displayed which are in accordance with the real conditions.

Background and purpose: Trauma scoring systems help physicians and nurses in recognizing the severity of trauma and its management. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the predictive ability of mortality rates of two trauma scoring systems (MGAP and GAP) in multiple trauma patients. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the data available in electronic records for trauma patients admitted to Rasht Poorsina Hospital, Iran. Demographic data, and GAP and MGAP (Mechanism, Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Pressure) scores for 1541 patients were extracted. Then, the ability of both scores in short-term (24 hours) and long-term (4-week) mortality prediction rates was analyzed using SPSS V21. Results: The surface areas under the curve ratio of ROC for predicting short-term mortality rates were 0.947 and 0.938, and for long-term mortality rates were 0.928 and 0.914 for GAP and MGAP, respectively (P

The effect of a hollow riser on the upper heat dissipation of 76 tons and 8 corners ingots is studied by numerical simulation in this paper. Through the simulation of the heat transfer of the traditional riser, the 1 gap riser and the 2 gaps riser ingot, this paper draws a conclusion that the solidification time of the riser part of the riser is the longest in the 2 gaps scheme, and the solidification time of the central molten steel is 31417s, which is far higher than the other two schemes. The heat flux in the riser of the 2 gaps scheme is obviously larger than the other two schemes, which slows down the advance of the solidification front. The 2 gaps scheme is stronger than the other two schemes for reducing the cooling speed of the riser line center and the shoulder joint. It is particularly significant to reduce the cooling rate of the shoulder joints, which is more conducive to expanding the angle of the solidification front and fully filling.

This paper analyses the impact of literacy skills on wage differences between natives and immigrants, using Austria as a case study. We show that, for both groups, literacy skills are an important determinant of the hourly wage. In the second step, we show that differences in proficiency with respect to literacy can explain more than 30% of the total wage gap of 11 log points between natives and immigrants. When adding literacy skills to the wage decomposition, the unexplained part vanishes almost completely, suggesting that the wage difference between immigrants and natives can, to a large extent, be explained. The importance of literacy skills in explaining wage differences between natives and immigrants is robust across several sensitivity tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the Weyl essential spectrum of a sequence of closed multivalued linear operators converging in the generalized sense, we seek a counterpart of this convergence for closed linear relations as defined by Kato (Perturbation theory for linear operators, 2nd edn. Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 132. Springer, Berlin, 1976). Furthermore, we apply the obtained results to determine the Weyl essential spectrum of a 2 × 2 matrix of closed multivalued linear operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optical Coherence Tomography shows real-time 3D internal defects in composites. • Tested light-cured bulk-filled materials mainly showed inner voids and cracks. • New flowable bulk-fill material achieved sound restoration with high irradiance. • Flowable bulk-fill composites showed lower defect and better degree of conversion. • Light settings affected defects formation but not degree of conversion. The study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) and micro Raman microscopy (mRM) to investigate internal defect (ID) and degree of conversion (DC) of two bulk-fill composite systems with high-irradiance or conventional light polymerization settings. The ID and DC of the new bulk-fill composites; Tetric PowerFill (PwrPst) and Tetric PowerFlow (PwrFlw) were compared with the predecessor bulk-fill composites; Tetric EvoCeram Bulkfill (EvoPst) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulkfill (EvoFlw), using LED light curing unit in two settings; normal (LED-Nrm: 1000 mW/cm2, 10-s) or PowerCure (LED-Pwr: 3000 mW/cm2, 3-s). ID formation was observed in bonded cylindrical composite cavities (4-mm depth, 3-mm diameter) using Yoshida Dental OCT. From the vertically projected 2D image, ID area percentage (ID-A%) was calculated. DC at the top and bottom and bottom/top DC ratio (DC-R%) of 4-mm thick discs was calculated using mRM. All data were statistically analyzed at significance level of α = 0.05. Flowable composites in LED-Pwr showed smaller ID frequencies than other groups (PwrFlw: 0/8, EvoFlw: 2/8) (p < 0.05). Composite type significantly affected ID-A%, DC and DC-R% (p < 0.001), while light settings significantly affected ID-A% but not DC and DC-R% (p > 0.05). In both light settings, EvoPst showed the lowest DC-R% (<80%). Internal defect and degree of conversion of bulk-fill composites were affected by their composition and light settings. There was a tendency for less defects and better polymerization for the flowable bulk-fills. The new flowable bulk-fill composite with 3-seconds high irradiance light curing showed no defect formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a member of small GTPase family, KRAS protein is a key physiological modulator of various cellular activities including proliferation. However, mutations of KRAS present in numerous cancer types, most frequently in pancreatic (> 60%), colorectal (> 40%), and lung cancers, drive oncogenic processes through overactivation of proliferation. The G12C mutation of KRAS protein is especially abundant in the case of these types of malignancies. Despite its key importance in human disease, KRAS was assumed to be non-druggable for a long time since the protein seemingly lacks potential drug-binding pockets except the nucleotide-binding site, which is difficult to be targeted due to the high affinity of KRAS for both GDP and GTP. Recently, a new approach broke the ice and provided evidence that upon covalent targeting of the G12C mutant KRAS, a highly dynamic pocket was revealed. This novel targeting is especially important since it serves with an inherent solution for drug selectivity. Based on these results, various structure-based drug design projects have been launched to develop selective KRAS mutant inhibitors. In addition to the covalent modification strategy mostly applicable for G12C mutation, different innovative solutions have been suggested for the other frequently occurring oncogenic G12 mutants. Here we summarize the latest advances of this field, provide perspectives for novel approaches, and highlight the special properties of KRAS, which might issue some new challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study set out to gather views and perspectives from biomedical researchers and policymakers in Malaysia on the impact of biomedical research findings on health policies in Malaysia. This was a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews conducted among 30 key opinion leaders who were experienced biomedical researchers, key officials from MOH who had involved in policymaking, and public health program managers in Malaysia. The biomedical researchers were identified from the database of funded biomedical projects (2005-2015) in MOH, MOHE, and MOSTI while the policymakers were identified from the MOH official website. All the interview sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were subsequently analysed with thematic analysis approach. From the results of the interviews, three themes emerged: i) Ministry of Health Malaysia develops health policies and health programs based on evidences collected from local and global data and research findings. However, sometimes due to the limited studies done locally, the ministry has to adopt research data and findings from the global evidences; ii) two-way communications between the policymakers and researchers are lacking, where the policymakers communicate their research needs and the researchers share their research findings with the policymakers; iii) there should be a platform or nexus between researchers and policymakers to interact so that major research findings can be shared and interventions planned together. In conclusion, it was found that missing two-way communications between researchers and policymakers could lead to low uptake of local research findings into health policy. The missing nexus between the researchers and policymakers needs to be seriously looked into so that effective bridges could be built to fill in the communication gap to maximise impact of research on health policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a theoretical study on electronic structure and chemical trends of zinc-blende GaP under compression up to 100 kbar obtained from a pseudopotential approach calculations. The influence of high pressure on the features of interest has been examined and reported. The dynamics of chemical bonds in the compound in question is investigated by analyzing the profiles of the electron charge densities. Our findings show generally a good accord with experiment. The present study can contribute in the understanding of the pressure effects on the electronic properties and chemical bonding of GaP material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the utility of Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) scores, and Emergency Trauma Score (EMTRAS) in multiple trauma patients for the prediction of mortality in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: In this observational diagnostic accuracy study, a consecutive convenience sample of all adult patients (older than 16 years) with multiple trauma (injuries confined to at least two body regions) admitted to the trauma bay of the ED during the shifts of the researchers was used. Presence of ED mortality was recorded, and RTS, EMTRAS, and GAP scores were calculated at the analysis stage of this study. Results: The study sample included 279 multiple trauma patients. Of the 279 patients, 13 (4.7%) died in the ED. Among the 266 patients who survived to hospital admission, 3 were lost to-follow-up (foreigner patients). In the following 30 days, 28 more patients were lost, 23 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (23/62, 37.1%), 4 in the wards (4/131, 3.1%), and 1 after discharge (1/73, 0.1%). The prognostic accuracies (AUC) of RTS, EMTRAS, and GAP were 0.92, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively, for ED mortality. Conclusion: In this study, all trauma scores performed similar in the ED for the prediction of ED mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve stall characteristics more effectively or eliminate dynamic stall in a revolution of vertical axis wind turbine, three kinds of novel flow-deflecting-gap (FDG) blade were designed and investigated numerically, including two-side FDG blade, toward-outside FDG blade and toward-inside FDG blade. Firstly, the aerodynamic characteristics of isolated flow-deflecting-gap blade were obtained and its effect was illustrated. Then, the investigation on aerodynamic characteristic of novel SB-VAWT was conducted. The obtained results indicated that compared to clean airfoil, FDG enhances the stalling angle of attack (AOA) by 2° and increases lift-drag ratio at high AOA. Furthermore, FDG significantly decreases the frequency of vortex shedding and greatly reduces amplitude of lift oscillation. For a vertical axis wind turbine, toward-inside FDG can efficiently decrease the optimal tip-speed ratio and improve the aerodynamic performance at low tip-speed ratio. Additionally, an increase of 10.21% of torque coefficient is caused by toward-inside FDG. Jet flow in FDG towards leading edge offsets the swirling flow over the suction surface and the trailing-edge vortex produced by bluff edge is also weakened or even eliminated by FDG. • A novel blade (FDG) was designed and the aerodynamic performance of single FDG blade was numerically investigated. • The optimal FDG was applied to vertical axis wind turbine and comprehensive aerodynamic performance of VAWT was studied. • For VAWT, FDG decreases the optimal TSR and obtains a higher torque. • The separation scale over the suction surface is shrunk and trailing-edge vortex is restrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato is a mostly used ingredient of the world kitchens which therefore leads to important health jeopardy due to chemicals used in the production. Tomatoes produced under a certification control address to the consumer concern about their health due to what they eat. This paper aims at eliciting consumers' in and out of season willingness to pay for tomatoes produced with alternative systems, GAP, ecological and local, over conventionally produced tomato in urban Turkey. Heckman models were used to estimate coefficients that are necessary to calculate willingness to pay under the Ravenswaay and Hoehn approach. The data was collected from 541 consumers on the basis of the revealed preference across Turkey, from seven geographical regions. Heckman models were estimated with the dependent variable of household demand and the independent variables of price, expenditure and dummy variables representing production systems. It was detected that Heckman models should be used for the estimation of tomato demand due to statistically significant lambdas. Consumers in Turkey are willing to pay for tomatoes produced with alternative systems and tend to pay a price premium for tomatoes produced with alternative systems in the natural production season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare interpositional arthroplasty using a dermis fat graft with gap arthroplasty in the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We organised a prospective randomised study of 22 patients who presented with ankylosis of the TMJ. They were randomised to be treated with either plain gap arthroplasty or dermis fat arthroplasty, and the predictor variable was the method of treatment. The primary outcome variables were mouth opening and pain on jaw exercises. Pain and interincisal opening were measured on day 5, day 14, at the end of one month, and at six months, one year, two years, and three years. There was a significant difference between the two groups on two occasions: postoperative day 5 (p = 0.013) and at one year (p = 0.018). The mean (SD) scores for mouth-opening were higher in the dermis fat group at all times (41.20 (4.69) mm compared with 39.50 (2.46) mm in gap arthroplasty at two years, and 41.40 (3.60) mm compared with 38.9 (2.02) mm at three years). The visual analogue pain scores were also lower in the dermis fat graft group. The groups showed similar results at the end of three years follow up, with no significant difference in mouth opening. We conclude therefore that the two techniques have similar outcomes in the management of ankylosis of the TMJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to compare the liquidity profile of banks with NBFCs to examine how NBFCs perform under stringent RBI and BCBS guidelines although the business model of both are not fully identical. Three NBFC-D and three NBFC-ND-SI have been selected based on their income size in descending order. The maturity pattern of assets and liabilities indicate that all sample NBFCs reveals a positive gap and healthy gap ratio up to 1 month time bucket. The liquidity coverage ratio specifies that the stock of liquid assets are not required to service liabilities since cash inflows up to one month are more than outflows for all NBFCs. While comparing liquidity profile with commercial banks it is observed that on all the measures except Loan To Deposit ratio, NBFCs performed better despite their limited stock of public deposits. The results might change in the current year i.e. after ILF&S collapses. This paper is believed to be the first attempt discussing on liquidity risk of NBFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fuses are commonly used to provide medium voltage (MV) protection to distribution transformers. Unfortunately, there are certain deficiencies introduced when primary-side fuses are used. In paper mill power systems, given the unique organization of the paper mill loads around individual feeders to facilitate load shedding, it may be advantageous to provide transformer differential relay protection from the primary of the transformer to the load side of the main secondary breaker instead of primary fuse protection. This protection can then trip either a primary-side grounding switch (with fuses) or a primary-side feeder circuit breaker using a fiber or a WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) connection. Protection against overload is provided by a secondary main circuit breaker and by design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a separable Hilbert space ℋ , two frames { f i } i ∈ I and { g i } i ∈ I are said to be woven if there are constants 0 < A ≤ B so that for every σ ⊂ I , { f i } i ∈ σ ∪ { g i } i ∈ σ c forms a frame for ℋ with the universal bounds A , B. This paper provides methods of constructing woven frames. In particular, bounded linear operators are used to create woven frames from a given frame. Several examples are discussed to validate the results. Moreover, the notion of woven frame sequences is introduced and characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate intercompartmental load intraoperatively with a sensor after conventional gap balancing with a tensiometer during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: Fifty sensor-assisted TKA procedures were performed prospectively between August and September 2018 with a cruciate-retaining prosthesis. After applying a modified measured resection technique, conventional balancing between resected surfaces was achieved. The equal and rectangular flexion-extension gaps were confirmed using a tensiometer at 90° and 5°-7° (due to posterior tibial slope) of knee flexion. Then, the load distribution was evaluated intraoperatively with a sensor placed on trial implants in the positions of knee flexion (90° flexion) and extension (10° flexion).Results: The proportion of coronal load imbalance (medial load - lateral load ≥  ± 15 lb) was 56% in extension and 32% in flexion (p = 0.023). The proportion of sagittal load imbalance (extension load - flexion load ≥  ± 15 lb) was 36% in the medial compartment and 4% in the lateral compartment (p < 0.001). An additional procedure for load balancing was performed in 74% of knees.Conclusions: Coronal and sagittal load imbalances existed as determined by the sensor even after the achievement of appropriate conventional gap balance. The additional rebalancing procedure was performed for balanced loads in 74% of the knees after conventional balancing. The use of an intraoperative load sensor offers the advantage of direct evaluation of the load on TKA implants.Level Of Evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate GAP scores in an asymptomatic cohort of adults, including older adults with age-expected changes in spinal alignment.Methods: One hundred and twenty asymptomatic volunteers underwent full-body radiographic scans. Demographics and sagittal radiographic parameters (pelvic incidence, sacral slope, L1-S1 lordosis, L4-S1 lordosis, and global tilt) were measured and GAP scores calculated ( www.gapcalculator.com ). Mann-Whitney U test compared groups.Results: Eighty-five individuals (65 female, average age 48 ± 16 years, BMI 27 ± 6 kg/cm2) were analyzed. The median GAP score was that of a proportioned spine (0, range 0-10). 20% were moderately disproportioned and 6% were severely disproportioned. The mean relative pelvic version, relative lumbar lordosis (RLL), lumbar distribution index (LDI), and relative spinopelvic alignment were all considered aligned, although the mean RLL and LDI scores were both greater than 1. When categorized by age (< 60 years, ≥ 60 years), the median GAP score of the younger group was 0 (normal), while the median GAP score of the older cohort was 1 (normal) and different from the younger group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Most patients in this asymptomatic, nonoperative cohort were normally proportioned. However, a large percentage of asymptomatic volunteers were moderately or severely disproportioned. Older patients had higher scores, indicating some disproportion. There was also a small number of severely sagittally misaligned and poorly proportioned, yet asymptomatic, volunteers. Further refinement of individualized targets is needed to determine the effect on mechanical complications and quality of life given the divergent recommendations of age-adjusted targets and GAP targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world, accounting for about 25% of global production, 27% of consumption and 34% of food use. More than two-third area and production has been obtained from the six states of India viz., Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. India is leading importer and about 20% of the total pulses demands are met by imports only due to the stagnant production over the years. To reduce the demand-supply gap, government of India launched various programmes in pulses. However, prime attention is required to meet the food security challenges, especially in case of pulse production. These crops are only the option to cure the sick land which is ill by chemical based modern cultivation. In order to enhance and sustain the pulse productivity at high levels, the development and promotion of pulse production technology need greater attention so that technology is widely adopted by the majority of farmers. The paper addresses the present scenario, bottleneck and focus on the way forward for sustaining/improving pulses production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GAP was implemented in the predominantly Kurdish populated southeastern Turkey. • GAP included the construction of 22 dams, 19 HPPs, and extensive irrigation schemes. • Through GAP, the Turkish state established itself as a design-power in the region. • Design-power is a created through a combination of power, knowledge, and exclusion. • GAP aimed to produce a new geography, assimilating the region into modern Turkey. The Foucauldian concept of power-knowledge has been a useful lens to study the idea, discourse, and practice of development. Since the 1980s, many scholars have employed this critical framework to unearth the overlooked power relations created and altered by the concept of development in general, and development projects in particular. This article contributes to this debate by advancing and enriching this perspective. Analyzing a broad number of official sources supporting Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi , GAP) and drawing theoretically on the concept of power of Michel Foucault and absences of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, we argue that GAP is part of a state strategy to produce southeastern Turkey by design and the representation of lack. We develop a framework that helps us understand the narratives on the project as a design of absences, a design-power that works as a particular form of power-knowledge. In the terrain of absences, design has become the way to exercise power together with the observation of geography and population. The absences created by the development discourse become a key-feature of design-power. In this sense, GAP is design-power to produce a new region and new subjectivities and works as a particular form of power-knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have optimized Anti‐Glare (AG) surface topography. However, the optical properties of AG ("Sparkle", "Diffusion", and "Transmissive Distinct of Image") depend not only on the AG topography, but also on the structure of the module. We will show the complicated dependence and show the direction to improve AG optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the actual conditions in the discharge gap is a matter of large interest in area of WEDM. It is known that gap width and the presence of electrically conductive debris particles are the dominant factors affecting dielectric breakdown strength. Whereas, little information of that in WEDM is available, probably because of the difficult access to inter-electrode gap, wire vibration, etc. In this work the results of experimental observations of debris composition, morphology and size distribution of particles in WEDM are presented. A device designed to collect water from the working region and a set of WEDM experiments have been proposed. Techniques such as Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, laser diffraction, SEM and TEM have been used to characterize WEDM debris. Results show that debris in the gap is dominated by the presence of Cu-Zn from the wire. The presence of spherical particles in the range 1-20 μm has been confirmed. Histograms of particle volume and amount have been obtained, revealing the presence of massive amount of sub-micron and nanometric particles, most of them oxides of metals coming from the electrodes. The conclusions will be useful for future simulation work about particle movement and electrical fields in the working gap in WEDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been shown that locally measuring coercive force based on the magnitude of demagnetizing current has a fundamental limitation on the measurement range. We have demonstrated the expediency of measuring coercive force in ferromagnetic objects locally, based on the magnitude of the tangential component of the magnetic field in the interpole space on the surface of the test object, that is, based on the internal field. This allows one to expand the range of measured values by several times. Also, the influence of the gap between the transducer and the object, as well as the shape and size of test objects on the measurement results is significantly reduced. This makes it possible to measure the absolute values of of homogeneous ferromagnetic objects, as well as the coercive force of objects with nonferromagnetic coatings of considerable thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interscientific Health Care is the property of University of Thessaly, Medical School / Technological Education Institute, Nursing Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article argues that the view that theories are constitutive of their object of study is useful for reflecting on the role of theories in the analysis of European foreign policy. A key concept used to study the constitutive role of theories is performativity. The article illustrates its relevance through a study of the use of the concept of a capability–expectations gap. On the basis of this study, the article also makes the point that research on European foreign policy does not unambiguously construct the EU as an ideal power Europe (of which normative power Europe is a part), as the use of the capability–expectations gap concept does not draw on the ideal power Europe discourse. The concept is mainly used as a critical label to describe EU foreign policy and applications of the concept end up by concluding that the EU is an international actor with quasi‐permanent shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants is the property of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prepulse inhibition (PPI), the suppression of the startle reflex when the startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse), can be enhanced by selective attention to the prepulse with a marked prepulse-feature specificity. To determine if the attentional modulation of PPI in rats can also be perceptual location specific, this study investigated whether fear-conditioning of a prepulse perceived at a location can enhance PPI only when the conditioned prepulse is perceived at that conditioned location. A continuous narrowband noise (NBN) was delivered by each of the two spatially separated loudspeakers in the frontal azimuth with a silent gap embedded in each NBN. The inter-loudspeaker interval was 1 ms (either left or right loudspeaker leading). Due to the precedence effect, both the NBN and gap images were perceived at the leading loudspeaker. The perceptually fused gap was used as the prepulse. To fear-condition one gap prepulse, which was perceived at one loudspeaker, the prepulse was paired with footshock in a temporally precise manner and the other gap (the conditioning-control prepulse) perceived at the other (opposite) loudspeaker was paired with footshock in a random manner. Compared to PPI before conditioning, PPI induced by the fear-conditioned gap perceived at the fear-conditioned loudspeaker, but not that by the conditioning-control gap, was significantly enhanced. Thus, attentional modulation of PPI can be not only prepulse-feature specific, but also perceptual location specific, and involves combined central processes for content and location information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ko Losin, the southernmost offshore islet in the Gulf of Thailand is one of the most naturally, less anthropogenic disturbed coral reefs in Thailand and the home of the major sessile organisms: corals and sponges. This study aims to investigate the natural patterns of association (interactions) between marine sponges and the associated organisms. The types of interaction were classified into 4 categories: Gap, Overgrown, Tissue contact, and Overgrow. The investigation focused on four genera of sponges: Chondrilla, Hyrtios, Cinachyrella, and Xestospongia. Chondrillid sponge showed the high frequency of inhabiting associated organisms. Some hermatypic corals such as Montiporian corals and Porites corals were highly proportioned to the associated organisms. The gap and overgrown interactions were recorded in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: A nondestructive test (NDT) method to detect gaps between railway track slabs and soil foundation using leaked air waves. Gaps generated underneath railway track slabs may cause unstable conditions. Such gaps can form because of different reasons, including settlement of soft soil, unsuitable construction of a concrete slab on loosely compacted soil, and drastic stiffness change in a transition zone between the bridge deck and embankment. The gaps underneath railway track slabs are not easily detectable by common nondestructive test methods. A nondestructive test (NDT) based on a wavelet time–frequency concept is proposed for the practical purpose of detecting gaps under track slabs. The method uses a microphone sensor to catch leaked Rayleigh acoustic waves in the air and an accelerometer to measure surface Rayleigh waves on the slab. In order to investigate the possibility of developing the test system, a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to simulate Rayleigh wave generation on the concrete surface and in the air. A test system module composed of a microphone and an accelerometer, data acquisition system (DAQ), and an analyzer program was also assembled for a small backyard pilot test. It was verified that the new NDT test system could be successfully adapted for detecting gaps underneath railway track slabs and track bed soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular resistance is a major determinant of BP and is controlled, in large part, by RhoA-dependent smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction within small peripheral arterioles and previous studies from our lab indicate that GRAF3 is a critical regulator of RhoA in vascular SMC. The elevated contractile responses we observed in GRAF3 deficient vessels coupled with the hypertensive phenotype provided a mechanistic link for the hypertensive locus recently identified within the GRAF3 gene. On the basis of our previous findings that the RhoA signaling axis also controls SMC contractile gene expression and that GRAF3 expression was itself controlled by this pathway, we postulated that GRAF3 serves as an important counter-regulator of SMC phenotype. Indeed, our new findings presented herein indicate that GRAF3 expression acts as a pressure-sensitive rheostat to control vessel tone by both reducing calcium sensitivity and restraining expression of the SMC-specific contractile proteins that support this function. Collectively, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic value of GRAF3 in the control of human hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure of Ga0,7Bi0,3 has been studied by means of X-ray diffraction method reverse Monte–Carlo simulations at different temperatures. Temperature dependences of structure factors and parameters obtained from them are analysed. Most probable interatomic distances, mean and mean root square distances have been calculated from pair correlation functions and used for estimation of thermal expansion coefficients at short-range-order scale. It is shown that untypical behaviour of these coefficients is related to free volume evolution from critical point to higher temperatures. Based on the temperature dependencies of partial interatomic distances and coordination numbers, as well as free volume distribution, a temperature interval of transition of a melt from a microheterogeneous to a microhomogeneous state was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Use of the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) has increased internationally under the assumption that it reduces the stillbirth rate. The evidence for this is limited and based largely on an ecological time-trend study. Discordance in the uptake of the GAP program between Scotland and England/Wales enabled us to assess the assertion that implementation of GAP leads to a reduced stillbirth rate.Methods: We analyzed data from the National Records for Scotland and the Office for National Statistics on the number of singleton maternities and stillbirths in Scotland and in England and Wales, respectively, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2015. National uptake of the GAP program over time in each of the regions was recorded. Stillbirth rate per 1000 maternities was calculated, according to year of delivery, and compared between Scotland and England/Wales.Results: During the study period, there were 870 632 singleton maternities in Scotland, of which 4243 were stillbirths, and there were 10 469 120 singleton maternities in England and Wales, of which 51 562 were stillbirths. There was a marked difference in uptake of the GAP program between the two regions, with substantially fewer maternity units in Scotland implementing the program. Stillbirth rates were static up to 2010, with a decline thereafter in both regions, to 3.75 (95% CI, 3.25-4.30) per 1000 maternities in Scotland and 4.30 (95% CI, 4.15-4.46) per 1000 maternities in England and Wales in 2015. From 2010 onwards, the decline in Scotland was faster, equating to 48 (95% CI, 47.9-48.1) fewer stillbirths per 100 000 maternities in Scotland than in England and Wales from 2010 to 2015 compared with 2000 to 2009.Conclusions: We observed a decline in stillbirth rate in England and Wales, which coincided with implementation of the GAP program. However, a concurrent decline in stillbirth rate was observed in Scotland in the absence of increased implementation of GAP. The secular rates of change in stillbirth rate in England and Wales cannot be used to infer efficacy of the GAP program. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We took advantage of two natural experiments to investigate processes that regulate tree recruitment in gaps. In the first, we examined the recruitment of small and large saplings and trees into 31 gaps resulting from treefalls occurring between 1984 and 2015 in the 2.25‐ha core area of a 4‐ha tree plot at Cocha Cashu in Perú. In the second, we identified the tallest saplings recruiting into 69 gaps created during a violent wind storm in February 2000. In the established tree plot, we were able to compare the composition of saplings in the disturbance zones of gaps prior to, during, and subsequent to the period of gap formation. Recruitment in gaps was compared with that in "nofall" zones, areas within the plot that had not experienced a treefall at least since the early 1980s. Our results confirmed earlier findings that a consistently high proportion (~60%) of established saplings survived gap formation. Light demanding species, as proxied by mortality rates, recruited under all conditions, but preferentially during periods of gap formation, a pattern that was especially strong among gap pioneers. Similar results were noted, separately, for small and large saplings and trees recruiting at ≥10 cm dbh. One hundred percent of previously untagged trees recruiting into gaps in the first post‐disturbance census were gap pioneers, suggesting rapid development. This conclusion was strongly supported in a follow‐up survey taken of 69 gaps 19 months after they had been synchronously created in a wind storm. Ten species of gap pioneers, eight of which are not normally present in the advance regeneration, had attained heights of 6–10 m in 19 months. The 10 gap pioneers were dispersed, variously, by primates, bats, birds, and wind and reached maximum frequency in different‐sized gaps (range <100 m2 to >1,000 m2). Both gap size and limited dispersal of zoochorous species into gaps serve as filters for establishment, creating a complex mosaic of conditions that enhances species diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to calculate bone resection thicknesses and resulting gap sizes, simulating a measured resection mechanical alignment (MA) technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: MA bone resections were simulated on 1000 consecutive lower limb CT scans from patients undergoing TKA. Femoral rotation was aligned with either the surgical trans-epicondylar axis (TEA) or with 3° of external rotation to the posterior condyles (PC). Imbalances in the extension space, flexion space, medial compartment and lateral compartment were calculated.Results: Extension space imbalances (≥ 3 mm) occurred in 25% of varus and 54% of valgus knees and severe imbalances (≥ 5 mm) were present in up to 8% of varus and 19% of valgus knees. Higher flexion space imbalance rates were created with TEA versus PC (p < 0.001). Using TEA, only 49% of varus and 18% of valgus knees had < 3 mm of imbalance throughout the extension and flexion spaces, and medial and lateral compartments.Conclusion: A systematic use of the simulated measured resection MA technique for TKA leads to many cases with imbalance. Some imbalances may not be correctable surgically and may result in TKA instability. Modified versions of the MA technique or other alignment methods that better reproduce knee anatomies should be explored.Level Of Evidence: 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excitability in astroglia is controlled by Ca2+ fluxes from intracellular organelles, mostly from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Astrocytic ER possesses inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R) that can be activated upon stimulation through a vast number of metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptors. By contrast, the role of Ca2+-gated Ca2+ release channels is less explored in astroglia. Here we address this process by monitoring Ca2+ dynamics directly in the cytosol and the ER of astroglial cells. Cultured astrocytes exhibited spontaneous and high-K-evoked cytosolic Ca2+ transients, both of them reversibly abolished by external Ca2+ removal, addition of plasma membrane channel blockers or ER Ca2+ depletion with SERCA inhibitors. Resting astrocyte [Ca2+]ER averaged 400 μM and maximal stimulation with ATP provoked a complete and reversible ER discharge. Direct monitoring of Ca2+ in the lumen of ER showed that high-K induced a Ca2+ release from the ER, and its amplitude was proportional to the [K]. Furthermore, by combining the low affinity GAP3 indicator targeted to the ER with the high affinity cytosolic Rhod-2, we simultaneously imaged ER- and cytosolic-Ca2+ signals, in astrocytes in culture and in situ. Plasma membrane Ca2+ entry triggered a fast ER Ca2+ release coordinated with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Thus, we identify a Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release (CICR) mechanism that is likely to participate in spontaneous astroglial oscillations, providing a graded amplification of the cytosolic Ca2+ signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the original experience of a Child-Parents care in a MedicoPsychological Centre in the Paris suburbs. A weekly, free reception, open to all, provided by several members of the team, answers topical issues in terms of availability and care and also brings the advantage of having a direct observation of the children. In the current difficult context of public child psychiatry, this space-time is an opportunity to pay particular attention to welcoming families, by facilitating access to the MédicoPsychological Center and creating unusual conditions for meeting parents, as well as allow them to reweave the social ties. Aiming at identifying disorders in children, the child-parents care helps build confidence with the families who can request special care for their children if necessary and it leads to their possible compliance with the caregiver process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We show that the third cohomology of the finite general linear group GL 6 (F 2) with trivial mod 2 coefficients is non-zero. The necessarily unique non-trivial element restricts to the third Milgram–Priddy class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of plasma-treated leno weaved ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber placement on gap formation and microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of a bulk-fill composite in deep cavity. Resin composite molds (3 mm width, 4 mm depth) were treated with Clearfil SE Bond 2 and restored with 3 techniques : (1) Surefil SDR flow (SDR) placed in bulk (BLK), (2) SDR placed in two unequal increments (INC) and (3) SDR placed after an increment of SDR placed with wetted polyethylene fiber (Ribbond Ultra) at the cavity floor (FRC). As a control, the cavities were bulk-filled with SDR and no bonding agent (n = 12). All the specimens were subjected to real-time and 3D imaging by SS-OCT (1330 nm) to calculate the total volume of gap formed (mm3) at the cavity floor and between the composite increments. For MTBS, the occlusal cavities of the similar dimensions (3 × 3 × 4 mm3) were prepared on extracted molars with similar composite placement techniques (BLK, INC and FRC). After 24 h 37 °C water storage, the specimens were sectioned using a diamond saw to create 0.7 × 0.7 mm2 beams for MTBS, and subjected to bond testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data for both tests was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and multiple-comparisons with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). The gap volumes were different among the groups (p < 0.05). The largest cavity floor gaps (mm3) were observed in the control group (2.00 ± 0.08); followed by BLK (0.74 ± 0.20) and INC (0.02 ± 0.01). In FRC, the cavity floor was gap-free in all specimens but some separation was observed between the two increments. MTBS values (MPa) were 13.8 ± 7.6, 31.7 ± 12.5 and 28.3 ± 8.5 for BLK, INC and FRC groups. There was no significant difference between FRC and INC and both were different from BLK (p < 0.05). Gap formation of the bulk-fill composite at cavity floor was significantly reduced with the placement of a fiber-reinforced increment at the base of the deep preparation. The fiber-reinforced increment acts as a shrinkage stress breaker and protects the bonded interface at deep dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the goal of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The endoscopic ablation system (EAS) is associated with a high rate of persistent PVI. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and pattern of conduction gaps in patients with arrhythmia recurrence after an EAS-guided PVI.Methods: Repeat ablations after an EAS-guided PVI were analyzed. After PV angiograms, PV reconnection was assessed. Radiofrequency ablation was delivered at the earliest pulmonary vein (PV) activation site (gap) with the goal of PV re-isolation. First, the incidence of reconnected PVs per patient was assessed. Second, the gap pattern according to the individual PV quadrant was analyzed.Results: Fifty-nine out of 373 (16%) patients underwent a second procedure after index EAS. PV reconnection was observed in 71/230 (31%) PVs without statistically significant differences between individual PVs. A higher incidence of gaps was found for right PVs (49 vs. 27; p 0.0006). The carina between the superior and inferior PV presented a low incidence of gaps (18 vs. 56, p < 0.0001). Gaps were also predominant at the AS segment of the RSPV (11 gaps). No predictors of reconnection were found, except the higher total amount of application in the reconnected right inferior PV (26.03 ± 1.30 vs. 32.04 ± 2.89; p 0.0396).Conclusion: EAS-guided PVI results in a 72% durable PVI rate in patients with AF recurrences without difference between individual PVs. More of the gap was found in the right PVs especially in the anterosuperior segment of the RSPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Assessing and satisfying patient expectation are essential in successful patient-centered communication. Recognizing the gap between patient expectation and perception during pharmacist-patient communication can help to identify communication problems and suggest ways to improve communication. Objective To evaluate the gap between patient expectation and perception of sharing information and communications skills during pharmacist-patient communication. Setting Community pharmacies in South Korea. Method A questionnaire was developed to collect expectation and perception of sharing information and communication skills. Items for sharing information included drug effect, dosage/route of administration, adverse drug reactions, storage, drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, managing a missed dose or overdose, co-medication, and past drug allergies. Communication skills included friendliness, expertise, easy language, emphasis on main content, confirmation of understanding, enough time, calm environment, and private space. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 500 convenience sample using an online or written questionnaire in May 2018. Responses about patient expectation and perception were scored using 4-point Likert scales. Gap between patient expectation and perception was calculated as the differences among 4-point Likert scores. Factors associated with patient expectation and gap scores were evaluated using a multivariable regression method. Main outcome measure Patient expectation and perception of sharing information, as well as perception of communication skills during pharmacist-patient communication (questionnaire consisting 35 items). Results This study analyzed responses of 460 participants who answered all items on the questionnaire. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they want to share information with pharmacists. All items had significant gap between patient expectation and perception (p < 0.01). Gap scores were highest for adverse drug reaction, drug-drug interaction, and past drug allergies (all, median 2). Gap scores were negatively associated with age 50-59 years, ≥ 60 years, and presence of ≥ 1 chronic illness. Patient perception of communication skills, especially regarding private space, were poor. Conclusions The information shared with pharmacists was significantly less than that expected by participants, and most pharmacist communication skills were evaluated as poor. Understanding the expectation of each patient and communicating accordingly with appropriate communication skills are necessary to improve patient-centered communication in community pharmacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans was isolated from human mouth aged (3-55) years. The evaluating anti fungal effects of extract of methanolpropolis (EMP), extract of methanol green apple peel GAP(EMGAP) and Fluconazole (F) against C. albicans at concentrations (50, 125, 250, 375, 500, 750, 1000, 1500) ug/ml each one alone. In experimentation, the combination effect of F compound with both of EMP and EMGAP against C. albicans. Concentrations were used (250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500)ug/ml, treatment autonomous concentrations of disc dilutions of F, EMGAP and EMP every one alone, observed that only (F) had inhibitory effect contra C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (F) was (2.9)mm at concentration (125) ug/ ml and maximum inhibitory concentration (MXIC) was (4.7) mm at (1500) ug/ml. On the other hand, C. albicans is resistant (R) when treated with (EMP) and (EMGAP) each one alone. Whilst, the combination effect was clear of combination (F50% + EMP 50%) against C. albicans. MXIC was 15.3% at concentration (1500)ug/ml, in addition there was combination effect of combination (F 50% + EMGAP50%), (MXIC) was 9.7% at concentration (1500ug/ml). The TLC separation process showed three flavoniods compounds in (EMP). Apigenin, Keamferol and 6-hydroxy flavone and one compound Apigenin in EMGAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cool-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein 1 (Cat1), also referred to as GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (Git1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multi-domain protein that is best known for regulating cell shape and migration. Cat1/Git1 functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that inactivates certain members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family of small GTPases. It is also a scaffold that brings together several signaling proteins at specific locations within the cell, ensuring their efficient activation. Here we will discuss what is known regarding the classical role of Cat1/Git1 in the regulation of cell morphology and migration, as well as highlight some more recent findings that suggest this interesting signaling/scaffolding protein may also contribute in unexpected ways to oncogenic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove a new characterization of uniform hyperbolicity for fibre-bunched cocycles. Specifically, we show that the existence of a uniform gap between the Lyapunov exponents of a fibre-bunched S L (2 , R) -cocycle defined over a subshift of finite type or an Anosov diffeomorphism implies uniform hyperbolicity. In addition, we construct an α-Hölder cocycle which has a uniform gap between the Lyapunov exponents, however, it is not uniformly hyperbolic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While entanglement is a phenomenon discussed in quantum theory, it can also be found in art. We propose to connect entanglement to art's most fundamental question: what is creativity? For example, Marcel Duchamp found the essence of the creative act in the "art coefficient," the difference and/or gap between the artist's intention and realization which is created. This paper locates the common sense understanding of entanglement in an inseparable whole that ensures difference between the intention and realization. Seeing the artistic act as actively designing entanglement within artistic production, we present examples of this from the work of the Japanese-style painter Nakamura, and present a concrete vision for an answer regarding the question of the nature of creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Polyethylene (PE) spinout is a known but uncommon complication when using a mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design. Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is within the manufacturer’s recommendations for the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) knee design. Aim: To discuss the potential aetiology and prevention of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee. Methods: We used a retrospective radiological review from two centres reporting a higher rate of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee using a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique when compared to a gap-balancing technique. Three hundred and thirty-two patients were evaluated over a 3-year period. Results: There were 8 out of 279 (2.86%) cases of spinout in our first cohort of patients using a measured-resection technique. There were 0 out of 53 cases of spinout in our second cohort of patients where a gap-balancing technique was used. One spinout was reduced closed, the other seven were initially revised to a thicker RP insert of the same design. Of these seven, three underwent a further revision TKA and one patient required a knee fusion/arthrodesis. Conclusions: This study reports a higher incidence of PE spinout in the Attune® CR RP TKA when a measured-resection technique in combination with PCL resection is performed. We recommend a gap-balancing technique with conservative soft-tissue release if the surgeon is planning to sacrifice the PCL in the Attune® CR RP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]