Search

Durant els darrers 25 anys s'han observat canvis en la ictiofauna marina de les Illes Balears. Espècies septentrionals com Squalus acanthias, Sprattus sprattus i Aphia minuta s'han tornat rares o molt rares; per altra banda, espècies termofiles com Pteromylaeus bovinus, Tylosurus acus imperialis, Epinephelus aeneus, Epinephelus caninus, Epinephelus costae, Epinephelus marginatus, Caranx chrysos, Caranx rhonchus, Seriola fasciata, Lobotes surinamensis, Kiphosus sectator, Pomadasys incisus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Tetrapterus albidus, Tetrapterus belone, Parablennius pilicornis, Scartella cristata, Schedophilus medusophagus, Schedophilus ovalis, Psenes pellucidus, Balistes carolinensis i Sphoeroides pachygaster han aparegut o incrementat les seves poblacions. Alguns d'aquests canvis podrien ser un signe d'encalentiment de les aigües de la Mediterrània., During the last 25 years changes in the Balearic ichthyofauna have been observed. Septentrional species as Squalus acanthias, Sprattus sprattus and Aphia minuta become rare or very rare; on the other hand, thermophile species such as Pteromylaeus bovinus, Tylosurus acus imperialis, Epinephelus aeneus, Epinephelus caninus, Epinephelus costae, Epinephelus marginatus, Caranx chrysos, Caranx rhonchus, Seriola fasciata, Lobotes surinamensis, Kiphosus sectator, Pomadasys in cisus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Tetrapterus albidus, Tetrapterus belone, Parablennius pilicornis, Scartella cristata, Schedophilus medusophagus, Schedophilus ovalis, Balistes carolinensis and Sphoeroides pachygaster have occurred or increased their populations. Some of these changes could be a sign of Mediterranean water warming.

The introduced alga Caulerpa taxifolia, spreading continuously in the Mediterranean Sea since 1984.By the end of 2000, the spread of Caulerpa taxifolia continues. Ca 13.002 ha are now concerned.

Recent studies demonstrate that activation of proinflammatory cytokines following injury intensifies the process of nociception. The present investigation assessed the influence of pre-injury pentoxifiline (PTFL, a non-specific cytokine inhibitor) on the development of post-injury nociception in animals and patients. It was established that intrathecal or intraperitoneal PTFL, elevated the nociceptive threshold for mechanical stimuli in the formalin test in rats. Pre-injury PTFL also inhibited pain-related behaviour. These findings correlate with a lower TNFα level in the serum of animals receiving pre-injury PTFL. In clinical investigations PTFL was administered intravenously before elective cholecystectomy. Patients who received preoperative PTFL had lower opioid requirements in the early postoperative period than control. At the same time, serum levels of TNFα and IL6 were lower in the PTFL group. Our results confirm the hypothesis as to the possibility of modulating of nociception through preemptive administration of a cytokine inhibitor.

The effect of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger that yields nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) in a rat endotoxemia model was investigated. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) increased NO synthase (NOS) activity and inducible NOS expression measured in lung and plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate, 6-oxo-prostaglandin (PG) F(1alpha), thromboxane B(2), and PGF(2alpha). Infusion of cPTIO significantly reduced LPS-induced mean arterial blood pressure decline and mortality and selectively reduced LPS-induced 6-oxo-PGF(1alpha) plasma levels and prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) activity measured in the lung and aorta. In vitro, PGIS activity in aorta rings was not modified by SNAP (NO donor), cPTIO slightly inhibited the enzyme but not in the presence of L-N(G)-monomethyl arginine, and SNAP in combination with cPTIO significantly inhibited PGIS. Thus, cPTIO may be beneficial in endotoxic shock because of NO scavenging and PGIS inactivation, which could be mediated by NO(2).

En reprendre la publicació dels ER, examino què vol dir una (nova) revista de filologia romànica en l?actualitat, quan no manquen veus que en vaticinen un retrocés. Avui, encara té raó d?ésser, la romanística? El llatí, fragmentat, es resolgué en les llengües romàniques, les quals, amb el temps, aconseguiren d?adquirir un rang abans reservat al llatí. El renaixement impulsà l?equació ?un país = una llengua?, en detriment de les llengües sense estat. Al segle XIX sorgeix la filologia romànica, que a mitjan segle XX ateny un alt nivell científic i que, en molts casos, implica un clar component d?humanitat. En els nostres dies la filologia romànica conviu amb altres mètodes, en contacte amb els quals s?enriqueix. Si la recerca sobre les llengües romàniques particulars s?ha anat imposant, això no vol dir que hagi de desaparèixer la recerca sobre el conjunt que aquelles formen. Al contrari, a la filologia romànica avui se li obren vastes perspectives, per la proliferació de mètodes i per la pluridisciplinarietat., On resuming the publication of ER I examine the meaning of a (new) journal of Romance philology at the present time, when there is no lack of voices auguring a decline in this field. Does Romance philology still have a reason for being today? Latin became fragmented, giving shape to the Romance tongues which came in time to ac-quire a rank previously reserved to that language. The Renaissance encouraged the equation ?one country = one language? to the detriment of the languages lacking their own state. Romance philology arose in the 19th century and by the middle of the 20th it reached a high scientific level that involved, in many cases, a clear component of humanism. At the present time Romance philology coexists with other methods and is enriched by its contact with them. If research into particular Romance languages has been gaining prevalence, this does not mean that research on the ensemble of Romance languages must disappear. To the contrary, vast perspectives are opening today to Romance philology thanks to the proliferation of methods and to pluridisciplinarity.

A two parameter model for single lane car-following is introduced and its equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties are studied. Despite its simplicity, this model exhibits a rich phenomenology, analogous to that observed in real traffic, like transitions between different dynamical regimes and hysteresis in the fundamental flux-density diagram. We show that traffic jams can spontaneously appear in clustered-like structures. In the jammed phase, we observe a slow relaxation phenomenon ruled by the outgoing car flux that determines the hysteretic dependence of the fundamental flux-density diagram. Coexisting phase regimes are also evidenced so as propagating or stationary density waves. The model can be easily calibrated to reproduce experimental observations., 4 pages, 4 figures, latex file and 7 postscript files for figures

Not available., El Institut d'Estudis Catalans acoge actualmente 25 sociedades científicas, filiales según consta en los estatutos. La mayor parte de estas sociedades tiene un origen reciente, de menos de 25 años. Sin embargo, las primeras fueron fundadas poco después que el Institut o, como en el caso de la Institució Catalana d'Historia Natural, se incorporó al Institut siendo una entidad más antigua. A pesar de la gran diversidad, hay dos características comunes a todas las sociedades: agrupar personas con unos intereses científicos comunes y fomentar la investigación en un determinado campo.

Ponencia presentada en: IV Simposio Nacional de Predicción del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, celebrado en 1999 en Madrid El objeto de esta comunicación es presentar, haciendo uso de la información de que disponemos, un primer estudio de la situación meteorológica que dio lugar a un tornado en Cataluña el día 31 de agosto de 1994. Se pretende realizar una aportación sobre estas situaciones meteorológicas gire dan lugar a tiempo severo en España y que recientemente están cobrando un interés especial al ser más frecuentes de lo que indicaban los registros meteorológicos. Previamente al estudio de la situación se presenta una descripción de las características del tornado. A partir de la observación remota y el diagnóstico a las escalas indicadas, se deduce que el tornado se formó sobre una estructura multicelular. Posteriormente es muy probable que se desarrollara una estructura supercelular.

not available